Biography:

Md Abdul Jalil is a Professor of Civil Engineering Department at Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh. He received his BSc in Civil Engineering in 1986 from BUET. He obtained his MSc in Civil Engineering in 1988 from the same university. He received his PhD in Civil Engineering in 1993 from Tokyo University, Japan under ADB Scholarship. He conducted Post-doctoral research on Water Management in Loughborough University, UK under Commonwealth Fellowship. He was appointed as a Lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering of BUET in 1986. He was promoted to the post of Assistant Professor in 1989. He became Associate Professor in 1996 and Professor in 2001. He has published over 36 papers upto now. His current research areas are biogas generation from solid wastes, water and wastewater treatment technologies, and rain water harvesing. He also works as a Consultant and completed over 45 important national development projects.

Abstract:

From the very beginning, Matuail landfill site was being used for crude dumping of solid waste of Dhaka City. Dhaka City Corporation decided to improve the dump site to a sanitary landfill and to design a new sanitary landfill at the acquired land adjacent to this site. A detail soil exploration was carried out and significant variation in soil strata was identified. A clay layer of 7.8–45 m was found having permeability in the order of 10-5 to 10-7 mm/s. The leachate of the landfill contained a number of pollutants in very high concentrations. Analysis of a water sample from a nearby tubewell revealed that a few parameters exceeded the drinking water quality standards. The pre-project environmental condition of the landfill site had the usual characteristics of an open dump site - filthy, smelly, and breeding ground of flies and mosquitoes. Oozing out leachate caused flooding of roads during rainy days and surface water pollution around the landfill site. Groundwater pollution potential was found to be very low. Local drainage congestion, filthy environment, breeding of flies and mosquito, obnoxious odor in the surrounding, fire hazards, air and noise pollution were some of the potential adverse environmental impacts during construction and operation phases of the landfill. Occupational health and safety of the workers at the landfill site including the waste pickers were of great concerns. Collection, treatment and safe disposal of excess leachate from the landfill site were given top priority to mitigate possible impacts on environment. Storm water drainage system was constructed around the landfill for efficient drainage of rainwater away from the landfill site. The peripheral slope was covered with thick clay layer. The decomposable fresh waste in each cell was covered by stabilized solid waste from the landfill site. A semi-aerobic system was installed to prevent accumulation of gases in the landfill. An effective environmental monitoring program was developed. The important landfill facilities of Matuail sanitary landfill were embankments, roads, platforms, storm water drainage system, leachate collection system, semi-aerobic system of waste stabilization, leachate treatment system, control building, weighbridge, car wash pool, flood light system, electrical sub-station and water supply and sanitation systems. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine design parameters to treat the leachate in aerated lagoons. The lagoons were designed as plug flow reactor. Sludge and treated effluent recycling to the waste dump was proposed as the disposal option. The construction of working road was started first, followed by new embankments, the civil structures in the control area, the flood lighting system, the drainage systems, roadway and platform, semi-aerobic system and finally the leachate treatment system. The major problems faced during the construction phase were related to working road, temporary platform, drainage system, new embankments and permanent platforms. The most severe problem was the failure of the new embankments at a number of sections. All these problems were solved by a critical analysis of each site specific problem and suggesting appropriate solution. As a result, the project was implemented successfully.

Biography:

Muscolo Adele graduated in Biological Sciences (MSc), has completed her PhD in Food Science at the age of 26 years at the Policlinic Federico II University of Naples, Italy. In 1988 she started is professional carrier as researcher at “Mediterranea” University of Reggio Calabria where she is still working as Full Professor in soil chemistry and ecology. Since 1990 she is reviewer for International Scientific Journals and since 2008 she is evaluator of projects for European Community, International Funding Research Agencies and Italian and Foreign Research Ministeries. She is chair of many Regional, National and International research projects.. She is examiner of international PhD dissertation. She published more than 180 papers in international journals with IF and has been serving as an editorial board member of many International Journals. She is Associate Editor for JFR.

Abstract:

In recent years, research is increasingly oriented towards the use of agronomic techniques to improve the productivity in terms of quantity and quality of products, promoting the conservation of natural resources, protecting the soil resource and reducing the environmental impact. In Mediterranean area, crop production is suffering mainly for the loss of soil fertility and the consequent massive use of expensive macro- and micro-nutrient inputs for which agriculture is almost totally dependent on imported products or on fertilizers produced with expensive industrial processes, which generates greenhouse gases (GHGs). In view of the above considerations, this study was conducted to determine the chemical characteristics of six composts obtained with organic wastes from different sources. The fertilizer power was assessed on soil and plant. Waste characteristics influenced the chemical properties of the compost much more than composting process. The obtained compost had a positive effects on soil with an increase in soil organic matter, nutrients, MBC, and bacterial and fungal population that differed in respect to compost features. The best result on soil, was obtained by using the compost produced with a mix of broadleaf vegetables. Regarding crop productivity, the data showed a specificity between crop and type of compost used.

Biography:

Masayuki HOJITO is a professor of Kitasato Univsersity, Towada, Aomori, Japan. His scientific career over 30 years has been based on Soil Science. He is coordinating the University Farm: The Yakumo Experimental Farm is located in southern Hokkaido and it is a unique practical farm, which has established a self-sufficient resource-recycling system. Fertilizers, chemicals or feeds from outside are completely restricted. The farm produces the Kitasato Yakumo Beef (with a Registered trade name) that is the first certified organic beef in Japan. The crucial factor in this process is the management of white clover. Chemical fertilizers are not used and only well-composted cow manure is applied onto the clover-mixed grasslands. Utilizing this method it has been demonstrated that organic and safe beef can be produced using a 370-hectare natural ecosystem without causing any environmental pollution. In essence this system demonstrates that solar energy produces beef.

Abstract:

Nutrient recycling should be effective at balancing nutrient flows in Japanese animal production. This means replacing imported feed with self-produced feed. The Yakumo Experimental Farm of Kitasato University has produced commercial beef under “organic” management, without the use of agricultural chemicals or imported feed, since 2005. Using a dataset obtained from 220 ha of grassland and 250 head of cattle over the 5 years from 2008 to 2012, we estimated nitrogen (N) flow. During 2011 and 2012, we measured grass production, cattle production (selling out), soil parameters, and atmospheric deposition (from precipitation and atmospheric ammonia concentrations). To determine N fixation by clover, we compared grass + clover plots with grass-only plots. Averaged over the period, N components on the 220 ha of grassland comprised 1952 Mg soil N stock, 3.2 Mg N yr⁻¹ in living livestock, 14.3 Mg N yr⁻¹ uptake by grass growth (including 8.6 Mg yr⁻¹ of N fixed by clover), 15.7 Mg N yr⁻¹ applied in composted manure, 1.7 Mg N yr⁻¹ in imported bedding material, 2.8 Mg N yr⁻¹ in deposition, and 1.41 Mg N yr⁻¹ in meat production. N in composted manure equaled about 0.8% of the huge soil N stock; N in grass production equaled about 0.7%, of which clover fixation supplied 60%; N deposition was not negligible; and N export by meat production was minor. These results show that on this organically managed farm, soil N stock increased gradually (by 8.6 Mg N yr⁻¹ [220 ha]⁻¹ = 39 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ = 0.44% of the soil N stock) and N export was small. Our findings show that it is possible to balance N inputs with N outputs in a beef cattle enterprise without the need for feed or fertilizers 

Biography:

Youn-Woo Lee has completed his PhD in 2004 from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA. He is a Professor in the School of Chemical Sciences of Seoul National University, Korea. He is exploring the use of supercritical fluids as environmentally acceptable alternatives to conventional solvents for chemical and physical process. The current areas of application for supercritical fluids are numerous and include particle design, material synthesis, chemical reactions, separations, recycling, and cleaning. He has over 180 publications and 30 patents. He is a member of Korea National Academy of Engineering since 2014. He has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of the J. of Supercritical Fluids and J. of CO2 utilization as well as an Associate Editor of Green Materials.

Abstract:

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) process appears to be a viable and effective technique for recovering metals and the destruction of hazardous organics in industrial chemical process wastewater. It is demonstrated that the integration of SWS and SCWO create synergetic effect. Wastewaters from Cu-plating process, acrylonitrile manufacturing plant, liquid crystal display (LCD) manufacturing plant, and terephthalic acid (TPA) manufacturing plant were treated by SCWO not only to decompose hazardous organic compounds but also to recover valuable inorganic materials. A SCWO process was developed for treating wastewater from TPA manufacturing process which contains many organic acids such as 4-carboxybenzyl aldehyde, terephthalic acid, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, p-tolualdehyde and p-toluic acid and inorganic compound such as cobalt and manganese acetate. During the supercritical water oxidation of organic acids, nano-particles of cobalt manganese oxide in situ formed in the reactor act as an oxidation catalyst to enhance the oxidation rate of organic acid so that one can either reduce reaction temperature or shorten residence time (Figure 1). Total organic carbon of wastewater was 37,480 ppm and was reduced to 200 ppm after reaction. Co-Mn catalyst in the TPA wastewater was recovered above 99% as cobalt manganese oxide and the size of Co-Mn oxide particles was ca. 260 nm. Figure 2 shows the commercial plant for treating TPA waste residue slurry by SCWO.

Figure 1: Schematic process flow for treating TPA waste by SCWO as well as recovery of catalysts

Figure 2: TPA waste residue slurry treatment plant by SCWO

Biography:

Ing. Lucía Pérez Amaro, PhD. has her expertise in Polymeric Materials Science and Technology. Dr. Perez Amaro, received her PhD. In 2008 (University of Concepción – Chile) and her master degree in Materials Engineering in 1999 (University Simón Bolívar – Venezuela). In particular, in the recent years (CNR- Italy) Dr. Pérez Amaro are gained expertise in the chemical modification of 2D nanostructured additives, their dispersion in polymeric matrices and the assessment of the ultimate properties of the final nanocomposite obtained. Her expertise also include, thermo-mechanical modification of polymer blends and composites, assessment the biodegradability of biodegradable and bio-based polymers modified with different functional additives, dispersion of oxo additives in polyolefin and their blends with biodegradable polymers, chemical recycling of aromatic polyester, functionalization of polyolefin and the assessment of their properties for water treatment applications.

Abstract:

The LMPE Lab is an Italian SME ranked as a start-up/spin-off of the National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM). It is located in the Technological Pole of the Capannori Town Hall at Segromigno in Monte (Lucca). The mission of LMPE, holding a consolidate scientific and technological background in polymers science and technology is aimed at implementing routes leading, within the framework of circular economy, to ZERO industrial waste processes or giving second safe life to the wastes generated in various industries of the district. The strategic approaches that will be applied in order to meet the objectives of clean industrial processes and utilize all the free energy content yet available in the wastes, will imply: 1) Design and production of environmentally friendly prototype polymeric formulations based on the wastes generated in the Capannori’s industrial district as raw materials and/or compatible fillers of biodegradable polymeric materials attained from fossil fuel feedstock as well as from agro industrial wastes. 2) In keeping with the expectations mentioned in the former point, attention will be posed onto full carbon backbone polymeric materials, holding an overall world market share higher than 50% in the production of relative short service life commodities. In particular, attention will be posed on the ways to impart to them propensity to biodegradation in different environmental compartments without compromising their eventual reutilization in recycling as second life raw material.

Biography:

Denise Espinosa is Associate Professor of the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of São Paulo. She has expertise in Materials and Metallurgical Engineering with projects on e-waste recycling, extractive metallurgy and hydrometallurgy. The Laboratory of Recycling, Waste Treatment and Extraction (LAREX) is a research center in the University of São Paulo focused in the areas of recycling, metal extraction and solid waste treatment.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: The growth of photovoltaic (PV) technology has been addressed recently as a concern from a waste management point of view. The complexity of PV waste is often overlooked given the environmental benefits of the technology in terms of reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, such wastes may contain metals that are highly hazardous for humans and the environment. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV modules employ indium-tin-oxide as transparent conductive oxide and its recovery could be advantageous from an economic perspective as well. Characterization studies covering flexible a-Si modules have not been published yet and hence this is the subject of this study. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: A flexible a-Si panel was subjected to thermal treatment to remove the proprietary, protective coating to allow SEM-EDS analysis. Different temperatures were used to identify when the coating would be released and what changes that temperature would bring in terms of layers of materials exposed. The module was then observed through a stereo microscope and SEM-EDS for investigation. TGA was also performed to identify possible organic content. Conclusion & Significance: Flexible amorphous solar modules are mainly comprised of metals. Steel is employed as backsheet, as noticed by iron and chromium in the SEM-EDS analysis. Germanium was identified, as expected, since a-SiGe is part of the semiconductor phase. Electrical contacts present were composed of copper and silver. Lastly, there was indium in the form of indium-tin-oxide as the transparent oxide conductor. All the materials identified are in accordance to production techniques described by manufacturers.

Biography:

Professor of Invertebrate Zoology at the departmemt of Zoology,Faculty of Science,Cairo University, since 1993, Interested in the conservation of the freshwater ecosystem as regard pollution and biological control of snail vectors of parasitic diseases. Published more than 50 papers and planed and supervised more than 60 M Sc and Ph D thesis at the Cairo Universty.

Abstract:

The present study was conducted to assess the accumulation of some metals ( Fe, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mg, Ca and Zn) in the Nile water and sediment, at four sites (Gezyrat Al- Warrak [site I], Manial Sheeha [ site II], Al- Hawamdia [ site III] and Helwan [ site IV], as well as in the exoskeleton, hepatopancreas , muscles and gills of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, collected from the same sites. The results obtained show that the different concentrations of the metals in the Nile water were in the descending order Mg>Zn>Fe>Cu>Mn>Pb>Cd, at all studied sites. Fe and Zn concentrations were higher than the permissible limits , while the remainder metals were within the allowable levels. Whereas, the concentrations of metals in the sediment showed different patterns according to their abundance in water. The abundance of these metals in the sediment was in the order Fe>Mg>Ca>Zn>Mn>Cu>Pb>Cd, at sites I and II, Fe>Mg>Ca>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cd>Pb, at site III and Mg>Fe>Ca>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cd>Pb, at site IV. Metal concentrations in the sediment were higher many folds than their values in the overlaying water. The bioconcentration factor ( BCF) of the metals in the exoskeleton and hepatopancreas of P. clarkii was in the descending order Fe>Mn>Cu>Mg>Zn>Ca>Cd>Pb. While, in the gills it was in the following arrangement Fe>Cu>Mn>Mg>Ca>Zn>Cd>Pb and in the muscles it was as follows: Fe>Cu>Mn>Mg>Ca>Zn>Cd>Pb. The concentration of the selected metals in the crayfish muscles were lower than the international permissible levels. Relative to the allowable limits for metals in foods, there was no sufficient accumulation of any of the detected metals to indicate that no significant health hazard would result from the consumption of the muscle parts of the animal. This study suggests also that P. clarkii may be used as bioindicator for trace metals pollution in the freshwater systems.

Biography:

Alexandr G. Anshits graduated in chemistry at Novosibirsk State University (1971), has completed his PhD (1974) and Doctor of Chemistry (1992) in oxidation catalysis, Professor of physical chemistry (1994). Head of the laboratory catalytic conversion of small molecules (from1981), vice-director (from 2001) of the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk. Under his supervision, methods for the separation of pure ferrospheres and cenospheres from fly ashes were developed. The composition‒structure‒property relationship was established for ferrospheres and cenospheres over a wide range of variations in their chemical composition. Effective microspherical functional materials for various fields of applications (highly selective microspherical membrane materials for the production of high-purity helium and hydrogen, catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane, cracking of heavy oil components, sensitizers of emulsion explosives, and highly effective composite sorbents for long-term isolation of radionuclides in mineral-like forms) were developed.

Abstract:

The multicomponent composition of coal power plant fly ashes is a serious limitation in their bulk utilization. Cenospheres, are one of the microspherical components of fly ash, which are potentially suitable for the development of materials for different purposes. In recent years, new functional materials were developed based on a detailed characterization of narrow fractions of cenospheres with specific composition and structure. Among these materials are highly selective microspherical membrane materials for the production of high-purity helium and hydrogen, highly effective composite sorbents for long-term isolation of radionuclides in mineral-like forms, magnetically controlled encapsulated pH-sensitive spin probes for the examination of biological objects, and sensitizers of emulsion explosives capable of replacing hollow synthetic microspheres. One of the promising directions is using cenospheres as highly selective membrane materials for the production of high-purity helium and containers for storage and transportation of hydrogen. It was established that the permeability coefficients for the glass phase of cenosphere shells from different fly ashes are directly proportional to the content of the glass-forming oxide SiO2 in it. The experimental values of the permeability coefficients significantly exceed those for homogeneous silicate glasses for helium and hydrogen by a factor of 3‒24 and 12‒111, respectively. This fact can be explained by an essential difference between the states of two types of glass phases formed under substantially different conditions. The homogeneous glasses are formed under long-term annealing conditions at a constant temperature. Thin shells of the cenospheres have a fragmentary structure, which was formed as a result of the coalescence of molten microdroplets (1.0–2.5 μm) of an aluminosilicate precursor under conditions of high temperature gradients. The glass phase of the cenospheres thus formed differs significantly from the homogeneous glass phase, primarily, by the free-space geometry, which has a critical influence on the process of gas diffusion.

Biography:

Paola Marini has her expertise in raw material characterization and treatment process. Her research concerns the physical mechanical tests of the stone material, the durability of ornamental rocks; recognition and restoration of stone materials, protected designation of origin of the stones, mineral processing , identification of minerals and asbestos in particular, and the processes of recovery of secondary raw materials. Investigations are carried out on the stone materials and aggregates, magnetic separation tests in fluid medium, gravimetric, comminution etc., and analysis for the recognition of asbestos fibers in MCA, soil and rock.

Abstract:

In Italy, the amount of glass waste reached in 2015 1.825.000 t, and 91% of this amount has been recycled. The remaining 9% that is to say 164.000 t in 2015 constitutes the waste of this process (Coreve, 2015). SASIL spa processes this waste obtaining a product named glassy sand that is now well accepted by the glass factories. In turn from this treatment SASIL generates a 3% of waste made of all the impurities usually present in a glass waste. The problem faced in this research is the recovery of the most of these impurities. The impurities are represented by ceramics, stones, magnetic and non-magnetic metals, paper, plastics, cork, oily residues, synthetic corks etc., which are not always easily removable. SASIL S.p.A. already built a treatment plant for the recovery of this waste but the its performances are not yet satisfactory. For this reason some samples were taken from different points of the plant in order to carry out particle size analysis and product characterization to define the composition of the waste and evaluate the efficiency of industrial treatments. The present work shows that the cullet waste material of scrap glass recovery treatments (waste3) is composed of exploitable product fractions with different particle sizes and physical (such as density , shape and resistance) properties. In the next step, laboratory tests were executed to achieve maximum separation efficiency and to valorise the different product fractions. On the base of laboratory results, a new treatment plant was designed and economic evaluation have been made. The materials to be trade as secondary raw materials (SRM) are about 87.5% of the total entering the plant and result to be glass, plastic lightweight, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, synthetic stoppers and cork stoppers.

Biography:

Nefise Erdincmer has graduated from Department of Biology of Hacettepe University. She started working at Environmental Measurements Laboratory of Dokuz Eylul University (DEU) as a Biologist. Besides, she obtained her Post-graduation in MSc from the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of DEU. Now she is pursuing her PhD in Marine Science and Technology Department in DEU.

Abstract:

The olive mill sector needs to put into practice new strategies for wastewater management that will reduce the environmental impact of its excessive water consumption and high dye and auxiliary chemical expenditures. The sector will be forced to develop an integrated waste management approach that involves the recycling of not only water but also consumable chemicals. Hydroxytyrosol is the main polyphenol naturally occurring in olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) either from two-phase or three-phase traditional and industrial mills. It is naturally occurring in virgin olive oil also in form of monoacetyl derivative which shows an antioxidant effect very close to the parent compound. Among the wide group of polyphenols, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid can be applied as natural antioxidant for cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the recoveries of the hydroxytyrosol, hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid were performed using sequential anaerobic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) and reverse ozmosis (RO) processes. After UASB treatment the effluent was acidified, filtered and vaporised at 30°C at a pressure of 1.7 A in an autoclave. The obtained oil was extracted with ethyl acetate. The hydroxytyrosol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid were purified with kiesel gel containing silica-gel and they were measured in a HPLC in an isocratic media using acetonitril/acetic acid/water mixture at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The final sequential RO membrane stages were carried out in a bench-scale cross-flow unit. Flat-sheet thin-film composite (TFC) RO consisted of a polyamide active layer on a polysulfone ultra-filtration support, with an active area of 200 cm2 was used for the reuse of treated water for process and land application since this treatment step maintaining the parametric values with regard to pH, EC, TSS, COD, total iron, ionic content and bacterial growth below the standard limits established for irrigation purposes.

Biography:

Milorad Cirkovic was a Chief Engineer for two decades in the primary production of copper in RTB Bor. In the Mining and Metallurgy Institute, he works on the projects for development of technologies for recycling of the polymetallic scrap, electronic waste and environment protection. He is the author of more than 100 scientific papers and 3 patents.

Abstract:

Permanent development of technology causes creation of a significant amount of the secondary raw materials which are increasingly used as the raw material base for many metals. Due to the fact that large amounts of metal are concentrated in waste materials with their high content, a great attention is given to this subject and, numerous technologies are developed on the world stage today for recycling of this waste. Natural deposits of these metals are increasingly poorer so that the deposits of Cu-Zn alloys represent a significant potential for valuation the basic metals. This work presents the results of laboratory and pilot studies of brass decomposition in order to produce the basic metals (Cu and Zn) from brass scrap, because it is an important raw material base for production of these metals. The pilot plant consists of a rotary smelting furnace, capacity of 5 t, and special plant for gas treatment. The aim of this experiment was to remove zinc and accompanying metals by processing of these alloys and to produce copper. The produced copper has the following chemical composition: 99.03% Cu, 0.45% Zn, 0.46% Pb and 0.04% Sn. The amount of removed slag is 2-2.5% of the amount of charged material, and slag has the following chemical composition: 27.5% Cu, 38.92% Zn, 2.93% Fe, 6.03% SiO2 and 4.35% Cu (oxide).

Biography:

Jonathan S. Cramer is a second year PhD student specialized in electrochemistry chemical engineering and material chemistry for applications in sustainable industries. During his Master studies he had the opportunity to work on topics such as: the durability of reinforced concrete building in the marine environment and the corrosion behaviour of hybrid aeronautic materials. Later on he focused on new alternative recycling processes destined to high value metallic wastes. Moreover, he worked as a research engineer on the set up of a molten salt electrochemical process for the recycling of super-alloys on end of life aircrafts. Now, as a PhD student, he investigates the implementation of a new thermal plasma process destined to the recycling of Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment (WEEE).

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Recycling processes are now widely recognized as one of the solutions against the primary mineral resources supply risk. The most developed countries are aware of this issue and aim to find innovative processes to recycle strategical metallic elements. The existing processes are pyro and/or hydrometallurgical processes, however they may face significant drawbacks. Within the framework of alternative new recycling processes, we use the thermal plasma media to perform extractive metallurgy. Indeed, the so-called 4th state of matter combines the properties of hydro and pyro-metallurgical processes in addition to its particular properties. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The selective extraction and recovery of desired metal in binary samples alloys (FeCu, CuSn) has been carried out by a 15kW enhanced plasma process. The enhancement lies in the modification (additives) and the control of the hot plasma chemical reactivity and temperature. The liquid alloy mass transport is also studied and controlled (by a DC bias) in order to understand the plasma-alloy interface and optimize the extraction. The extracted elements are transported by the plasma flow and recovered by condensation on a capture plate. Findings: The understanding and the control of the plasma-alloy interface led to the selective extraction of the desired elements with a high purity. Some plasma thermodynamic tools have been conceived to improve the selectivity and extraction rate. Multiple diagnosis tools (OES, LIBS, DRX, ICP…) are employed in-situ and ex-situ so that an extraction mechanism can be proposed. Conclusion & Significance: The thermal plasma is a suitable media for metallurgical processes. In this project we used a customizable and controllable thermal plasma process to selectively extract and recover metal from binary alloy (Cu,Sn…), with the further objective to recycle strategic metals from more diverse and complex matrices.

Biography:

Md. Abdul Jalil is a Professor of Civil Engineering Department at Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh. He received his BSc in Civil Engineering in 1986 from BUET. He obtained his MSc in Civil Engineering in 1988 from the same university. He received his PhD in Civil Engineering in 1993 from Tokyo University, Japan under ADB Scholarship. He conducted Post-doctoral research on Water Management in Loughborough University, UK under Commonwealth Fellowship. He was appointed as a Lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering of BUET in 1986. He was promoted to the post of Assistant Professor in 1989. He became Associate Professor in 1996 and Professor in 2001. He has published over 36 papers upto now. His current research areas are biogas generation from solid wastes, water and wastewater treatment technologies, and rain water harvesing. He also works as a Consultant and completed over 45 important national development projects.

Abstract:

The results of this study on the type and quantity of solid waste generated in a rural vegetable and cattle market, and biogas generation from the waste are presented in this paper. The market waste was collected; individual items were separated and measured on both normal days and haat days. During a normal day, it was found that very insignificant amount of waste was generated. But on a haat day, a large amount of waste was found to be generated. On an average, the amount of easily biodegradable waste was 589 kg out of the total waste of 1004 kg on a haat day. Cow dung, fish, ginger, cursed lobe, guava and banana leaves were the major biodegradable wastes. Other biodegradable wastes were goat dropping, bitter melon, pointed gourd, dhundul and brinjal. The total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) of the biodegradable portion of the market waste were determined and were found to be 17.94% and 13.87% respectively. Laboratory experiments were run order to generate biogas in anaerobic digesters using the same composition of the market waste. They were placed in a large closed chamber and room heaters were used to maintain the temperature of the chamber at a constant value. One set of batch experiments and another set of daily feed experiments were carried out. In the first set of experiments, 500 g and 750 g waste added in 2 digesters separately and inoculum was added to make the effective volume of 2.1 L for each digester. The experiments were operated for 46 days and the average temperature was found to be 34.7°C. In the second set of experiments, one digester was initially fed with 750 g waste having the effective volume of 2.2 L. Another twochambers (connected in series) digester was initially fed with 750 g waste having the effective volume of 3 L. Then the daily feed was 18.75 g waste mixed with 20 mL of water with dispensing 40 mL slurry from the digester. The experiments were run for 40 days and the average temperature was 35.1°C. The results of the 1st set of experiments revealed that the daily biogas generation rates were 0.22 and 0.48 m3/m3 of digester volume for the concentrations of waste as 0.238 and 0.357 kg/L respectively for 40 days retention time, and the respective rates of biogas producton were 0.30 and 0.40 m3/kg of VS added. The results of the 2nd set of experments revealed that the daily production of biogas was 0.44 and 0.37 m3/m3 of the digester volume for the one-chamber digester and two-chamber digester respectively. But in terms of per kg VS added, the average daily gas generation rates were 0.185 m3 and 0.212 m3 for the respective digesters.

Biography:

I am an engineer and expert in environment and sustainable development. During my 20-year career, I have been involved in all aspects of administrative and technical management of environmental issues in my area. I first started in the administrative sector, where I had the chance to be involved in the development projects development and management program. I have not only witnessed the advancement of development towards modern facilities such as technical landfills, recycling and composting facilities, and wastewater recycling, but it also gave me the opportunity Learn more and develop my own skills.

Abstract:

Algeria is in the category of poor water resources according to the scarcity threshold set by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) or the World Bank at 1,000 cubic meters per capita per year. It is currently estimated at 500 m3 and will be only 430 m3 in 2020, according to projections made by the UN. (Source MRE). So she can not turn the Back to this Opportunity and reuse this purified or naturally purified wastewater considering these COMMITMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. Algeria has all the keys to a successful transition and to control the quality of wastewater uses. It is necessary to recognize that scientific knowledge helps in the integrated and sustainable management Scientifically "To each use of the water its adapted source. Gout Ideal! Ideal for Health, Ideal for Soil, Ideal for Finished Product Cheap and sustinabl Assured. The "ideal drop" is the guarantee for each context of an optimal and specific technology (expected quality and quantity of water, storage, irrigation mode ...). It must also lead to economic and social profitability while preserving risks to health, agronomy and the environment. Treating water excessively kills the profitability of agricultural projects. Conversely, poor control of the risks would lead to failures jeopardizing the future of the reuse of Domestic wastewater. The reflection on treatment must be carried out from the downstream of the water chain and the water must be treated according to the use that is made of it. Irrigators and water caterers are then obliged to work in synergy and seek the best compromise, ideal gout and share best the benefits.

Biography:

Zahra Balador, PhD student of architecture. She has received bachelor of architectural engineering from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2010, Master of Energy and Architecture from University of Tehran in 2015. Also she has been the Energy consultant and designer at University of Tehran Civil and Architecture Home, Lecturer of building energy analysis soft wares in the Academy of Architecture institute, Researcher at Office of Sustainability of Amirkabir University, Head of the energy community in the Institute of young architects and urban designers, Lecturer of undergraduate courses, University of Applied Science and technology, Tehran, She passed the Internship at UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlements Program. She has working Experience in Architectural Companies and the membership of many architectural and sustainable societies such as Generation Zero, Plastic Diet, Iranian Architecture Center Institute, Academy of Architecture Institute, Arch House Institute, Construction Engineering Organization of Tehran, Office of Sustainability, Amirkabir University of Technology.

Abstract:

Building insulation material as a building element will play a role in the building energy performance and the environmental footprints, since the building envelop greatly have influence on the energy efficiency of the building. The growing need for sustainable materials has urged researchers to find some insulation materials as well as other building materials which have lower burden on the environment, e.g. natural, or recycled materials. Some of the building materials which are in their early stage are building insulations made from agricultural by-products, because they are biodegradable, sustainable and recyclable. There are some examples such as Kenauf which are in the competitive market. But there is a long way for the other alternatives of bio-based insulation materials to go to the market, because their characteristics are not known completely yet. This study aims to show which parts of their characteristics and behaviors need more attention and further research to make these alternatives more reliable and competitive, and change this idea that insulations are always petrochemical materials. This study by reviewing the literature and classifying the researches on the unconventional insulation materials into different categories, e.g. thermal, acoustical, structural, environmental behaviors, will reveal the hotspots of this procedure, and make further researches in this field easier.

Biography:

Prior to heading Tawazon, a core unit of Qalaa Holding, an African leader in infrastructure and industry, Dr. Hisham Sherif was the CEO of Engineering Tasks Group (ENTAG) and the Egyptian Company for Solid Waste Recycling (ECARU). He led both companies — which are now subsidiaries of Tawazon — in Biomass management projects (collection, transportation and treatment) for producing Biomass derived fuel (BDF), animal feed, and compost. Dr. Sherif previously served as a lecturer in the Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering of Minya University. As a leading expert in local and international procurement laws and procedures governing licensing, imports and joint ventures he assisted over 30 municipalities in nine countries in upgrading MSW treatment and disposal projects. Furthermore, he helped direct planning, construction and operation of new MSW sorting, composting, and production of refused derived fuel (RDF) and landfilling projects across the region. He has attended numerous national and international conferences in the field of municipal solid waste, biomass, alternative fuel and energy management and technologies. Dr. Sherif holds Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees from the Chemical Engineering Department at Minya University, and a PhD in Chemical Engineering, jointly supervised by Minya University and Strathclyde University in Glasgow, Scotland.

Abstract:

Biography:

M Sulyman was born in 1976. He got his MSc. degree in 2008 from Academy of Graduate Studies and the B.Sc. degree in 2000 from Al-Mergheb University in the field of chemical engineering in Libya. Currently he is a PhD student at Polymer Technology Department, Gdansk University of Technology in Poland. His interests of research are environmental and polymer engineering. His main research is asphalt polymer blend using polymer waste materials. Additional interest work is wastewater treatment using green adsorbents prepared from agricultural by-products/wastes

Abstract:

Presently, oil spill pollution is still one of the important issues worldwide, due to their environmental and economic issues. It also remains a challenge to the environment scientists and technologist. Currently, there are many superior oil recovering materials in the market. However, because they are costly and cannot be recycled repeatedly, the emergency oil recovery operation at oil spills has its own oil-saturated wastes that require expensive post-treatment, adding tremendous cost to the oil recovery process. So, the use of potential and low cost, as well as an environment friendly sorbents instead of conventional adsorbent material is still necessary. Nowadays, natural and synthetic sorbents are applied for oil spill cleanup due to their availability, rapid and cost saving characteristics, eco-friendliness and reduced environmental effects, which are one of the main challenges in commercial manufacturing. However, there are several works that have been conducted to use natural and synthetic adsorbent materials such as kenaf fiber, sugarcane bagasse, crumb rubber, polyurethane foam, polypropylene fiber and silica nanopowder, in the removal of oils from water-oil system. In this study, recycled textile fiber obtained from used tires (TF) has been selected as low cost adsorbent for oily wastewater treatment using static system. Crude oil and used corn oil were selected as a model of petroleum and non-petroleum oils, respectively. The effect of operational parameter such as contact time and sorbent dose on the sorption capacity and oil removal efficiency during sorption system were investigated. The evaluation of sorbent efficiency for only oil uptake, which is called “dry system”, was also studied. Compressed textile fiber using mechanical de-vulcanization method to remove oil from the layer oil system was also studied using oil layer bath. From analytical point of view, each experiment was performed three times under the same conditions and the average results were taken. Based upon the experimental results of this study, following results are obtained: The maximum adsorption capacity and removal percentage for 1 g sorbent in 50 ml water containing 4.62 g of used cooking oil and crude oil using 150 ml glass beakers were found to be 4.33 g/g and 94% for cooking oil, and 4.5 g/g and 97.4% for crude oil respectively at sorption temperature of 5oC; adsorption capacity for dry system was also evaluated for both oils and maximum adsorption capacity was obtained about 17 g/g for used cooking oil, and 25.7 g/g for crude oil which reached duration of 72 hr; regeneration results of the fiber sorbent showed that reuse of recycled textile fiber for three times is possible without a reduction in oil sorption capability; although the compressed TF showed less sorption capacity than uncompressed fiber, but also showed that it could be used for the storage and transport of recovered oil and the adsorbed oil does not leaches out at room temperature; and finally, the results also indicate that TF can be used without activation and any chemical previous treatment for oil spill cleanup.

Biography:

Leeke is Chair in Chemical Engineering and Head of the Bioenergy and Resource Management Centre at Cranfield University, UK. His research interests lie in the areas of recycling enabling technologies and resource efficiency. He has expertise in high pressure engineering and thermo-chemical processing, specifically in reaction engineering, separation technology, flow reactors, and their applications to polymer/composite processing and remanufacture, mixed plastic waste and the circular economy.  He leads the EXHUME project in the UK  investigating the deconstruction of fibre reinforced composites. Gary sits on the Composites Leadership Forum Sustainability Working Group for Composites UK.

Abstract:

Plastic is notoriously difficult to recycle – if plastic packaging is considered only 14% is collected for recycling, and only 5% of material value is retained for subsequent use. Plastics that are recycled tend to be down-cycled and are not recyclable after use. Other routes include incineration or landfilling.  Situations are made worse by the high cost of collection and the lack of recycling plants that deal with them. Globally, it is estimated that 32% of plastics are not collected and escape into natural systems. If a position of resource efficiency is adopted, solutions are needed to process waste plastic so that value added products can be obtained. These would ease the strain on landfill sites, and produce an output that could be sold at profit. 

A solution proposed by Recycling Technologies Ltd (RT) is to convert end-of-life mixed plastic into a substitute crude oil that can be used as a source of valuable hydrocarbons.  Challenges arise from the heterogeneity of feedstock that has variable composition and impurities such as water and biomass. A number of products can potentially result, in particular naphtha which can be used as a polymer feedstock to produce new materials, and therefore helping to address the circular economy issue around plastic waste.  Other products include heavy fuel oil which has the advantage of being Ultra Low Sulphur [S<0.02%]), gas-oil and other tailored products. The presentation highlights the pyrolysis technology developed by RT and some of the challenges to convert end-of-life mixed plastic into value-added hydrocarbon products.

Biography:

Zhao Xueyong has been engaged in desertification research since 1987 and carried out research and demonstration of techniques for sustainable desertification reversion and resource use for promoting poverty relief in Horqin Sandy Land of Inner-Mongolia, which is an agro-pastoral transitional region experienced severe desertification in the period of 1950-1980s and reversion since 1990s, but challenged by reduction of water availability and stagnated economic growth. Due to his contribution to combating desertification and poverty relief, he is granted with "Award for successful Saving the Dryland" by UNEP and "Award for Promoting Science and Technology Development" by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and Inner-Mongolia Government.

Abstract:

The agro-pastoral transitional zone in northern China refers to a region along the isohyets line of 380 mm annual precipitation in northern China and covers about 8.5*105 km2 and a transitional zone from nomadic land use to growingly intensified cropping land use. In the past 50 years, this region went through a severe desertification period from 1950s-1980s mainly due to cropland invasion and over-grazing driven by population increase. Since early 1990, desertification has been reversed, however, the reversion rate has been decreased and water availability reduced, characterized by lake shrinkage, river drying-up and underground water table reduction. As a result, natural and planted trees and bushes of large area died of drought and came into a challenge to land restoration and local economic development. Therefore, there come to a common consensus that promotion of recycling material use, including water and organic matter from agro-pastoral activities, for degraded land restoration and economic development in the agro-pastoral transitional zone. Since 2011, a series of experiment have been carried out on selection of fiber decomposers, techniques for fast decomposition of organic matter of stalks, manures and residues after animal feeding, mixed with sand and/or bentonite for re-production of animal feeding, granulate organic fertilizer and soil ameliorant, etc.. Eight decomposers of fungi were cultured for fast decomposition of organic matter, and a trial production line was industrialized for producing semi-fermented livestock feedings, organic fertilizer, and organic mixture for shifting sand fixation and soil improvement (photo 1). The trial production line is of a capacity to produce organic mixture to successfully fix 200 ha of shifting sand dunes and animal feedings of 50-60 t annually. It is expected that this technique will be fully developed and utilized in a larger scale for desertified land restoration and employment of more labors.

Biography:

Katie Patrick is an AustralianAmerican environmental engineer, designer and computer programmer. Her company, Hello World Labs creates datadriven, gamification and behaviorchange solutions to the world’s biggest problems. She is the creator of the behavior change game and Youtube channel Detrashed, the author of Detrash Your Life in 90 Days The Art of Zero Waste Living and the creator of Zerowastify an app designed to better measure municipal solid waste. Katie has been a media spokesperson on environmental issues and has been featured regularly on TV, radio and in print publications including Vogue Australia. She was CEO of the VCfunded greenlifestyle magazine Green Pages Australia and was appointed environmental brand ambassador by the Ogilvy Earth advertising agency for Volkswagen, Lipton Tea and Wolfblass Wines. She has served on the board of Australia’s national eco label, Good Environmental Choice Australia, and won the Cosmopolitan Woman of the Year Award for entrepreneurship. After graduating from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology with a B.Eng in Environmental Engineering, she worked as an environmental design engineer for building engineers Lincoln Scott in Sydney on some of the world’s first platinumLEEDcertified commercial buildings. Katie lives in San Francisco with her 15monthold daughter Anastasia.

Abstract:

You may have heard the saying, “If you can’t measure it, it probably doesn’t exist.” This talk is about measuring what we want to change and getting really good at changing it. Simply disclosing data has enormous potential to catalyze change. We will peek into the surge in new data being collected in smart cities by satellites, drones and sensors, and the exciting start ups using this data for environmental change. We will ask the questions “What are you measuring and how are you measuring it?” and “What will this future world look like when you have have achieved your goal?” I will reveal the surprising power of behaviorchange and gamification techniques like using pledges, leaderboards, awards, progress bars and smileys. I will show how to use these features as parts of a feedback loop of real environmental data, exploiting the c oncept of agency (motivation) in game design. This will lead to the overarching principle of cybernetic ecology, in which a feedback loop exchanges information between nature and machines. I teach a practical howto of communitybased social marketing, based on the principle of social diffusion, and why it is essential to incorporate narrative design when selling sustainable behaviors. My talk will end with fun ideas we can

Biography:

Li Guangming has completed his PhD at the age of 27 years from East China Institute of Chemical Technology. He is Professor of College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University. He has published more than 100 papers in environmental science and technology and has been serving as the Water and Environmet Journal editorial board membership.

Abstract:

Since 21 centruy waste electric and eletronic equipment (WEEE) has appeared into public concerning as wel as sustainable development concepts has been accepted by public communities. Environmental issues and resouring benefits from WEEE have promoted to improve management system and innovation technology. In order to deal with the illegal imports of WEEE, China has promulgated many laws and regulations to restrict and prohibit the import of WEEE, including multilateral environmental agreements. After that, the relevant policies and regulations on the management and processing of WEEE have been formulated in accordance with the national conditions in China. On July 1, 2012, China has issued the Management Regulation of Collection and Use of the WEEE Disposal Fund to support the enterprises which have obtained the qualification of a WEEE disposal enterprise for recovering WEEE. At present, The well-established domestic WEEE recycling and resource processing enterprises are generally equipped with the automatic television dismantling line, cathode ray tube (CRT) hot blast system, non-metallic powder regeneration system, precious-metal electrolytic recycling system, cartridges resource recycling system, printed circle board (PCB) seperation system, computer dismantling line, automatic refrigerator dismantling line, air conditioner dismantling line, foam compressor, washing machine dismantling line, etc. Some new technologies for smart phones, lithium ion batteries and liquid crystal display panels (LCD) recovery have been developing. Ecodesign, urban mining and intergrated interprises for minmum environment impact in production and consumption of electric and electronic equipment has been concerned.

Biography:

Pravin Kannan completed his PhD from Tennessee Technological University, USA and is currently a Research Associate at The Petroleum Institute in Abu Dhabi. His main research interests includes Waste management, Kinetic modeling, Multi-scale modeling of transport processes using Cellular Automata, Semiconductor wafer processing, and polymer degradation. He has published numerous articles in reputed journals and has been serving as a reviewer for many international journals

Abstract:

Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process was originally developed for producing synthetic petroleum substitute from coal and liquid fuels. Carbonaceous materials, like plastics can be considered a potential feedstock resource for synthetic fuel production. The molar ratio of H2:CO should be closer to 2 in the FT feedstock in order to achieve maximum yield of product alkanes. The objective of this work is to investigate conversion of waste plastics into synthesis gas with composition and properties suitable for Fischer Tropsch applications. The product gas composition depends on a variety of factors including waste composition, gasification temperature, and composition of the gasification medium (CO2 and steam blends). The goal is to optimize these parameters such that the product gas meets the above mentioned specifications for FT synthesis. A thermodynamic model developed earlier in Aspen Plus for steam gasification of LDPE [] was extended to include mixture of different plastics (oxygenated and non-oxygenated) and gasifying medium blends. The gasifier was modeled as a Gibbs free reactor and the simulation was performed at isothermal conditions of 700, 900 and 1100 ËšC. Preliminary results analyzed at carbon boundary point indicate favorable process conditions for producing syngas and complete carbon conversion. A sensitivity analysis on the process parameters would be also presented and discussed.

Biography:

Jorge Loredo is Doctor Mining Engineer by the University of Oviedo (Spain) and Mining Geologist by Paris School of Mines (France). Has his expertise in mining wastes and environmental assessment in abandoned mine sites. Currently is Professor at the Department of Mining Exploration and Exploitation of the University of Oviedo (Spain). He has been Leader researcher in national and international research projects in the field of mining wastes assessment and management.

Abstract:

It is universally accepted by companies and administrations that the development of the extractive industry must be made in equilibria with the protection and conservation of the environment. Currently, a compromise between the exploitation of the mineral resources and the environmental protection is possible and this compromise must be reached in the framework of the applicable existing normative, taking into account the particularities of the mining activities themselves. In this context, the compromise between the exploitation of the mineral resources and the environmental protection must be contemplated by the inclusion of the environmental aspects into the all phases of the project, from the initial prospective phase to the closure phase at the end of the life of the mine, applying designs and preventive measures or in other case corrective impact measures, and incorporating to the project the environmental recuperation of the lands at the end of the project life. In this industry, the most important affections to the environment are associated to the mining wastes, then, the current philosophy in this matter is based in the principles of prevention, hierarchy, responsibility and application of the best available techniques, in order to diminish the wastes generation, to decrease the content in dangerous substances and to facilitate the recycling and valorisation of the generated wastes, by the transition to a more circular economy, where the products, the materials and the resources maintain long time in the productive cycle and the wastes generation will be reduced in origen.

Biography:

Diego Piazza has graduation at Tecnologia em Polímeros from Universidade de Caxias do Sul (2007), master's at Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais from Universidade de Caxias do Sul (2011) and doctorate at Engineering from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (2016). He is currently professor mestre (assistente) nível ii at Universidade de Caxias do Sul. He is currently a professor at the University of Caxias do Sul and has held the position of coordinator of the Polymer Technology Undergraduate Course at UCS from 2011 to 2016. He works in the field of polymer nanocomposites, coatings, materials recycling and the processing of polymeric materials by Injection, extrusion, thermoforming and rotomoulding. Participates in the UCS Entrepreneurship program. Integrates the group of researchers with The Ocean Cleanup (Holland) in the study of degradation and recovery of polymers from the marine environment. He has experience in the area of project development and research in the field of materials science and engineering, with emphasis on polymers, polymer materials processing, polymer nanocomposites, organic coatings, intelligent inks, powder paints, and materials recycling.

Abstract:

One of the major environmental problems is the issue of the contamination of marine fauna and flora. Animals are prone to death by strangulation when trying to feed, involuntarily, on polymer waste present in this environment1. Most of the plastic debris present on the coast has its origin on the inappropriate disposal2. This work aims at studying and developing a methodology for the recycling of polymers present in coastal ecosystems, comparing their properties with commercial polymers. The polymers used in the development of this work were collected at the beach of Torres/Brazil with the help of the Praia Limpa Torres team, in September, 2015. 169.0 kg of waste were collected, from which 20.8 were polymers. The presence of higher amounts of PE and PP is highlighted. After clean and dried, they were ground in a knife mill. The resulting product had an average particle size distribution of 20 mm and was separated according to different densities. Afterwards the polymers were extruded in a single-screw extruder at the temperature profile of 170/185/200°C for PE and obtained by injection, and then submitted to the flexural strength (ASTM D790), and melt flow index (performed under 190°C, 5Kg and 20s for PE; 230°C, 2.16 kg and 10s UCS; Grupo Brinox/Coza; Praia Limpa/Brazil. for PP) tests.

Biography:

Sunjung Kim currently works as a professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering in the University of Ulsan, Korea. He has expertise in the application of electrochemistry theories and experiments to various industrial fields including urban mining, mining resources development, secondary battery, microelectronics, optoelectronics etc. He obtained a M.S. and a Ph.D. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in USA after receiving a B.S. from Seoul National University in Korea. He has 4-year working experience in Samsung Electronics and LG Electronics before joining the faculty of the University of Ulsan in 2008.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Research on the recovery of heavy metals in rare earth element (REE) mine wastewater and the treatment of harmful substances have been actively carried out in order to reduce environmental pollutions and generate valuable REE-based resources. However, studies on electrolytic REE recovery directly from REE mine wastewater are very lacking because the content of REE metals contained in the wastewater is considerably low compared with its process cost and more importantly it is known that REE ions are very difficult to be electrochemically reduced to REE metals due to very low redox potentials. Findings: In this study, we propose a high-efficiency, low-cost REE recovery technology from REE mine wastewater, which is being developed using the principle of electrolytic recovery in an aqueous solution. Electrowinning of erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb) and thulium (Tm) among REEs was studied using acidic chloride solutions, and the influence of its process parameters on the chemical composition and metallurgical phases of reduced REE-based deposits was also investigated.

Biography:

Diego Piazza has graduation at Tecnologia em Polímeros from Universidade de Caxias do Sul (2007), master's at Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais from Universidade de Caxias do Sul (2011) and doctorate at Engineering from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (2016). He is currently professor mestre (assistente) nível ii at Universidade de Caxias do Sul. He is currently a professor at the University of Caxias do Sul and has held the position of coordinator of the Polymer Technology Undergraduate Course at UCS from 2011 to 2016. He works in the field of polymer nanocomposites, coatings, materials recycling and the processing of polymeric materials by Injection, extrusion, thermoforming and rotomoulding. Participates in the UCS Entrepreneurship program. Integrates the group of researchers with The Ocean Cleanup (Holland) in the study of degradation and recovery of polymers from the marine environment. He has experience in the area of project development and research in the field of materials science and engineering, with emphasis on polymers, polymer materials processing, polymer nanocomposites, organic coatings, intelligent inks, powder paints, and materials recycling.

Abstract:

PLA and PLA with triacetin (5wt%) and buriti fiber (30wt%) designed as PLA/B/T were extruded in a single-screw extruder. The product was milled, dried and compression molded in a press for 60 seconds, at 180°C to prepare test specimens with dimensions 200 mm x 100 mm and 1 mm thickness. The simulated marine environment used is provided with 7 lamps (250W) simulating ultraviolet rays. Withdrawal of samples was performed after 15, 30, 45, 60, 100 and 600 days of exposure. The morphological characterization of the sample surface was performed in a SEM. Analyses of chemical changes were monitored by FTIR, on prepared films by the KBr pellet method, in the wave number range of 4000 to 400 cm-1. Lactic acid index (ILA) was calculated as the ratio between band surfaces A1 (3200 cm-1) and A2 (750 cm-1), which is considered a PLA band.

Biography:

Lavee holds a PhD in Public Economics from the Ben-Gurion University, an MA in Economics and an MBA in Business Administration and Economics from the Hebrew University. Prof. Lavee is a member of the Department of Economics and Management at Tel-Hai Academic College. He also serves as a partner and general manager of Pareto Group Ltd. He is a well-known expert with over 22 years of experience in economic and environmental consulting, financial advisory and strategic consulting in various fields, including issues related to economic efficiency and the periphery. He has extensive experience in managing complex projects and large-scale environmental economic consulting and conducting projects for the public and government sectors, including government ministries, local authorities, government corporations and public agencies

Abstract:

Demand uncertainty may be a significant barrier for firms to enter the market. This study suggests that an establishment of a monopole which absorbs demand uncertainty by commitment to determine a long-term stable price, may be efficient by reducing the uncertainty level. An economic model examines the social welfare consequences of establishing such a monopsony in the waste recycling market in Israel. The model provides a good description of many other markets with high entry cost and price volatility. The results show that an establishment of a monopsony in the waste recycling market could be an efficient process from a social welfare perspective (welfare increasing); this depends on the market's uncertainty level and the technological changes resulting from eliminating uncertainty. In the case study shown in Israel, creating a regulation that allows larger municipalities to sell the waste at competitive prices (international market prices) and allows small municipalities to recycle at a monopsony price, will lead to improved social welfare. The novelty of this study stems from the proof that a monopsony may increase the market size in markets with high levels of uncertainty, thus increasing the consumers benefit. A monopsony creates "certainty benefits" by reducing the risk premium arising from price fluctuations and the entrance of new players, and although it gains excessive profits, the benefit of reducing uncertainty may be greater than the loss of a monopolistic exploitation.

Biography:

Nurlidia Mansor has an interest in green materials for environmental sustainability. Together with her research team she has lead national and international grants on harnessing the potential of natural products as sustainable solutions. She also has an interest in remediation technologies particularly phytoremediation as clean-up solutions for polluted soil due to anthropogenic activities. Dr. Mansor is currently attached to the Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia and is a core member of the Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Urea fertilizer is one of the most used form of fertilizer worldwide. Upon application to soil however, up to 60% will be lost to the environment via ammonia volatilization. Apart from contributing to greenhouse gasses, this phenomena reduces the efficiency of urea fertilizers as well depletes nutrient availability for plant uptake. The introduction of urease inhibitors or fertilizer additives was able to address this problem and some commercially available products claims to be able to reduce volatilization of up to 70% for a certain period of time. Nevertheless, current urease inhibitors available in the market have been shown to cause plant stress such as leaf-tip scorch, chlorosis and necrosis. The toxicity towards certain type of plants and in some reports causes side effect to users has also raised safety concerns. Therefore, a non-chemical based source of inhibitor is needed to address this issue. Studies on natural based inhibitors have found positive potential in inhibiting ammonia volatilization by blocking the site of the urease enzyme and thus temporarily inhibiting the reaction. During the inhibition period, urea fertilizer are able to travel deeper into the soil while maintaining its nutrient content until the inhibition period ends. Within the soil matrix, urea is able to be disperse efficiently as N source to plants once the inhibitory effect ends. Some studies have reported active inhibitory compounds within several natural products such as neem, garlic, cabbage, guava and others. However, these studies focused on the application in pharmaceutical studies. In agriculture, the inhibitory potential of natural based products is still lacking in information. Thus, this study looks into the potential of using agriculture waste from guava plantation with active inhibitory compounds to be used for the purpose of urea fertilizer enhancement. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Extraction of active compounds from guava agriculture waste will be conducted to analyze its inhibitory potential as well as to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration. Urea activity in soil will be measured to determine the inhibitory reaction of the natural based inhibitor with soil urease. Natural-based inhibitors will be compared with chemical-based inhibitors in its trending to determine the potential for soil urease application. Findings: The study found that the extract from agriculture waste showed potential of inhibition towards soil urease although the level of inhibition is lower than the chemical-based inhibitor. Nevertheless, the natural based inhibitors showed improved inhibition compared to the controlled samples indicating reduction in ammonia volatilization. Conclusion & Significance: The study shows the potential of guava based agricultural waste in producing the source of inhibition for potential use as fertilizer enhancers. Recommendations: It is recommended to look into the mechanism of inhibition for the natural-based inhibitor in order to understand its application in soil.

Biography:

Engr. Muhammad Junaid Munir has completed his MSc Structural Engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore. His main research is focused on the durability of concrete especially alkali silica reaction. He has published eleven (11) research papers in well reputed peer reviewed local and international journals, coordinated several national research projects and has been serving as Junior Lecturer at Mirpur University of Science and Technology, AJK, Pakistan.

Abstract:

Alkali silica reaction (ASR) is considered as the cancer of concrete. In this study, waste rice husk ash (RHA) was utilized to control ASR expansion in concrete. For this purpose, RHA was collected from local brick industry. To develop the phenomena of ASR, local reactive aggregates were used. To evaluate the ASR potential, mortar bar specimens with different RHA dosages (10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by cement weight) were prepared following ASTM C1260. Strength activity index test was performed to investigate the pozzolanic reactivity of RHA. Results showed that RHA was a pozzolanic material. For specimens incorporating 10% and 40% RHA, reduction in mortar bar expansion was observed 21% and 46%, respectively. Low calcium to silica ratio with higher alumina content was observed in mortar bar specimens during energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, which resulted into dilution process and alkali absorption. On the basis of results, it can be concluded that RHA (10%-40% in replacement of cement) can be utilized to control ASR expansion through pozzolanic reaction.

Biography:

Nacéra Rouha received the Dip.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering, the Magister degree and the Doctorat d’Etat ès Sciences in high Voltage technology from the Polytechnic High School of Algiers. Since 22 years, she joined the Electrical Engineering Department of A. MIRA University, Bejaia, Algeria, as lecturer and L.G.E.B. research laboratory as member of discharge research group. Her main research interests include diagnostics, partial discharge measurement, electrical and water trees modeling and monitoring of power cable. She is author/coauthor of many publications and international conferences papers.

Abstract:

Deal with electrical flashovers problems, silicone is the ideal material used for coating insulators systems to improve their performances. This paper deals with the thermal treatment effect on the ageing phenomenon of Silicone coated insulators in service. At this purpose, a physico-chemical experimental study of Silicone Rubber films thermally treated and untreated is undertaken. At first, accelerated electrical degradation tests were conducted under a growing alternating 50 Hz homogeneous electrical field. A series of surfacic breakdown is carried out on this polymer, in both its two states to characterize its performances by measuring the dielectric strength El, the capacitor Cx and the loss factor tgδ. The measurements are performed on virgin (Vg), electrically aged, and electrically aged-heat treated samples. In this latter case, the electrical ageing is performed on relaxed sample during 24 hours, after a heat treatment at a temperature T = 100 ° C during tT =100 hours. Cx and tgδ are measured under a root mean square voltage in the range of 10 V to 110 V with frequencies of 10 Hz to 1100 Hz using the Schering bridge. Then series of chemical analyses, as an Infrared spectroscopy and a X- Ray Diffraction were performed to monitor the degradation at microscopic scale. Electrical and chemical measurements have evidenced the constraints effects on the silicone ageing phenomenon, and a correlation between the different results was established. It has been observed that the electric stress results in the alteration of silicone dielectric properties while the thermal treatment slows down the Silicone electrical aging process. Silicone’s electrical ageing results from the production of an oxidation mechanism, a phase change (crystalline to amorphous) and a surface alteration due to the discharge occurrence. This results in the decrease in both its dielectric strength and capacity and the increase in loss factor. Heat treatment of short duration has improved the silicone dielectric properties through oxidation process activity decrease under applied electric field stress.