Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
M A Martin-Luengo
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain
Keynote: From residues and contaminated industrial effluents to renewable materials and recycled water
Time : 10:00-10:25
Biography:
M A Martin-Luengo, graduated in chemistry in 1980, and has presented her Master work and PhD on materials characterization and use, in 1981 and 1983. In the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) she has worked as a Postdoctoral researcher, and she worked in the English Scientific Engineering Research Council, preparing fuels from synthesis gas and materials for advanced applications in Belgium. Since 1992, she is CSIC´s scientific staff, working in the use of chemistry to improve sustainability, and she has collaborated in more than 25 research projects, 100 congresses, ca. 100 publications and patents. She is an RSC´s CChem and member of ACS, and other scientific organizations
Abstract:
Recycling is an opportunity to improve the management of natural resources and it has to be said that a large number of companies are at present considering the recycling of materials not only as an opportunity to reduce the environmental impact generated by these materials but also as a way to maximize their profits. The research groups presenting this work have several options in practice to recycle agri residues, very abundant in Spain due to our Mediterranean weather, i.e. catalytic processes using residues from sunflower production derived catalysts, supports for enzymatic processes using rice residues, biomaterials for tissue engineering from beer production, water decontamination with modified agri residues, etc. Using residues with proper design can decrease the use of raw materials, quite often not renewable and the energy being spent, when the need for transportation is avoided. Furthermore, an interesting meeting point between recycling and sustainability is the recovery of water from industrial effluents, especially in countries like Spain, where severe droughts are faced every year
Keynote Forum
Paul T Mativenga
The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Keynote: Resource-efficient composite recycling
Time : 10:25-10:50
Biography:
Paul T Mativenga has completed PhD in Manufacturing Engineering after an MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology from the University of Liverpool in the United Kingdom (UK). His first degree was in Industrial/Manufacturing Engineering. He currently holds a Chair in Multi-scale & Sustainable Manufacturing and is the Director of Research in the School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering at The University of Manchester in the UK as well as Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. He is a Member of the International Academy of Production Engineering (CIRP). He has published more than 120 peer reviewed scientific papers
Abstract:
Sustainability grand challenges demand that innovative manufacturing, recycling and remanufacturing processes is to be optimized to be energy and material efficient. This should be done to reduce environmental burden and process cost and also to get more from less with improved quality. My presentation will be focused on resource efficient recycling of heterogeneous composite waste material. The aim is to share some of the research focus, directions and industrial opportunities to address the growing problem of composite waste. The presentation will be based on the work being undertaken in the EXHUME project “Efficient X-sector use of Heterogeneous Materials in Manufacturing
- Track 1:Recycling BasicsTrack 5:E- Waste Recycling and management
Location: EBRE
Chair
Jorge Castilla Gomez
Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Co-Chair
Arvind Jayant
Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, India
Session Introduction
Anna Chrobok
Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Title: Recoverable and recyclable catalysts for sustainable chemical processes
Time : 11:10-11:35
Biography:
Anna Chrobok, Dsc has completed her PhD in 2001 from Silesian University of Technology. In 2002 she was taking the Postdoctoral fellowship at University of Vienna. Now, she is Associate Professor and the Head of Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry at Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry (Gliwice, Poland). She has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals. Her main fields of interest are: chemical technology, green chemistry, oxidation processes and ionic liquids.
Abstract:
There is continued pressure on chemical and pharmaceutical industries to reduce chemical waste and improve the selectivity and efficiency of synthetic processes. The need to implement green chemistry principles is a driving force towards the development of recoverable and recyclable catalysts. A typical chemical process generates products and wastes from raw materials such as substrates, solvents and reagents. The prevention of waste can be achieved if most of the reagents and the solvent are recyclable. The design and synthesis of recoverable catalysts is a highly challenging interdisciplinary field combining chemistry, materials science engineering with economic and environmental objectives. Recyclability can either be achieved when the catalyst is bound to a solid phase, or when its solubility characteristics are modified so that it can readily be separated from the product by extraction during work-up. For example, catalysts and reagents such as acids and bases that are bound to a solid phase can be filtered off, and can be regenerated and reused in a subsequent run. Case studies concerning the recoverable and recyclable catalysts for chemical processes like oxidation of alcohols and ketones, alkylation of aromatic compounds and Diels-Alder reaction will be presented. The main emphasis will be placed on the application of ionic liquids as both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Recycling of ionic liquids prevents them from ending up in the aquatic environment, as their low volatility prevents them from release into the atmosphere. Additionally the possibility of designing of recyclable biocatalysts will be demonstrating.
Cyril Aymonier
Chemistry Institute of Condensed Matter of Bordeaux (ICMCB-CNRS), France
Title: Supercritical fluids based technologies for recycling
Time : 11:35-12:00
Biography:
Cyril Aymonier is currently CNRS researcher at the “Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB)” and head of the ‘Supercritical Fluids’ department (25 people). He has co-authored 90 refereed articles, 6 book chapters, 14 patents and has given 29 invited lectures. He was awarded by the CNRS bronze medal 2011 for his scientific achievements. His current research interest concerns the study of chemistry in supercritical fluids and the associated processes for the controlled design of high quality nanostructures and materials recycling.
Abstract:
Supercritical fluids have been investigated for more than 20 years for chemical reactions and processes. Especially, water above its critical point (Tc = 374°C, pc = 22.1 MPa, ρc = 0.322 g.cm-3) exhibits remarkable tunable properties and has been at the origin of major developments in the field of environment: supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) for wastewater treatment and supercritical water hydrolysis (SCWH) for biomass conversion and recycling. After a brief introduction to supercritical fluids (specific properties and industrial development), we will present two major aspects of materials’ recycling using supercritical water: recycling of plastics and composite materials. Chemical recycling of plastics using supercritical fluids has been developed extensively in Japan since 1995 with the depolymerization of condensation polymers into their monomers. The example of PolyEthylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles recycling is significant in term of quantity but also of development of supercritical fluid based recycling technologies. Beyond plastics recycling, in the last five years, hydrolysis in near and supercritical fluids of thermosetting resins (phenol and epoxy resins) has attracted a great interest among the scientific community to recover materials like carbon fibers, with a high added value, without degrading the fibers mechanical properties.We will show that hydrolysis reaction can be completed with alcoholysis reaction using near and supercritical alcohols. Other applications of this technology are under investigation as the recycling of non-metallic fractions from printed circuit boards’wastes, of food packagingor still the recovery of silicon from silicon sludge.
Jorge Castilla Gómez
Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Title: Urban mining: The way to reach a real sustainability
Time : 12:00-12:25
Biography:
Jorge Castilla Gómez has completed his PhD in Mining Engineering from Technical University of Madrid. Currently he is a lecturer, researcher and consultant in the Department of Geological and Mining Engineering. His research field is focused in environmental impacts of mining operations and also he has experience in construction and demolition waste recycling, when he worked in a demolition company. Furthermore he has developed his career working for the International Technical Services Department in an International Mining Supplies Company.
Abstract:
Nowadays mining projects are focused on the implementation of techniques and methods which minimize the impact on environment, ensuring that the mining production has to fill the society needs. Because of that, mining projects are being modified to fit with sustainable development requirements. The problem is that, strictly speaking, “classical” mining never could reach the sustainability, basically because of mineral deposits are limited, and it is impossible to ensure the same production ratio for future generations. That means the depleted mineral deposits could not be mined again.The alignment of the mining projects to maintain a high rate of exploitation with the need to maintain a high degree of environmental protection makes necessary to promote the exploration of “alternative deposits”.Thus, the development of secondary resources, coming from the recycling of manufactured products is discovering new applications which are becoming profitable. There are daily products, mainly electric and electronic devices, which contain high metal concentration based on complex mixtures. The metal content of these products could be big enough to consider the end of life of these elements as a raw material to be used in the manufacturing process of new ones. The use of those secondary mineral deposits is known as “Urban Mining”. Urban mining could be considered as the way to take out profitable metals from a certain device. Metals considered as a target for that are: gold, silver, platinum and copper, also electronic devices, such as mobile phones, have considerable rare earths content. The challenge which urban mining has is that there are no methods to recycle the most part of valuable metal content. Overcoming these challenges make it possible to achieve the scope of global sustainability in mining.
Ana de Guzmán Báez
Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Title: Gypsum to Gypsum (GtoG): The European life project that aims to transform the gypsum waste market
Time : 13:10-13:35
Biography:
Ana de Guzmán is an architect and holds a master degree in Bioclimatic Architecture and Environment as well as a master degree in Techniques and Systems in Buildings. Since 2009, she is member of the research group Sustainability in Construction and Industry from the Technical University of Madrid (giSCI-UPM). She has participated in the definition and development of several RTD projects and she is currently working on her PhD Thesis, within the topic Construction and Demolition Waste Management and Recycling
Abstract:
The GtoG project is working for creating a recycling culture of gypsum products, changing the way this waste is usually treated in construction, renovation and demolition works, with the aim of achieving higher gypsum recycling rates in Europe and promoting selective deconstruction practices. For this purpose, five demolition companies, one demolition consultant, two gypsum waste processors, five plasterboard manufacturers and three academic partners, leaded by Euro gypsum (the European association of plaster and plasterboard manufacturers), are working together in this large consortium with representation in 7 European countries. A preliminary study on current practices was completed in 2013 and in 2014 the demonstration activities on deconstruction, processing of gypsum waste and reincorporation of recycled gypsum were conducted. During 2015 different results will be delivered, such as a European Handbook of best practices for controlled deconstruction of gypsum systems and the carbon footprint assessment comparing the recycling route versus land filling. The final results will include a report on best practices and the roadmap for the future implementation of a sustainable value chain
Hojae Shim
University of Macau, China
Title: Cost reduction for biodiesel production from distillery/domestic mixed wastewater by Rhodosporidium toruloide
Time : 13:35-14:00
Biography:
Hojae Shim is currently working as an Associate Professor in department of Civil Engineering at University of Macau, China. He completed his PhD in Environmental Science Engineering, Ohio State University, USA. His research interests includes Environmental Biotechnology, Biological Wastewater Treatment and Effluent Reuse, Biogas/Biodiesel Production from Waste/Wastewater, Bioremediation of Contaminated Environments, Bio filtration and Biodegradation/Biotransformation
Abstract:
Many studies have been focusing on the production of microbial lipid to generate biodiesel from sterile wastewater while removing part of organic matters. Our previous study showed that lipids could be produced from non-sterile distillery wastewater using the increased initial cell density of oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides while generating lots of spent seed culture medium. This study explores the reuse potential of spent seed culture medium while saving resource and cost. When the medium was used for the 2nd and 3rd times without addition of extra nutrient, the biomass produced was around 3.17 and 2.65 g/L respectively. The cells produced in the 2nd time reused medium without extra nutrient showed similar performance to the fresh mediumin lipid production (biomass 7.42±0.31 g/L, lipid yield 2.74±0.42 g/L and lipid content 36.90±4.36%) and removal efficiencies for organics and nutrients (chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal of 86.47±1.40%, 50.73±6.15% and 74.36±3.39% respectively) in non-sterile distillery and domestic mixed wastewater (1:1, v/v) after two-day cultivation. Around 30% reduction in the material cost for the medium preparation could be achieved by the spent medium reuse
Renata Alves de Toledo
University of Macau, China
Title: Enhanced removal of BTEX/TCE/cis-DCE mixture using waste scrap tires immobilized with indigenous Pseudomonas sp.
Time : 14:00-14:25
Biography:
Renata Alves de Toledo completed her PhD degree in Analytical Chemistry from University of São Paulo (IQSC- USP, Brazil) in 2006. She worked as a Postdoctoral fellow at the Brazilian Organization for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA, São Carlos, Brazil) until 2008. Currently, she is a Postdoctoral fellow in environmental area at University of Macau, Faculty of Science and Technology. She has been involved in research projects on bioremediation of volatile organic compounds and on biodiesel production from yeast and microalga while treating food industrial wastewater
Abstract:
The simultaneous aerobic removal of a mixture of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, o,m,p-xylene), cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) from the artificially contaminated water using an indigenous bacterial isolate identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida immobilized on waste scrap tires was investigated. Suspended and immobilized conditions were compared for the enhanced removal of these volatile organic compounds. For the immobilized system, toluene, benzene and ethylbenzene were completely removed while the highest removal efficiencies of 99.0±0.1%, 96.8±0.3%, 73.6±2.5%, and 61.6±0.9% were obtained for o-xylene,m,p-xylene, TCE and cis-DCE respectively. The sorption kinetics of contaminants toward tire surface was also evaluated and the sorption capacity generally followed the order of toluene> benzene> m,p-xylene> o-xylene> ethylbenzene> TCE> cis- DCE. Scrap tires showed a good capability for the simultaneous sorption and bioremoval of BTEX/cis-DCE/TCE mixture implying a promising waste material for the removal of contaminants mixture from industrial wastewater or contaminated groundwater
Janez Turk
Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Slovenia
Title: Tar-containing reclaimed asphalt–environmental assessments for two treatment scenarios (incineration versus recycling)
Time : 14:25-14:50
Biography:
Janez Turk has completed his PhD in year 2010 at University of Nova Gorica (Slovenia). He worked on different fields of environmental sciences. From the year 2012, he is employed at Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, where he made a specialization for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). One of his main interests is LCA studies with regard to recycling of construction and industrial wastes and management alternatives of different waste materials.
Abstract:
Life Cycle Assessment analysis was carried out in order to evaluate quantitatively the environmental burdens related to two possible treatment scenarios for tar-containing reclaimed asphalt pavements. About 4500 tons of this hazardous waste material was obtained during the reconstruction of the runwayat Ljubljana Airport. According to the first scenario, this material could be transported to a suitable incineration plant where the hazardous compounds would be decomposed. According to the second scenario, it could be treated as a recycled aggregate, and used for the production of lean concretefor different civil engineering applications, in which case 40 wt. % of the natural aggregates would be replaced by reclaimed asphalt. The hazardous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonswould be immobilised in the concrete. The results of LCA analysis showed that the incineration scenario has an especially significant impact on energy consumption, as well as on Abiotic Depletion Potential and Global Warming Potential. The reason for this can be found in the energy needs at the incineration plant for the maintenance of high combustion temperatures, since the net generation of energy is low during the incineration of low calorific reclaimed asphalt. In the case of the recycling scenario, the results of the study showed only a slight burden or even a benefit for all of the studied environmental indicators. This is a direct consequence of the reduced extraction and production of natural aggregate.
Frederik De Pesseroey
Business Consultant for Waste Management, Belgium
Title: Innovation in municipal waste collection systems
Time : 14:50-15:15
Biography:
Frederik De Pesseroey has 13 years of experience in the waste and recycling department of the city of Antwerp, Belgium. He approaches the topic from various angles, like policy, management and staffing. Between the several engineers and other technicians in the field, he stays alert for customer’s perspectives and the behavioural aspect of waste management. He's got a Master's degree in political and social sciences, hence his interest in this behavioural angle: raise awareness to achieve a clean city, measure the impact of different waste collection systems, survey on user experiences, develop methods to enhance the recycling rates, and so on. Since the beginning of this year, he started as a freelance business consultant for waste management
Abstract:
Did you know that the speed of innovation is linked to the total number of people living on the planet. If you look at history, the world population explosion is a recent phenomenon. Today, we are halfway the S-curve. The pace of innovation still accelerates, either in waste management. In the next 10 or 20 years, 3 billion new middle class consumers will arise. Linearity is dead, if you look at the (price) evolution of our resources. Innovations in resource management are hot. We see a lot of engineers focusing on closing the loops and the technical part of resource efficiency. Also in waste collection systems, we see a lot of innovations. It's not obvious that, in the 21th century, we still collect our waste as in the 19th century. Migration to the cities still continues. We are going to live with more people on the same space. The demand for housing rises. Private living area decreases. We have less space to manage waste at home. A spectrum of innovations in bring-your-waste systems emerge. Ten years ago, the main driver for companies to start with “self-service policy” solutions was efficiency (e.g. cost reduction). Today's consumers see self-service as the perfect solution for their demands. Also in waste collection systems, we see this shift from people service (door-to-door collection) to self-service (bring-your-waste systems). In door-to-door collection, we see less innovation, but they are still inspiring for thinly populated areas. And some of them, we can use in all areas. Consumer’s perspectives in waste management, is a big challenge for the industry.
Kyeong Woo Chung
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Korea
Title: Selective leaching of rare earth elements from NdFeB powders via alkaline treatment and thermal oxidation
Time : 15:15-15:40
Biography:
Kyeong Woo Chung has completed his PhD from Yonsei University and had worked for Hyundai Motors Group. He is the senior researcher of KIGAM. He has published many papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Journal of Korea Institute of Resource Recycling
Abstract:
In this study, a new approach for recovering Rare earth elements(REEs) from NdFeB scraps through the alkaline treatment and leaching was attempted. Alkaline treatment has been traditionally applied for the hydrometallurgical process of monazite ores to convert REEs phosphates to soluble REEs hydroxides. It can be performed at a relatively low temperature around 100oC and an ambient pressure without any special equipment. In addition, REEs hydroxides are easily and quickly dissolved in weakly acidic solution. Therefore, the present work applied alkaline treatment to the recycling process of NdFeB alloys and investigated not only the leaching behavior of the resultant powders but also the separation efficiency of REEs and iron.The alkaline treatment of NdFeB powders in NaOH and the oxidation roasting were performed and the leaching of the resultant powers was carried out in HCl solution. Using this method, high leaching yields of REEs of more than 90% are obtained while the leaching yield of iron is lower than 1%. Therefore, high selective leaching efficiency of more than 80 is obtained.
Arvind Jayant
Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, India
Title: Evaluation of EOL/used cell phones management & disposal alternatives: An ANP and balanced scorecard approach
Time : 16:00-16:25
Biography:
Arvind Jayant is presently working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Head, Department of Disabilities Studies, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Deemed University, Longowal, Punjab, India (Established by MHRD, Govt. of India). His research area expertise includes Supply Chain Management, Reverse Logistics & Simulation of Manufacturing System. He has published more than 100 research papers in International/national journals. He has completed three sponsored research projects of Rs. 10 Millions funded by MSJE, MHRD and CSIR. He is the members of different professional bodies like ISTE, ISME, IWS, IIE (USA), IACSIT (Singapore), IAEngg. (Hongkong). He had visited USA, Japan, England, Nepal and Singapore
Abstract:
Sustainable remanufacturing of mobile phones must meet the challenges of continuously falling prices for new phone models, short life cycles, disassembly of unfriendly designs and prohibiting transport, labor and machining costs in developing countries. One of the important problems faced by the top management in the mobile manufacturing/remanufacturing industries is the evaluation of various alternatives for end-of-life (EOL) mobile phones. EOL mobile phones should be managed carefully because of hazardous content especially in developing countries. The main objective of this study was to analyze the current status of used & end-of-life (EOL) management in Indian business environment, and to investigate the most appropriate EOL cell phone management and disposal option by using Analytic network process (ANP) based decision model. For this purpose, five different EOL cell phones management/disposal alternatives including Repair, Refurbishing & Reuse (RRR), Cannibalization, Remanufacturing & Reuse (CRR), Incineration with energy recovery for most of the elements & disposal to landfill for a few elements (INC), Recycling of complete mobile phone for material recovery (REC) and Disposal of Whole Product to Landfill (LND) were evaluated according to multi-criteria decision making technique ANP. In this context, benefits, costs and risks for the alternatives were taken into consideration. Data was collected and analyzed in order to quantify the environmental and economic outcomes of the current business environment. In the proposed model, uncertainties regarding quantity and conditions of mobile phones, reliability of capacities, processing times, and demand are considered. The few dimensions of reverse logistics for the EOL mobile phones have been taken from four perspectives derived from balanced scorecard approach, viz. finance, social, green business and internal operational perspective. The present approach links the financial and non-financial, tangible and intangible, internal and external factors, thus providing a holistic framework for the selection of an alternative for the reverse logistics operations for EOL cell phones. Many criteria, sub-criteria, determinants, etc. for the selection of reverse manufacturing options are interrelated. The ability of ANP to consider interdependencies among and between levels of decision attributes makes it an attractive multi-criteria decision-making tool. Thus, a combination of balanced scorecard and ANP-based approach proposed in this paper provides a more realistic and accurate representation of the problem for conducting reverse logistics operations for EOL cell phones.
Igharo O G
University of Benin & University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Title: Occupational exposure to E-Waste and risk of cancer development: Evidence from south-South Nigeria
Time : 16:25-16:50
Biography:
Igharo O G holds a bachelor’s degree in Medical Laboratory Science and a Master’s degree in Applied Biochemistry. He is Currently Pursuing a Doctorate degree in Chemical Pathology/Toxicology. He is a certified Medical Laboratory Scientist and a University Lecturer in Nigeria
Abstract:
Nigeria remains the destination for uncontrolled volume of electronic waste (e-waste) in Africa and to date; management practices for imported and locally generated e-waste remain completely primitive. It was recently documented that the majority (88.8%) of Nigerian e-waste workers (with exposure burden of ≥6 hours per day; ≥6 days per week) worked without personal protective devices regardless of the volume of toxic substances, some of which are known carcinogens, documented to be found in e-waste. In this pilot study, blood levels of key toxic metals [Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr)]; status of enzymatic and non- enzymatic biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels as cancer risk prediction indices were determined inNigerians occupationally exposed to e-waste (n=63) and in age-matched unexposed participants (n=41) in Benin City, South-South Nigeria. Whole blood levels of Pb, As, Cd and Cr were determined using standard electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry while Hg was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers [Malondialdehyde (MDA), Uric acid (UA), Albumin (ALB), Total bilirubin (TBil) and Conjugated bilirubin (Cbil)] and activities of enzymatic antioxidants [Glutathione reductase (Gr), Catalase (Cat), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were determined using standard colorimetric methods. Levels of PSA and AFP in serum were determined using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay. The results showed a significantly elevated body burden of toxic metals in e-waste workers compared with unexposed group. Lipid peroxidation biomarker (MDA and UA) levels were significantly raised in e-waste workers compared with unexposed group.In addition, CAT, SOD and GPx were significantly reduced in e-waste workers compared with unexposed group. Comparatively different observations were not registered in the activity of GR and levels of ALB, TBil and CBil between exposed and unexposed participants. PSA and AFP levels in e-waste workers were significantly elevated compared with the non-exposed group. In addition, 26% of e-waste workers compared with 11% of unexposed participants registered values higher than the reference range of PSA (0-4.0 ng/mL) used for healthy subjects. The findings in this study suggest that the elevated body burden of toxic metals and the significantly high oxidative stress in the e-waste exposed population may be an indication of occupational metal toxicity associated with crude e-waste management practices in Nigeria. The observed significantly high oxidative may be a predictive mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis in Nigerian e-waste workers and the elevated cancer risk biomarkers (PSA and AFP) in the e-waste workers may be associated with occupational exposure to known carcinogens in e-waste.
Kyoungphile Nam
Seoul National University, South Korea
Title: Assessment of ecological impact of blast oxygen furnace slag used as a fill material on the surrounding environments
Time : 16:50-17:15
Biography:
Kyoungphile Nam has completed his PhD from Cornell University in 1998. Currently, he is Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea and he also serves as the Director of Remediation Technology and Risk Assessment Center. His major research fields are soil and groundwater remediation and risk assessment. He has published more than 60 papers in peer-reviewed journals and has been serving as an Editor for Clean-Soil Air Water since 2006
Abstract:
Steel slag generated from basic oxygen furnace (BOF) can be successfully used as construction aggregates especially for a fill material. BOF slag contains, to some extents, heavy metals originating from iron-bearing mother rocks and fluoride from calcium fluoride (CaF2). The inorganics can be present as either environmentally resistant or readily desorbing forms and such easily released heavy metals and fluoride can pose adverse impacts on the surrounding ecosystems (i.e., soil and surface water). In this study, leaching potential of inorganics from BOF slag and ferro-nickel slag were tested. Batch type leaching tests including USEAP methods (TCLP and SPLP) and an EU method (EN 12457) were conducted to determine the intrinsic leaching potential. Continuous column test was also performed to predict the long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals and fluoride. Leaching rates of heavy metals and fluoride depending on liquid-to-solid ratios were derived from the BOF-packed column and percolation-controlled scenario was employed to predict the release behaviors for 100 years. For ecological impact analysis, Hazardous Concentration (HC) 5 values for each element were obtained by establishing species sensitivity distribution curves which was considered as Predicted-No-Effective-Concentrations (PNECs). The predicted concentrations obtained from this study were used as Predicted-Effective-Concentrations (PECs) and the ratio of PEC to PNEC was used for the determining index of potential ecological risk. In addition, the impact of BOF slag leachate on soil environment was assessed by analyzing the structure of microbial community, plant germination test and earthworm toxicity test