Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Jonathan W C Wong
Hong Kong Baptist University, China
Keynote: Decentralized composting for food waste management
Time : 09:00:09:25
Biography:
Jonathan W C Wong is currently a Professor in the Department of Biology at the Hong Kong Baptist University and the Directors of Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for the Pearl River Delta Environment (ARCPE) and Hong Kong Organic Resource Centre. He received his BSc (Hons.) and MPhilfrom the Chinese University of Hong Kong and his PhD in environmental science from Murdoch University, Western Australia. His major research areas include anaerobic digestion and composting of organic wastes for energy and biomass production and waste separation and recycling. He has a cumulative funding of over HK$70 million and published over 350 papers in journals and conference proceedings. He was awarded the Medal of Honor (MH) and Justice of Peace (JP) by the Hong Kong Government for his valuable contribution to the promotion of environmental protection and to the wellbeing of the public.
Abstract:
Nearly one third representing about 1.3 billion tons/year of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally and is mostly landfilled. This landfilled waste emits greenhouse gases, produces contaminated leachate and uses valuable land. Therefore, diverting the food waste for biological treatment such as composting would reduce the environmental impact and produce value added product. However, collecting the food waste from domestic sector is a challenge when the centralized-composting is targeted. In contrast, small-scale decentralized composting at the community level is a viable option to obtain the organic wastes of good quality suitable for composting. Food wastes are ideal substrates for composting as they can produce good quality compost due to the very little concern of contaminants. However, the composting process of food wastes is a bit complex than other organic wastes due to the generation of organic acids during the rapid degradation of easily available organic matter. Accumulation of organic acids acidifies the composting mass and cause failure and emission of acidic odour. In addition, significant quantities of protein and fat contents also create odour and operational problems, respectively. Addition of alkaline compounds are generally practiced to control the pH however, this practice results in ammonia emission and nitrogen loss from the composter resulting in the production of compost with low nutrient content affecting its marketing value. Emission of odour reduces the acceptance of composting as the treatment technology in urban settings. Another critical issue of these composters is that the fed-batch mode of feeding and the mixing affects the retention of composting mass in the reactor for sufficient period time that leads to production of immature compost requiring further curing. Therefore controlling the acidity and odour, reducing the nutrient loss and achieving a stable operation are the keys for the successful decentralized composting. Addition of lime at 2-4% is effective to neutralize the acids generated during food waste composting but the nitrogen loss was about 44% of the total nitrogen. Alternatively, addition of zeolite at 5-10% showed a similar effect and also reduced the nitrogen loss by 34% compared with lime. In addition, zeolite accelerated the composting reduced the salinity and odour. During the entire operation, the odour intensity was <2 D/T. Use of effective oil degrading bacterial consortium effectively improved the physical structure of the composting mass in the reactor that promoted rapid composting. Mature composts could be obtained within 4 weeks with the bacterial inoculation and alkaline addition. Furthermore, addition of inorganic salts to induce struvite formation was shown to reduce the nitrogen loss but controlling the salinity is the challenge. Thus, an integrated approach of inoculating effective microorganisms to breakdown the oil/lipid and alleviating the acidity and odour through alkaline/struvite agents is an effective approach. However, a balance must be maintained to achieve the desired results. This presentation will share the approaches to overcome the challenges and the success achieved with the community-level food waste composters.
Keynote Forum
Takashi Nakamura
Tohoku University, Japan
Keynote: Urban mining development of critical metals from WEEE
Time : 09:25-09:50
Biography:
Takashi Nakamura completed his MA Sc in Metallurgy from Kyushu University, Japan in 1974, PhD in Metallurgy in 1979 from the same university. He became Lecturer in Kyushu Institute of Technology (1977), Associate Professor (1981) and Professor (1991). In 1998, he was appointed as a Professor at Institute for Advanced Materials Processing, Tohoku University and from 2001 to till date he is a Professor at Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University.
Abstract:
Word of “Urban mining” is one of important message to achieve a sustainable development in future.If any recovery system is not taken into consideration, critical metals will dissipate all over the land in the future. In the case of WEEE, however when Cu, Au and Ag are collected for recycling, rare metals can also begathered with them. If critical metals are separated from WEEE by proper technique and are accumulated for reservation, we can consider them as resources. A possibility of critical metals recycling was shown in this presentation that could have a self-supporting economical system by devising the collection system and by changing the recycling system related with a commercial transaction.WEEE are dismantled and crushed to various parts in first step after collecting. There are many methods for dismantling such as hand-picking and for crushing such as shredding. Sorting techniques are applied to separate each material for example iron & steels, non-ferrous alloys including aluminum and copper and plastics. These sorting techniques are not only real sorting processes but include gravity separation, magnetic separation and so on which are mainly used for processing of old minerals. Also in the case of metallurgical production with its intrinsic potential of smelting, extraction, enrichment and separation methods, related technology and process flow sheets each with their own selectivity and yield play an important role in the context of minor rare metals.
- Track 7:Metal waste and plastic recycling Track 8:Industrial waste recycling Track 11:Food waste recycling Track 13:Recycling of Glass, Paper, Wood, Textile and Building materials
Location: EBRE
Chair
Jonathan W C Wong
Hong Kong Baptist University, China
Co-Chair
Takashi Nakamura
Tohoku University, Japan
Session Introduction
Yong-Chul Jang
Chungnam National University, South Korea
Title: Material flow analysis and recycling system of mercury-containing fluorescent lamps in Korea
Time : 09:50-10:15
Biography:
Yong-Chul Jang is a Professor in the Department of Environmental Engineering at Chungnam National University in South Korea. He has completed his PhD in 2000 and Postdoctoral studies from University of Florida, USA. He is an Editor-in-Chief in Korean Journal of Waste Management and Associate Editor in Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. He has published more than 50 scientific papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
As fluorescent lampsare frequently replaced at households, large amounts of used or waste mercury-containing fluorescent lamps are generated each year. Improper disposal may pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. Thus, environmentally sound management of used fluorescent lamps is very important. In Korea, used fluorescent lamps have been included in the extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy since 2004 to more effectively recover and recycle them from consumers and reduce their impacts on the environment. This paper examined the material flow analysis (MFA) of fluorescent lamps in Korea to determine the flow of fluorescent lamps and mercury by life cycle stages. The results were based on field site visits tothe used fluorescent lamps recycling facilities, the review of available literature and interviews with the recycling companies and environmental regulatory authorities
Alabadan B A
Federal University, Nigeria
Title: Production of bio-diesel from used groundnut oil from bosso market, Minna, Niger state, Nigeria
Time : 10:15-10:40
Biography:
Prof. Alabadan was born in Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria. His scholarly voyage saw him attend St. John's African Church Primary School, Ikere-Ekiti (1976), the famous school without failures, African Church Comprehensive High School, Ikere-Ekiti (1982), the Federal University of Technology, Akure (1989) for a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Agricultural Engineering, the prestigious University of Ibadan (1992,2002) for his postgraduate programmes in Agricultural Engineering. He was two times MASHAV scholar to the Research Institute, Volcanic Campus, Bet Dagan, Israel (2007) for Certificate in Research and Development in Postharvest Practices and Shefayim, Israel (2015) for Certificate in Climate Change and Agriculture
Abstract:
Biodiesel is a clean burning diesel fuel processed from natural and renewable biological sources such as waste cooking oil, rape seed, Jatropha seed, animals fats and refined bleached deodorized palm oil. The transesterification of used cooking oil with short-chain alcohols in the presence of base catalyst sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and methanol as solvent by means of single step batch transesterification process in order to obtain biodiesel fuel was studied using a reaction ratio of 6:1 for alcohol to oil ratio. The oil was heated in a water bath. The process variables that were investigated are catalyst concentration and reaction time. The variable that was fixed throughout the whole experiment was quantity of used vegetable oil, mixing degree of mechanical stirrer at 1300 rpm and alcohol to oil ratio. The oil was divided into three samples namely, 1, 2 and 3. The biodiesel yield for the samples are 58 ml, 79 ml and 70 ml respectively while the glycerine yield for the samples were 19 ml, 19 ml and 20 ml respectively. The reaction times for the three samples are 60, 90 and 120 minutes respectively. The best result for highest yield and highest purity is at 90 minutes reaction time and 1.5 g catalyst concentration. Sample 2 was found to have the highest cetane rating closer to the ASTM standard which implies that sample 2 will be a more efficient fuel than the other two samples, guarantee smooth running of the engine as well as burn cleaner
Hai M Duong
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Cellulose aerogels from paper waste for oil spill cleaning and heat insulation of buildings
Time : 10:40-11:05
Biography:
Hai M Duong has attracted visibility to his research through Postdoctoral scholarships (MIT, USA; University of Cambridge, UK and University of Tokyo, Japan), awards, publications and invitations to international meetings. His core research interests are carbon nanotube (CNT) and aerogel materials and their applications. He has contributed 1 granted patent, 3 invited book chapters, more than 120 published peer-review papers and international conference proceedings. He has been an Editorial Member of International Journal of Aeronautical Science & Aerospace Research (IJASAR), a Key Member of Functional Materials Society in Singapore, a Member of 4 international conference committees and the Reviewer of 37 preferred journals
Abstract:
The patent WO 2014/178797 of “A polysaccharide aerogel” granted on 6 November 2014 can help to solve environmental problems of Singapore and around the world tremendously by re-using paper waste. The cellulose aerogel was invented from recycled cellulose fibers of paper waste having larger diameters and lengths of 10-50 mm and 0.3-5 mm than those of nanoscale cellulose fibers of previous studies respectively. The developed cellulose aerogel was coated with at least one type of surface modifier like MTMS to make it oleophilic for oil absorbent but excluding water absorbent. The recycled cellulose aerogel was very cost-effective, flexible, squeezable, had a very low thermal conductivity like air and much larger pore sizes (micrometer range, 30-250 mm) than those synthesized from high purity cellulose fibers (nanometer range). The large size of the aerogel pores makes the aerogel to absorb liquids with high viscosity like crude oils up to four times more than current commercial sorbents. The cellulose aerogel having a surface modifier (silane groups) was stable at least six months in tropical weather. The recycled cellulose aerogel can be used as eco-friendly sorbents with high absorption for cleaning oil spills (potential market: $143.5 billion in 2015), water repellent and eco-friendly heat insulators for buildings (potential market: $3.3 billion dollar), piping and clothing
Ola A Mohamed
National Research Centre, Egypt
Title: E-BABE-Recycling leather wastes in carton industry
Time : 11:45-12:10
Biography:
Ola A Mohamed completed her PhD at age 30 years. She is a Professor in chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, Chemical, Industries Division, National Research Centre, Egypt.
Abstract:
Wastes extracted from tanning leather industry were grinded into nanoparticles size and treated with flame retardant materials. The treated leather wastes were then added with different concentrations during carton sheet hand-making. The influence of these leather wastes on flame retardancy and thermal stability of the produced paper sheets were investigated by flame test and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Furthermore, physical properties; permeability, opacity and brightness and mechanical; tear strength, burst, tensile strength, were evaluated. The surface morphology of the paper sheets was studied using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). We succeeded in producing carton sheets with improved flame retardant based on addition of treated and untreated leather wastes as additives during sheet formation. Furthermore the physical and mechanical properties were unchanged.
S M Pérez-Moreno
University of Huelva, Spain
Title: Potential valorizations of artificial gypsum generated in the manufacture of titanium dioxide pigments
Time : 12:10-12:35
Biography:
S M Pérez-Moreno is a PhD student whose line of research is science and environmental technology and it is geared to the valorization of industrials inorganic waste. She belongs to the Research Group FRYMA (Physics of radiation and Environment), Department of Applied Physics of the University of Huelva. During two years of her research career, she has published two papers in international journals (Web of Science of Thomson Reuters) derived from the work done on characterization and valorization of red gypsum. She has participated in 3 international conferences with an oral presentation and two posters
Abstract:
In the southwest of Spain, is located an industry engaged in the production of titanium dioxide, a pigment that delivers whiteness, brightness and opacity to a vast range of products from coatings and polymers to cosmetics and food. The industry generates a waste with high content of Ca called red gypsum (RG) due to its high level of iron and another one from the un attacked mineral (ilmenite) called also tionite by the industry. In the same way, it releases large amount of CO2 into the atmosphere due to the final calcination done the TiO2 pulp to convert it to pigment in the anatase form. Currently these wastes have no commercial value and therefore they are disposed of in an authorized and controlled repository area generating this management a high cost to the company and a future impact to the environment. Considering the above problems, the main objective established for this work was valorizing these inorganic wastes through commercial applications by two different ways. Firstly, as a potential building material to manufacture fire-resistant panels and secondly as a source of calcium for CO2 sequestration by an indirect carbonation process. In order to develop these purposes and assess the correct technical behavior and the environmental impact, the waste and materials obtained from them underwent to an exhaustive physicochemical characterization by XRF, ICP-MS, XRD, TGA, SEM, Fire-resistance tests and finally the natural radionuclides were measured by alpha-particle spectrometry due to this activity is a NORM industry (NORM=Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material). The most relevant results have demonstrated that red gypsum could be used to build fire-resistant panels, since it do not undergo significant chemical and structural changes up to about 1000oC. Furthermore, RG has high carbonation efficiency (92%), when sodium hydroxide is used as extraction agent making it an excellent sequestration agent of CO2 that could contribute to reduce the CO2 released by industries into the atmosphere
Roy Nir Lieberman
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientÃficas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Title: Fly ash: A potential scrubber for phosphate and quarries wastes from the Israel and Palestinian authority industries
Time : 12:35-13:00
Biography:
Roy Nir Lieberman has completed his PhD from Bar Ilan University. He is doing his Postdoctoral Research in the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) in Barcelona, Spain
Abstract:
Israel imports ~13Mt of Bituminous coal annually. The pulverized coal is fired in 4 coal power plants and produce ~1.3M tons of coal Fly Ash (FA) and ~180k ton of bottom ash (in 2013) as a residue. Moreover, Air Quality regulations in Israel forbid emissions of toxic pollutants (example S, Hg) therefore; the coal undergoes beneficiation process in order to reduce its mineral content including sulfur and mercury. These results in formation of alkaline fly ashes (Class F), therefore are very basic upon immersion in water (liquid/solid ratio 10/1, South African Fly Ash, SAFA, pH>12.5, Colombian Fly Ash, COFA, pH>10.5). Today, ~100% of the coal fly ash are utilized is in the construction industry although it is known that it can neutralize acidic mine drainage therefore the fly ash can also be referred as chemical reagent. Therefore the possibility of using the fly ash as a chemical reagent to neutralize and also fixate different wastes is investigated in this study. Two wastes have been studied: (1) Acidic wastes either from the phosphate industry or the regeneration processes of used motor oil (viaOleum extraction). (2) Quarries sludges which consider hazardous. The results have shown that the FAs can act as an efficient encapsulation reagent for these wastes. Moreover, leaching experiments via the European Directive (EN12457-2) methods have proved that the aggregate products are in accord with the compliance test for leaching and the leached water is within the D L standards in Israel and also under the hazardous limits of the European Directive
Raquel GarcÃa Pacheco
IMDEA Water Institute, Spain
Title: Evaluation of the ppm-h concept for end-of-life RO membrane into recycled NF and UF membranes
Time : 13:00-13:25
Biography:
Raquel García Pacheco completed her project Master’s degree in Hydrology and Water Resources (UAH-URJC, Madrid, 2010-2011) and the degree in Chemical Engineering (URJC, Madrid, 2003-2008). She is currently conducting her PhD studies about recycling and reuse ofend-of-life membranes at IMDEA WATER. She has published as a co-author 5 scientific paper(2 in reputed journals) and is currently writing 2 papers as first author. She has also published 3 book chapters and has 8 congress presentations. She has participated at CONSOLIDERTRAGUA Project (2009-2012) and in the Yolanda´s Typhon emergency (treating water operation with ERU WATSAN of Spanish Red Cross). Currently she participates in the REMTAVARES Project (2010-2017) and is the Technical responsible of the LIFEENV/ES/000751 TRANSFOMEM Project (2014-2018)
Abstract:
Thin Film Composite polyamide membranes have been worldwide used in desalination andwater recycling plants. However, once their lifespan is exhausted they are often disposed into the landfills which are the last priority according to the main pyramidal waste management principlesof the European Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (prevention, preparing for re-use, recycling, recovery and disposal). The present study, as part of the LIFE+ ENV/ES/000751TRANSFOMEM European project, investigates the transformation of end-of-life membranesthat were treating brackish water or seawater to be recycled as nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. Such process is a simple, low energy, surface modification technique based on polyamide chemical attack by free chlorine. The ppm-h concept it was evaluated which implies different exposure times of end-of-life membranes at diverseconcentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions. All the transformation experimentswere carried out at alkaline conditions (pH>10) at room temperature and without stirring. Two different exposure doses were set in order to obtain nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membrane performances. The membrane performances were evaluated filtering synthetic brackish water containing NaCl, MgSO4 and dextrose. The surface properties of the transformed membranes were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR). Results showed that ppm-h concept is not valid for allcases