Day 3 :
- Track 6: Waste water recycling
Track 9: Environmental impact of Recycling
Track 10: Agriculture waste recycling
Location: EBRE
Chair
M A Martin-Luengo
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain
Co-Chair
Muscolo Adele
Mediterranea University, Italy
Session Introduction
Alejandro RodrÃguez
University of Córdoba, Spain
Title: Integral utilization of lignocellulosic materials; residues of the agriculture and agri-food industry
Time : 09:30-09:55
Biography:
Alejandro Rodríguez has completed his PhD from University of Córdoba, Spain, and started to work as lecturer in University Pablo of Olavide, Spain. He worked as “Ramón y Cajal” researcher from 2007 to 2011. He is a lecturer in the Chemical Engineering Department in the University of Córdoba, Spain, from December 2011. His scholarly activity should be resumed as follow: books 1, book chapters 3, Journal Articles >80, proceedings & abstracts >50, invited talks 1 and supervisory roles (including present personnel): 9 PhD Students. He has also been serving as an Editorial Board Member of several journals.
Abstract:
Sustainable development is a concept that is gaining more and more importance in our society, putting into practice in all social aspects included in industrial production. One of the pillars of sustainable development is the sustainable economy, which relies on integral utilization of natural resources. To achieve this goal it is necessary to get the valorisation of by-products or waste produced in agricultural or agro-industrial activities. Industrial activity has always relied on producing products that meet the needs of customers within a market, but in recent years the environmental component has been incorporated into production since more and more society is aware and convinced of the necessity to consume products that have been obtained with environmentally friendly processes. The processes involved in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass as raw material and leading to various products, are included in a scheme similar to the traditional refinery, under the heading of "biorefinery". In these processes, through different operations (physical, chemical and/or biological), biomass is transformed into a wide range of high value-added products. The integrated process includes the valuation of carbohydrates, lignin and other products that must be transformed into fuels and chemicals. These sequences must be optimized to avoid wastes and processes that involve a minimum ideally energy and environmental impact must be used.
Muscolo Adele
Mediterranea University, Italy
Title: Using agriculture waste and/or sulfur obtained from the residues of the desulfurization of natural gas and oil as fertilizer for productive purposes
Time : 09:55-10:20
Biography:
Muscolo Adele graduated in Biological Sciences (MSc), and has completed her PhD in Food Science at the age of 26 years at the Policlinic Federico II University of Naples, Italy. In 1988 she started her professional carrier as Researcher at Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria where she is still working as Professor. Since 1990 she is Reviewer for Scientific International Journals and since 2008 she is Evaluator of national and international projects for European Community and Funding Research Agencies. She is Examiner of international PhD dissertation. She published more than 170 papers in international journals with IF and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of many international journals. Additionally she is Associate Editor for JFR
Abstract:
In the ongoing work, to avoid harmful effects of sulfur and agriculture waste to soil ecosystem and crops, we identified and assessed environmentally sound technologies for converting harmful wastes (agricultural and inorganic) in resources. We used polluting recalcitrant agricultural wastes (olive wastes and citrus pulps) and inorganic sulfur obtained from the residues of the desulfurization of natural gas and oil as fertilizer for a sustainable recovery of soils, eco-friendly agriculture while reducing sulfur gas emission in the atmosphere. For this reason, sulfur insoluble in its elemental form was alloyed with bentonite clay and or citrus pulp and or olive waste to be slowly released in soil where bacteria transform it in sulfate-sulfur, the chemical form soluble in soil and easily up-taken by plants. The results showed that after a seasonal vegetation cycle, sulfur bentonite is able to lower the pH of alkaline soils and to increase the growth of onions and beans compared to control. When sulfur bentonite was linked to olive waste or orange pulp, we observed an increase also in soil organic matter content and in MBC. The best result on soil was obtained by using a mix of sulfur bentonite plus orange pulp. Regarding crop productivity, onions grew better with sulfur bentonite plus orange pulp than sulfur bentonite or sulfur bentonite plus olive wastes. In contrast bean grew better with sulfur bentonite plus olive wastes. The data showed specificity between species and type of fertilizer obtained
Nahla A El-Wakil
National Research Centre, Egypt
Title: Comparative study of enzymatic and chemical denaturation of wheat gluten and their cellulosic nanocomposites
Time : 10:20-10:45
Biography:
Nahla A El-Wakil has completed her PhD at the age of 33 years from chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University and Postdoctoral studies from National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. She has published 27 papers in reputed journals and has been Principle Investigator and Member Investigator of many projects.
Abstract:
Nano celluloses derived from agricultural wastes have promises to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of nano composites that can be further improved by addition of inorganic filler which impart antimicrobial activity beside enhanced mechanical properties to the nano composites. In this work, enzymatic denaturation of wheat gluten was performed using Alcalase enzyme to improve the solubility and processibility of wheat gluten. The variables used in this step are enzyme dose (0.5, 1, 2%) based on wheat gluten and time (2, 4, 6, 8, 24 hours). No significant difference in protein solubility was observed under these conditions, so 0.5% enzyme dose was used for the preparation of the studied films. The denatured wheat gluten was filled with nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC) and TiO2. The resultant films were tested in terms of tensile strength and contact angle measurements. Also, the morphology of the tested films was studied. The mechanical testing showed relatively low results when compared to chemically denatured films. Water resistance of the nano composites expressed in contact angle measurements as a non-destructive method was deteriorated.
Hyeun-Jong Bae
Chonnam National University, South Korea
Title: Onion waste recycling to produce the value added by-products
Time : 11:05-11:30
Biography:
Hyeun-Jong Bae has completed his PhD in 2002 at Universite Laval in Canada. He is currently the Director of Bioenergy Research Center at Chonnam National University. His major research areas include lingo-cellulosic bio-energy and value added material production from biomass and agricultural waste by enzymatic bioprocess
Abstract:
Onion wastes (OW) which is produced from industrially processed onions is one of major agriculture waste materials. We evaluated the use of OW to produce a value added by-products such as bio-sugars and quercetin. The carbohydrate content of OW was analyzed and the optimal conversion conditions were evaluated by enzymatic process using varying enzyme mixtures for bio-sugar production and quercetin extraction. The optimized enzymatic bioconversion rate of OW to bio-sugar was over 95% with cellulase, xylanase, peictinase combined mixtures. Quercetin extraction was carried out after enzymatic hydrolysis. The newly developed nano-matrix (terpyridine immobilized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles-zinc (TSMNP-Zn matrix) was utilized to separate quercetin from OSW extracts. The nano-matrix facilitated easy separation and purification of quercetin
Isabel MartÃn
Foundation Center for New Water Technologies (CENTA), Spain
Title: Sustainable water reuse. The case of rural areas and small settlements
Time : 11:30-11:55
Biography:
Isabel Martín is working on the field of water resources since 1996. In 2002, she joined up to CENTA team, working in the field of wastewater treatment and reuse, mainly focusing of wastewater treatment and reuse by using non-conventional technologies. She is participating projects concerning to reusing treated waters for groundwater recharge, forestry for energy and crops for biodiesel production. She has participated in numerous R&D actions at international level (FP6, FP7, SUDOE, POCTEFEX, LIFE). She has authored many publications and participated as a lecturer in national and international events. She is member of the Spanish National Group for ISO/PC282 guidelines on wastewater reuse.
Abstract:
The manifold pressures of climate change, population growth, the changing demands on energy, the growth in demand for high quality water in urban and agricultural areas and the unequal distribution of water resources are putting unprecedented and increasing pressure on finite freshwater resources. It is expected that in 2025, 1,800 million people living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity and two thirds of the world population could do so under conditions of water stress. The use of treated wastewater, especially in applications that are not required to meet drinking water quality, is widely recognized as a proven solution for water scarcity, an alternative recourse from both a drought and environmental protection viewpoint. As a result, water reclamation and reuse is being incorporated into sustainable development, climate change adaptation and Integrated Water Resources Management strategies. To achieve sustainability with small-scale applications, low cost and simple operational wastewater treatment is essential. This increasingly demands the use of so-called ‘non-conventional’ or ‘low-cost’ wastewater treatment technologies, due in great part to the potential for debugging in these areas. Likewise, in the context of wastewater reuse, the use of low-cost water reclamation technologies is also necessary. The Foundation CENTA has been working for over 20 years on sustainable technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse in small communities and areas with low income. Proof of this are the many projects carried out both in Spain and in many countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. These projects, as well as lessons learned and some recommendations will be presented at the Recycling Expo 2015.
Hitoshi Kunoh
Okayama University, Japan
Title: Novel functional materials created by mimicking Fe-oxidizing bacterium involved formation processes of iron oxides complex
Time : 11:55-12:20
Biography:
Hitoshi Kunoh received PhD from Southern Illinois University in 1970 and Post doctorate in Agriculture from Kyoto University in 1972. He joined Mie University as Assistant Professor in 1970 and was promoted to Professor in 1988. He has published more than 300 papers concerning plant pathology and microbiology in reputed journals. He served as Dean of Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University and as President and Editor-in-chief of the Japanese Society of Plant Pathology. Since 2009 he has worked as a Guest Professor for the government-granted project, “Toward Creating Innovative Applications to Harness the Novel Functions of Nano-scaled Iron Oxides of Microbial Origin”
Abstract:
“Iron-oxidizing bacteria”, the genus Leptothrix or Gallionella, produce extracellular, uniquely-shaped microsheaths or fibrous bundles mainly composed of Fe oxides [named “BiogenousIron OXides (BIOX)”] ubiquitously in natural hydrosphere where groundwater outwells. Our microscopic and spectroscopic studies proved that BIOX was an ingenious hybrid of organic and inorganic materials produced through the interaction of bacterial exopolymers with aqueous-phase inorganics such as Fe, Si, P and often Ca. Intriguingly, BIOX was discovered to have a variety of the industrial functions: Lithium-ion battery anode material, catalyst enhancer, plant protectant and porcelain pigment. We have aimed to establish technology to create the novel functional materials for industrial application by mimicking the biogenic processes of BIOX formation. To date we succeeded to manipulate the texture and chemical components of the sheath-type BIOX by altering components of the culture medium for an isolated strain of Leptothrix sp. OUMS1 leading to creation of Si-rich Fe oxides complexes with diverse crystallinity, create Al-rich BIOX by culturing OUMS1 in media containing varied amounts of Al and create nano-scaled architectural acidic silica by heating naturally produced BIOX in a hydrogen gas flow followed by HCl treatment to remove Fe particles. Some of these novel materials were discovered to have great industrial potentials beyond artificially synthesized Fe oxides and naturally produced BIOX. We place our expectation on the eco-friendly, nontoxic, low-cost BIOX and related novel materials as fascinating functional materials for the next generation.
Birguy Lamizana-Diallo,
UNEP-GPA, Kenya
Title: Recycling wastewater yields multiple benefits
Time : 12:20-12:45
Biography:
Birguy Lamizana-Diallo is a broad based development professional with more than 20 years working experience, including extensive knowledge in ecosystem and water resource management and a capacity building skills as a Training of Trainers (ToT) for decision makers on IWRM. She possesses a strong record of accomplishments in developing actions plans in Integrated Water Resource Management for West and Eastern Africa‘s countries. She holds an Engineer degree in Water resources management and a Doctorate in Freshwater Ecology in relation to environmental flows requirement. She is a Programme Officer at UNEP, in charge of the wastewater portfolio
Abstract:
Worldwide, the new environmental paradigm is to eliminate the concept of throwing away waste and replace it with the concept of considering waste as a resource focusing on “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle” paradigm which considers both solid waste and wastewater. Recycling wastewater for peri-urban agriculture already happens around many cities across the developing world. It is clearly one of the options to address the increasing urban food demand, complement rural supply and for poverty reduction. It can further serve the inherent function of agriculture while recycling urban waste products. As such, reuse of wastewater in agriculture means making a productive asset out of a waste product, while contributing to natural purification. This has however, to be done cautiously to minimize both health and environmental risks by applying existing guidelines and multi-barrier approach. There are several advantages for wastewater reuse. First of all, it is a reliable source of water. It contents nutrient which reduce the demand for chemical fertilizers. The economic gain is not negligible as it yields benefits to local communities and to the society by providing a source of income to farmers and can help recycle local water and nutrients sources while cleaning the receiving environment. Wastewater sludge can also be used as soil conditioner, fertilizer and as construction materials. Further, the utilization of organic materials found in wastewater to produce biogas for energy and heat generation clear exhibited climate change related benefits. Wastewater reuse, when appropriately applied, is considered as an example of Environmentally Sound Technology (EST) applications