Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Dominik Rohrmus
Siemens AG, Germany
Keynote: Carbon-Enhanced Manufacturing Supporting Recycling of CO2
Time : 09:20-09:50
Biography:
Dominik Rohrmus works for Corporate Technology of the Siemens AG in different functions in the area of manufacturing since 2005. In 2009 he founded the company program sustainable production and rolled several demonstrator projects out. In particular energy efficient production planning and technologies set the focus. Also cycle economy technologies and cycle business development in cooperation with Siemens business units and external partners is part of the program with several pilot realizations. Since 2013 he is the head of Manufacturing Systems Engineering. The research group is responsible for shop-floor developments of future technologies for the Siemens factories worldwide. rn
Abstract:
Climate change requires answers beyond the pure optimization of resources consumption and energy demand management in areas like manufacturing. CO2 as a supply for new synthetic raw materials and products as well as markets is a long-term approach to establish a green cycle economy. We define green cycles as CO2 sinks. The Siemens green cycle vision for green production and green raw materials opens new manufacturing models and new product markets to provide an answer for the world’s hunger for materials. These materials have a promising future for non-food related components such as electronic parts. Green cycle factories apply the concept of green cycles to the discrete manufacturing industries. The prerequisites are CO2-neutral forms of renewable energy as well as chemistry production technologies, which are synthesizing fuels and materials for manufacturing from CO2 sources which then yield the recycling of CO2. One economic driver is the merging of different energy grids. The focus lies on renewable supplies that fulfill the demands of future manufacturing technologies in terms of additive manufacturing processes which are mainly using carbon materials coming from renewable, biodegradable resources. The transformation process requires new manufacturing systems in a decentralized and mostly digitalized manner. A new additive manufacturing process based on this carbon feedstock is one promising application field with the advantage to transfer the CO2 load into discrete products. Hence, low carbon in the atmosphere can be realized by green cycles, i.e. CO2 recycling and advanced carbon-based materials and manufacturing.
Keynote Forum
Enric Vazquez
University of Catalunya, Spain
Keynote: RAC-PP- Recycled Aggregates for Concrete: Progress and Problems
Time : 09:50-10:20
Biography:
Enric Vazquez is Professor Emeritus in Construction Materials on the ETS Ingenieros de Caminos of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya. At present in Constructing Cycle SL. Research in eco-efficient materials and wastes for his use in construction, environmental impact by leaching, road pavements, durability of concrete and bituminous mixtures. 80 papers and books published from 1967 til today.This publications include the books Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment,Vol 8,RILEM STATE OF ART REPORTS “2013” y Guia Española de Áridos Reciclados procedentes de RCD (2012),Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y GEAR. He has oriented 22 doctor thesis and 30 master th..Invited Plenary Speaker in Spain,Japan,France,Germany,Austria,Poland,Brasil,Italy,Portugal and China. Has been Chairman from the RILEM TC-217 y TC-198 URM.Member of WG of AENOR,AIPCR and CEN.In 2011 he received the Environment Award from the Catalan Government for his profesional career.
Abstract:
The reduction of the use of natural resources and the use of a waste material avoiding problematic landfills, have been the principal points to open an important recycling market in most developed countries. Crushed concrete and masonry waste can be suitable for replacing coarse aggregate in concrete. When crushed masonry is used, compressive strength is lower and his high porosity affects durability and shrinkage. With crushed concrete aggregate the compressive strength and durability depend on the quantity of attached mortar. Attached mortar is responsible for higher porosity, weak zones in the aggregate and is related too with the new concrete durability. Smart crushers liberate more adhered mortar and can be a good solution.rnMethods to guaranty the quality of the production of good quality are developed, but inhomogeneity of the concrete waste of different origins continue to inspire distrust in many consumers, that prefer the use as sub base material in roads. Irregularity of the distribution of chlorides or other contaminants makes complicated the quality control, but combined analysis of durability and sustainability and the use of indicators and models can be a solution. The in situ recycling with only one origin of concrete can assure homogeneity.rnMany papers reflect the need of more cement to compensate the differences in properties compared with concrete with primary aggregates.rnWhen studied with LCA we can see that cement is, by far the most influencing factor in terms of CO2 emissions. More cement can prevent the sustainability of recycled concrete. Several solutions will be proposed to make the recycled concrete sustainable, from the combined use of mineral additions and chemical admixtures to new mix design methods that can achieve equal performances in fresh state, strength and durability.
Keynote Forum
F Andreola
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
Keynote: Recycling of wastes in traditional ceramic manufacturing
Time : 10:20-10:50
Biography:
F Andreola graduated in Chemical Engineering at the University of Bologna (1992). She completed her PhD in Materials Engineering at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (1997). She currently develops her activity at Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari” (DIEF) from University of Modena. Her research is mainly focused in the science and technology of materials, and in particular in the study and development of eco-compatible products for building sector (ceramic tiles, bricks, ecological bodies, and glass-ceramics). She is Co-author of 100 papers in international peer-reviewed journals. She has presented her research activity in a large number of national and international congresses. She is a member of the Italian Ceramic Society, Italian Association of Materials Engineering and Italian Group of Clays. She acts as a Reviewer for several peer reviewed journals like J. European Ceramic Society, Ceramic International, Waste Management, and J. of Sustainable Engineering.
Abstract:
The progressive increase in wastes requires not only measures to reduce their generation, but also recycling and reuse. In this regard, the European directives concerning waste, Directives 2006/12/CE and.2008/98/CE, are oriented to transform the European Union into a “recycling society” that attempts to avoid the generation of waste and promotes their use as a resource. Inorganic wastes in Europe are estimated more than 1,500 million tonnes/year and traditionally they have been disposed of in landfills. Alternative ways of reuse or recycling of non-hazardous inorganic waste should be investigated and implemented. On the other hand, traditional ceramic manufacturing requires massive amount of natural raw materials, which until few years were mainly based on the conventional system clay-silica-feldspar. Besides, natural raw materials used show a wide range of compositional variations and the resulting products are very heterogeneous. Therefore, such products can tolerate further compositional fluctuations and raw material changes, allowing different types of wastes to be incorporated into the internal structure of ceramic tiles and bricks as part of their own matrix. Nowadays, ceramic tile cycle works at zero emissions permitting to recycle within own manufacturing process all by-products and partially residues derived from depuration process and wastes coming from other productive cycles. In this review, will be described the state of art regarding the introduction of wastes in ceramic tiles and bricks manufacturing. Case studies of formulations using different percentages of alternative raw materials as waste glass, MSWI bottom ash, agro waste and polishing sludge are reported.
Keynote Forum
Arul Arulrajah
Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
Keynote: Case studies of recycled materials in pavements and footpaths
Time : 11:05-11:35
Biography:
Arul Arulrajah is the Professor of Geotechnical Engineering at Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia. He is currently involved in research topics such as recycled materials in geotechnical applications, geotechnics of pavements, ground improvement, land reclamation and dredging. Arulrajah is a Fellow of the Institute of Engineers Australia (FIEAust) and a Chartered Professional Engineer (CPEng-Civil Engineering, NPER). His research on recycled materials has led to significant impact in terms of adoption of recycled materials in Australian roads and footpaths and he has obtained continuous research funding in this field of research. He has published close 2 books, 3 book chapters, 120 journal publications and to 70 conference papers in geotechnical engineering and recycled materials.
Abstract:
The increase in generation of waste from construction activities along with significant increase in global population has led to increasing focus and research on reuse of waste material. In this keynote presentation, applications of Construction and Demolition (C&D) materials in roads and footpaths based on research currently undertaken in Australia are discussed. Unbound and stabilized C&D materials have been evaluated by the presenter to assess their viability for reuse in pavement bases/subbases. C&D materials including Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), Crushed Brick (CB), Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), Fine Recycled Glass (FRG) and Waste Rock (WR) have been evaluated in the laboratory and new specifications successfully developed in Australia to incorporate their usage in pavements, footpaths and other civil engineering applications. In addition, several unique field case studies where C&D materials have been used in roads and footpaths in Australia will also be presented. In addition current ongoing projects on some other traditional waste materials currently being researched by the presenter will be briefly discussed.
- Track 1: Industrial waste recyclingTrack 2: Waste management TechniquesTrack 3: E-Waste Recycling and Management
Chair
Nour-Eddine Menad
Bureau of Geological and Mining sought, France
Co-Chair
Enric Vazquez
University of Catalunya, Spain
Session Introduction
Nour-Eddine Menad
BRGM (Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières), France
Title: WEEE-ReStraM - Recycling of strategic metals from wastes of electric and electronic equipments
Time : 11:50-12:10
Biography:
Nour-Eddine Menad has completed his PhD from National School of geology of Nancy (France) and worked as Associate Professor at Technical University of Lulea (Sweden). He is scientific expert on process development on recycling of industrial wastes. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and conferences, 4 patents and is in the board committee of Edorium Journal of Waste Management. At the moment, he is working at BRGM (Bureau de recherché Géologique et minière) on development of separation techniques applied on the urban mine to recover stratégic metals.
Abstract:
The developed countries face a persistent concern about the supply of certain strategic metals, which are essential to the development of innovative high-tech industries, and particularly those associated with green energy. The recent political crisis caused by China towards the Japan putting the rare earth elements supply in balance (95% of the world's needs) did that amplify those concerns. The fundamental issue is to ensure the supply of industries manufacturing for which these chemical compounds made from rare metals and alloys are indispensable, even though their availability shows vulnerabilities at different levels of their supply chain. In this context, the European Union released its report 'Critical raw materials for the EU' that identifies 20 metals described as strategic for the European economy as a whole. Among these strategic metals contained in different electronic devices of certain WEEE categories are a priority target of growing and becoming interest. The new technologies that use more strategic metals (SM) contribute to growing and sustainable demand, at the time, of these substances. Europe is one of the most important regions of SM consumption through its industries with high added values. In the last decades, Europe has also accumulated the consumer goods that arrived at end of life, and are considered as secondary resources which SM including rare earth elements (REEs) can be extracted. The development of a specific sector to recover these metals must therefore become a priority. The main objective of this work is the implementation of effective techniques of recovery, treatment and valorization of WEEE. In this presentation, I will present the results of recovery of REEs from permanent magnets in hard disk drives, French project (Extrade).
Sébastien Déon
Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France
Title: Nanofiltration for removing toxicity of industrial wastewaters
Time : 12:10-12:30
Biography:
Sébastien Déon obtained his PhD degree from the University of South Brittany in 2007 on the modeling of transport through nanofiltration membranes. In 2008, he became Assistant Professor at the University of Franche-Comté where he has broadened his areas of expertise to electrokinetic characterizations of membrane materials and fouling cakes. Currently, he is Associate Professor and his skills are mainly dedicated to water treatment by membrane processes. He is also the Author or Co-author of one book, twenty four publications in international recognized journals, and twenty presentations in international conferences. His expertise in reviewing scientific papers led him to become an Associate Editor of International Journal of Membrane Science & Technology and an Editorial Board Member of several peer-reviewed journals such as International Journal of Chemical Engineering.
Abstract:
Nowadays, the recycling of wastewaters is an overriding challenge since population becomes aware of health and environmental issues due to industrial pollution. Therefore, industries have to develop innovative processes to minimize the amount of toxic substances in their discharges. Within this context, pressure-driven membranes appear to be a potential alternative to remove micro-pollutants from aqueous solutions. In this study, the possibility of implementing a nanofiltration step to remove toxicity was firstly investigated on synthetic solutions containing metal ions at various concentrations (with or without salinity). Afterwards a real discharge water from a French surface treatment industry was filtrated in high permeate recovery mode and performances were investigated over filtration time. All these experiments have demonstrated that metal rejections are higher than 90% irrespective of the solution investigated. The impact of this NF step on living organisms was also examined before and after treatment on both hatching of snail eggs and mobility inhibition of an aquatic crustacean. These eco-toxicological tests have shown that solutions containing only metallic ions have almost fully lost their toxicity after nanofiltration, whereas a non-negligible detrimental impact on snail egg hatching was found with the discharge water. It is worth noting that, contrary to snail egg hatching, crustacean mobility was found to be unaltered by the treated effluent and the choice of the bioassay has proven to be a core issue for such studies.
E David
National Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, Romania
Title: Obtaining of selective porous materials from recycling of industrial waste coal fly ash for applications in environmental protection
Time : 12:30-12:50
Biography:
David Elena is a Graduate of Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MS-in Physics-Chemistry of Surface and Analytic Chemistry of “Babes-Bolyai” University from Cluj-Napoca, Romania. He serves as a Doctor in Chemical Science, Assoc. Prof., Head of Laboratory: Carbonic Materials, Composites & Analysis Techniques, at National Research Institute of Cryogenics & Isotope Technologies-ICIT Rm.Valcea, Romania. His overall research topics approached concern to renewable energy sources; conservation of energy; energy from waste; methods and mechanisms for the reduction of pollution; methods of waste recycling and tests to determine their toxicity; development of analysis techniques with applications in energy & environment fields.
Abstract:
The fast increase in population and the economic growth have determined an increase in energy demand. The coal reserves are distributed worldwide, and coal is known to be the most stable and available energy source. However, utilization of coal as an energy source involves the generation of a huge amount of coal ash, and the recycling rate of this is rather low. In this paper, an environmentally friendly method for coal ash recycling is described. This refers to zeolite obtaining from industrial waste coal ash (CFA) by two stages of fusion and hydrotermal synthesis methods, with or without acid washing pretreatment using different conditions. The synthesized zeolites were then tested for CO2 adsorption from flue gas. From experimental results, it was found that the impurities (i.e., Mg, Ca, Fe, Ti, K oxides) in CFA are efficiently removed by acid washing pretreatment. From three different acids used (i.e. H2SO4, HNO3 and HCl), HCl shown the highest pretreatment performance, while the most suitable pretreatment conditions to enhance high purity raw material, up to 80-90% purity, were by using 25%HCl the acid to CFA ratio of 20 ml HCl/gCFA at 75°C for 4 h. After fusion at 550ºC with NaOH/CFA mass ratio of 2 and further crystallization at 85ºC for 4 h, the pretreated CFA was transformed to zeolite. Regarding CO2 adsorption testing, prepared zeolite provided high CO2 adsorption capacity when the gas composition was 15% CO2, in nitrogen, simulating CO2 concentration in flue gas, and zeolite adsorption performance is comparable with the used commercial sorbents.
Helena Maria Vieira Monteiro Soares
University of Porto, Portugal
Title: A nearly closed environmental friendly process for recovering metals with high yield and purity from spent hydrodesulphurization catalysts
Time : 12:50-13:10
Biography:
Helena Maria Vieira Monteiro Soares has completed her PhD from University of Porto, Portugal. Her main research is focused on the selective recovery of metals from wastewaters and secondary resources. She has published about 70 papers in ISI journals, coordinated several national projects and has been serving as Project Evaluator of advanced fellowships and grants from the Portuguese and other international (EU, South Africa, Chile) research agencies.
Abstract:
HDS catalysts are extensively used in the petroleum refining industry. When they can no longer be used, the catalysts become solid wastes (around 120,000 tons per year are produced), which are classified as hazardous materials. The present work was centered in the recovery of Ni and Mo from a spent Ni-Mo catalyst and subsequent separation steps in order to recovery each metal with high yield and purity. The HDS catalyst was initially roasted and chemically characterized (12.1, 30 and 2.6% of Mo, Al and Ni, respectively). Then, the leaching of Mo and Ni was studied using a microwave assisted method in two subsequent independent stages: The first to recover Mo using an alkaline (NaOH) leaching and the second to recover Ni using acid (H2SO4) leaching. Results were compared with a conventional leaching procedure. Microwave assisted leaching led to better extraction efficiencies (89% of Mo and >90% of Ni for alkaline and acid leaching, respectively) and selectivity (only in the case of the alkaline leaching, where Al dissolution was only 6%) and lower heating times. Recovery of Mo from the alkaline leachate was achieved by precipitation in the form of SrMoO4 (96% of yield with 99% of purity). Molecular recognition technology, using SuperLig® 167 resin, enabled an easy and efficient separation of the metals (Ni, Mo and Al) present in the H2SO4 leachate into mono-metal solutions (Al in the raffinate, Mo and Ni in the alkaline and acid eluates, respectively) with high yield (99.7, 100 and 87% respectively) and purity (99.3, 99.8 and 98.7% respectively).
M Sulyman
Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Title: Utilization of recycled polyurethane foam and ground tire rubber for asphalt modifications: Basic and rheological properties
Time : 13:50-14:10
Biography:
M. Sulyman was born in 1976. He got his MSc. degree in 2008 from Academy of Graduate Studies and the B.Sc. degree in 2000 from Al-Mergheb University in the field of chemical engineering in Libya. Currently he is a PhD student at Polymer Technology Department, Gdansk University of Technology in Poland. His interests of research are environmental and polymer engineering. His main research is asphalt polymer blend using polymer waste materials. Additional interest work is wastewater treatment using green adsorbents prepared from agricultural by-products/wastes
Abstract:
Today’s one of the major problems in the world is the environment pollution created by either industrial or human huge landfill disposal of polymer waste materials such as expired automobile tires, plastics and polyurethane foams wastes. Recycled polymers applied to asphalt binder used in road pavement construction is considered the best choice to overcome such environmental problem by reducing the large quantities of such wastes and improve the engineering properties of the asphalt binder. This study investigates the feasibility of using scrap polyurethane foam (PUF) and ground tire rubber (GTR) separately. The modified asphalt blend samples were initially prepared in a molten state: in one time as singular additives composed GTR and PUF and in another time as multiple additives composed GTR/PUF. The influence of ternary blends composed of GTR/PUF at two different weight fraction of (50/50) and (75/25) respectively in dose percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% by asphalt weight were studied as follow: PUF was added to the asphalt mixture first at 210 oC and a high-speed mix of 6000 rpm for 30 min. Next, the temperature was reduced to 180 oC and the speed was lowered to 2000 rpm. Only then, the GTR was added to the asphalt mixture for 90 min. Basic and rheological properties of final modified asphalt samples were investigated. The results and data obtained showed those investigated properties of the virgin asphalt were improved by the addition of all additives in the order: (75% GTR/25% PUF) > (GTR) > (50% GTR/50% PUF) > (PUF), with very good correlation factors of higher thane 0.95. The addition of PUF to the asphalt mixture at high temperature and high speed showed a very good distribution and a complete melting into the asphalt matrix.
Sue-Huai Gau
Tamkang University, Taiwan
Title: A study on the MSWI fly ash modifying for inorganic gel of cement admixtures
Time : 14:10-14:30
Biography:
Sue-Huai Gau has completed his PhD from Taiwan University. He is the Professor of the Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University. He is a specialist in the field of solid waste management and resource recovery. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and conferences.
Abstract:
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ashes contain high concentrations of heavy metals and dioxins which are hazardous wastes. Recycling of the fly ash will be a future tendency in many countries. Wet ball milling fly ash replacing cement has the potential as pozzolanic materials. In addition, the reaction of a pozzolanic material with an aqueous alkali hydroxide or sodium silicate solution produces an inorganic gel material with high strength. The purpose of this study is to transfer the MSWI fly ash into inorganic gel in order to form a cement admixture. In this study, the washed fly ash was mixed with metakaolin in accordance with the specific ratio then milled and activated with different concentrations of NaOH solution in different times. The produced activated powder was used as 5% and 10% of cement replacement. The FTIR and XRD analysis were used to find out the better condition on the activation of inorganic gel. The results showed that, the reaction of 50% metakaolin, 50% washed fly ash (5C5W) with 1M NaOH solution after 24 hr milling produces multiple crystal species of inorganic gel. Besides, TCLP all the condition of activated powder can pass the hazard waste limit. When the activation of different conditions of milling powder replaces 10% of cement, low workability results relative lower compressive strength. But replacing 5% cement grouting to cure 7 days and 28 days, could raise about 100% of the compressive strength and form an inorganic gel in the cement with best characteristic. For activated powder process, milling activation has more contribution than stirring activation in the formation of inorganic gel and helps the growth of inorganic gel in cement curing.
Gordon C. C. Yang
National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan
Title: Recycling of Municipal Incinerator Fly Ash by Electric Arc Furnaces of Steel Mini Mills
Time : 14:30-14:50
Biography:
Gordon Yang received his Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley, California, USA in 1983. After that, he worked in the United States for five years before he worked for Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan. Since August 1991 he has begun to teach at National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He became a full professor in 1994 and also severed as the Director, Institute of Environmental Engineering, NSYSU for three years strating from August 1997. During 1998-2003 he served as the Editor, Journal of Hazardous Materials. Currently, he is the Director (also the Founding Director), Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, NSYSU.
Abstract:
The objective of this work was to introduce an innovative recycling method for municipal incinerator fly ash (MIFA) by full-scale melting in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) of steel mini mills all over the world. MIFA including the fraction known as the reaction products is considered as a hazardous waste because it consists of trace heavy metals (e.g., Pb) and maybe dioxins/furans. Presently, MIFA in Taiwan is first treated by cement solidification and followed by landfilling. Melting MIFA by EAFs in different steel mini mills had been tested and proven to be an innovative way to treat and recycle MIFA. Full-scale test results have shown that this treatment technology has many advantages over others such as: (1) 40-60% of lime materials contained in MIFA can be re-utilized for steel production; (2) molten MIFA would become slag useful for several applications; (3) no new waste is derived from this treatment; and (4) employment of existing EAFs instead of building new melting plants for the treatment of MIFA. Moreover, zero landfill of MIFA could be achievable by the practice of this innovative recycling technology.
Ilker Bekir TOPCU
Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Engineering and Architecture, Turkey
Title: Re-Use of Polypropylene Fiber Admixed Recycled Aggregates in Concrete
Time : 14:50-15:10
Biography:
Ilker Bekir Topçu is currently professor in the Civil Engineering Department, EskiÅŸehir Osmangazi University, EskiÅŸehir, Turkey. He graduated from Engineering and Architecture of State Academy in 1980, and obtained his Masters degree from the Institute of Science, Anadolu University, EskiÅŸehir, Turkey, in 1984 and joined the teaching profession as a research assistant in 1982 at the Anadolu University. He obtained his Ph.D. from the Institute of Science, Ä°stanbul Technical University, Ä°stanbul, Turkey, in 1988. He has worked as a visiting scientist at the Lehigh University, from 1990 to 1992, and Northwestern University, from 1996 to 1997. He has published 140 refereed papers in international and national journals, 156 proceedings papers in international and national congress and symposiums, one book chapter and 51 actual papers. His papers cited more then 3000. He supervised 12 PhD and 42 Ms Thesis. His research interests are lightweight, heavyweight and high-strength concretes, concretes using industrial wastes such as fly ash, bottom ash, silica fume, waste tire, waste glass and waste concrete, Khorasan mortars, concrete as a composite material, using admixtures and addititives in concrete, Ferrocement and using artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic technics in concrete technology. He is currently supervising 6 Ph D and 11 Ms Thesis. Married and have a daughter.
Abstract:
This research analyses recycle of polypropylene fiber admixed concretes. Study aims to research reuse of fiber admixed recycled aggregates in concrete. In this research eight types of polypropylene fiber are used. Polypropylene fibers added to the mixture in three different ratios. The quantity of cement in the mixture is 300 kg/m3. Water-cement ratio is 0,52. For experiments, cylinder concrete molds with 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height were used. Samples were broken by jawbreaker at the end of 120 days. As a result of the break, recycled fiber aggregates were obtained with 0-4 mm, 7-15 mm and 16-22.4 mm sizes. Recycled aggregates’ specific weight and unit weight were calculated. Values of specific weight and unit weight were decreased. By using fiber-reinforced recycled aggregates a new concrete mixture was made. To the new mixture, recycled aggregates with sizes of 7-15 mm and 16-22.4 mm were added. As fine aggregate, 0-4 mm natural sand is used. Ratio of cement in the new mixture is 350 kg/m3 Ratio of water-cement is 0,56. Compression strength of the obtained concrete is analyzed for 28 days. Compression strengths of fiber admixture concrete and fiber admixture recycled aggregated concrete are compared. Compression strength is decreased by 22.59 % in some mixtures and increased by 11,14 % in some others. It is concluded that by changing water-cement ratio and quantity of chemical admixture, it is possible increase the compression strength. Therefore it is possible to use polypropylene fiber concretes in recycling.
Kamalesh K Singh
Banaras Hindu University, India
Title: Recovery of zinc from EAF dust by hydrometallurgical route with sulphuric acid as leachant
Time : 15:10-15:30
Biography:
Kamalesh K Singh has completed his PhD in the year 2010 from Ranchi University and obtained Post-graduate diploma in Business Administration from Banaras Hindu University in year 2014. He is holding position of Associate Professor in Metallurgical Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India. His broad area of research is waste recycling and management.
Abstract:
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) usage in producing steel is gaining importance day by day due to its special advantages. During smelting and refining of steel, the gases leaving the furnace carries a substantial amount of fine dust particles. The amount of dust generated is usually in the range of 9-18 kg per ton of scrap melted. The dust is important resource for the recovery of zinc and always better than its disposal as landfill. In order to recover zinc, the hydrometallurgical processes have been considered which are more eco-friendly and produces residues suitable for safe disposal as zinc could be selectively dissolved in suitable lixivants viz. sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, ammoniacal solution, sodium hydroxide have been used on bench scale. Sodium hydroxide however is selective for zinc dissolution but it needs further development for the metal recovery from the sodium zincate solution by electrolysis. Processes based on hydrochloric acid have not yet found any commercial application due to non-selective leaching and costly material of construction. Sulphuric acid have been found to be effective reagents for treatment of EAFD. The present paper examines and optimizes various parameters to recover zinc from EAF dust.
Haim Cohen
University of Ariel, Israel
Title: Coal Ash as an Efficient Chemical Fixation Reagent and Scrubber for Toxic Chemical Wastes and It's Incorporation in Industrial Concrete for Civil Engineering Projects
Time : 15:45-16:05
Biography:
Haim Cohen is an environmental chemist and a professor in the Department of Chemical Sciences in the University of Ariel and in the Chemistry Department of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. He has published more than 200 papers. His main research is centered on Coal Fly ash and Surface Reactions of Coal
Abstract:
The fly ashes produced in Israel are very basic (high CaO content) resulting in it's potential utilization as a chemical scrubber for acidic wastes. Also the small ash particles have a large surface area and can serve as an excellent adsorption material for trace elements. The potential of bituminous coal fly ashes to fixate toxic acidic sludges and wastes from the chemical industry has been studied. The wastes studied were from the phosphate industry, from regeneration processes of engine oils and from quarries. It was found that Class F coal fly ash is capable to serve as an excellent chemical scrubber and fixation reagent for acidic wastes containing a variety of trace elements. Furthermore due to the pozzolanic properties of the fly ash it was observed that the scrubbed product can serve as a partial substitute to cement and aggregates in industrial concrete. The mechanical properties and the leaching rate of toxic elements from the product are within the Israeli and European standards of concrete products.
Hasan Baylavli
Hitit University, Turkey
Title: Abrasion and water absorption properties of polypropylene fibre-reinforced recycle aggregated concrete
Time : 16:05-16:25
Biography:
Hasan Baylavli works in Hitit University Construction Technology and Building Audit Programs, in Çorum, Turkey as Research Assistant. He completed associate degree program in 1997 in Gazi University Çorum Vocational School Construction Program. He graduated from Pamukkale University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering in 2000. He did his Master’s degree in EskiÅŸehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering Building Materials. He does Doctorate in University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering Building Materials. He works in subjects related to self-compacting concretes, fiber-reinforced concretes and recycling. Furthermore, he studies in the fields of university campus planning, green campus and energy-efficiency in buildings.
Abstract:
In this study, re-use of recycle aggregates obtained from polypropylene fiber-reinforced welded concretes in concrete is researched. Eight kinds of polypropylene fibers were used in the study. Polypropylene fibers were used within the admixture at three different rates. The amount of cement in the admixture is 300 kg/m3. Water-cement rate is 0.52. Cylinder samples in 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height were used for the tests. Samples were crushed in jaw crusher at the end of 120 days. Fibrous recycle aggregates in the size of 0-4 mm, 7-15 mm and 16-22.4 mm were acquired in the end of crushing. A new concrete admixture was acquired by using fiber-reinforced recycle aggregates. Recycle aggregates at the sizes of 7-15 mm and 16-22.4 mm were added to new admixture. 0-4 mm natural sand was used as fine aggregate. The fine obtained from recycle was not used in the new admixture. It was observed in the pretests carried out that recycle fine sand increase the amount of water and cement in the admixture. The amount of cement in new admixture is 350 kg/m3. Water-cement rate is 0.56. Cubic samples were prepared from new admixture in the size of 70x70x115 mm. Upward wear and water absorption tests were conducted on the samples at the end of 28 days. Welded concrete was compared with abrasion and water absorption values. Abrasion and water-absorption values have increased compared to welded concrete.
Fu-Shen Zhang
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Title: Recycling approaches of waste cathode ray-tube in China
Time : 16:25-16:45
Biography:
Fu-Shen Zhang, PhD, is Professor and Director of Solid Waste Recycling Department at Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He got his PhD in the field of Environmental Engineering from Tohoku University (Japan), and carried out Post-doctoral researches at the University of Michigan (USA) and Nagoya University (Japan). His recent researches address effective recycling of solid wastes, including valuable matters recovery and functional materials development from electronic waste, construction waste, municipal solid waste and bio-waste. He has published more than 100 peer review articles and applied for more than 30 patents.
Abstract:
Cathode ray-tube (CRT) is an important device mainly used as video display component in television and computer. It is rapidly replaced by advanced displays such as liquid crystal display and plasma display, resulting in a huge number of waste CRTs. CRT funnel glass generally contains high level of PbO, which is classified as hazardous waste. This type of waste may contaminate our living environment due to improper treatment. In the present study, a novel process for lead nanopowder synthesis from this type of glass was developed by combining vacuum carbon-thermal reduction and inert-gas consolidation procedures. The key merit of the process was to evaporate lead out of the glass to obtain harmless glass powder and synchronously produce lead nanoparticles. In the synthesis process, lead oxide in the funnel glass was firstly reduced to elemental lead, and evaporated rapidly in vacuum circumstance, then quenched and formed nano-size particles on the surface of the cooling device. Experimental results showed that temperature，pressure and argon gas flow rate were the major parameters controlling lead evaporation ratio and the morphology of lead nanoparticles. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure results showed that lead leaching from the residue glass met the USEPA threshold. Accordingly, this study developed a practical and environmental-friendly process for detoxification and reclamation of waste lead-containing glass.
Hojae Shim
University of Macau, China
Title: Evaluation of lipid productivity by Rhodosporidium toruloides under non-sterile condition from a mixture of distillery and domestic wastewaters
Time : 16:45-17:05
Biography:
Hojae Shim is currently working as an Associate Professor in department of Civil Engineering at University of Macau, China. He completed his PhD in Environmental Science Engineering, Ohio State University, USA. His research interests includes Environmental Biotechnology, Biological Wastewater Treatment and Effluent Reuse, Biogas/Biodiesel Production from Waste/Wastewater, Bioremediation of Contaminated Environments, Bio filtration and Biodegradation/Biotransformation
Abstract:
The recovery of resource or energy from wastes has attracted an increasing attention for an environmentally sustainable development. Wastewater generated from food industries is more difficult to treat than the municipal one due to the high organic loads. Studies have been conducted to explore the possibility to develop a process that could produce biodiesel from wastewater while simultaneously removing part of organic matters and nutrients using oleaginous microorganisms. The lipid productivity of yeast was studied using a mixture of domestic and distillery wastewaters (1:1, v/v). The enhancement of initial cell density of oleaginous yeast could make the process more applicable to real distillery wastewater under the non-sterile condition with significant lipid production and organics removal. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) produced were mainly methyl oleate (over 40%), methyl linoleate (15-20%), methyl palmitate (7-9%), methyl palmitoleate (2-7%), and methyl sterate (2-4%), which is similar to the biodiesel produced from rapeseed.
Gwendolyn Bailey
KU Leuven, Belgium
Title: Life cycle assessment of the pyrometallaurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling routes used in rare earth recycling: A case study of NdFeB magnets
Time : 17:05-17:25
Biography:
Gwendolyn Bailey is currently pursuing PhD. She has completed her Master of Science in Environmental Management and Sustainability, a dual degree offered by Université Catholique de l’Ouest in Angers, France and St. Edward’s University in Austin, Texas. Her first publication titled, “Comparing Greenhouse Gas Emissions among Texas Universities” can be found in the January issue of Sustainabilty.
Abstract:
To our knowledge, the environmental impact of different Rare Earth Element (REE) recycling routes has not been addressed in scientific literature. Thus, in our research, we set out to quantify the environmental impact of producing and processing 1 kg of neodymium magnets from two recycling processes, with a focus on hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques. Magnets are the single largest application of rare earths, taking up 21% of the total rare earth production by volume and generating 37% of the total value of the rare earth market. Indeed the purpose of our study is to not to compare the impact of permanent magnet REE recycling with non-recycling before land filling, since this has already been done. The main goal is to compare the different pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes used in RE extraction and separation during the recycling process. Environmental impact results for such steps in the recycling processes could give stakeholders from the recycling industry essential information to assess the strategic potential of certain phases in the recycling process. In this paper, we will examine the two routes given by Dr. Koen Binnemans in his "Recycling of rare earths: a critical review" and perform a life cycle assessment (LCA) of NdFeB magnets to gain insight as to which route has a greater environmental impact.
Preecha Apiwantragoon
Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, Thailand
Title: Selecting Water Balance Covers as Landfill Final Covers
Time : 17:25-17:45
Biography:
Preecha Apiwantragoon completed his PhD from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, in 2007. He was a research assistant in the Alternative Cover Assessment Program sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agency. He is currently an associated professor and the Deputy Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. He has published papers in reputed journals and conferences and has been serving as a reviewer of Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.
Abstract:
Water balance landfill covers are being used with increasing frequency as the landfill final covers to limit percolation into underlying waste in lieu of conventional final covers such as compacted clays and geomembranes. In contrast to the conventional covers designed as resistive barriers, water balance covers rely on natural hydrologic processes to limit percolation by using the water storage capacity of fine-textured soils to store infiltration during wetter periods and evapotranspiration to remove the stored water from the covers to the atmosphere during drier periods. Designs of water balance covers generally employ a monolithic barrier (a single layer of engineered fine-textured soil) or a capillary barrier (commonly a fine-textured soil underlain by a coarse-textured capillary break). Based on this design principle of water balance covers, soil pedogenesis and plant community, as well as meteorological conditions could all affect the performance of the water balance covers. Case studies showing field data from several test sections simulating water balance covers will be presented. These covers have different designs (monolithic and capillary barriers), different profiles (layering and thickness), different types of soils and vegetation, and climates ranging from arid to humid. Key factors affecting the performance of the water balance covers will be illustrated. These factors could be used as design considerations when designing and selecting the water balance covers to be used as the landfill final covers.
Stephane Daniele
University Lyon, France
Title: Innovative TiO2-based recognition nano-devices for controlling the selectivity toward lanthanides ionic separation
Biography:
Stéphane Daniele has completed his PhD from University of Nice and Post-doctoral studies from Institute of Molecular Sciences (Okazaki, Japan) and University of Sussex (UK). Since 2008, he is full Professor at the University of Lyon1 and his main field of research concerns various aspects of coordination chemistry and synthesis of functional (hybrid) nanomaterials with applications in domains of catalysis, energy, optics, micro-electronics, cosmetics, and environment. He is a Founder and Technical Director of the company “Lotus Synthesisâ€. Since 2011, he develops clean-technology for the elaboration of stable oxide (hybrid) nanoparticle dispersions in aqueous or organic (commercial) media adapted to the customers’ matrix and without any manipulation of dry nano-powders.
Abstract:
Rare earth (RE) elements are used in an ever-increasing variety of applications in new green and low-carbon technologies such as catalysis, permanent magnet, rechargeable NiMH batteries, lamp phosphors and biomedical applications among others. Their recovery needs contributions of chemistry and physical chemistry of selective extractive systems since the separation of the RE mixtures into individual elements is usually a complex and expensive process. (Mesoporous) silica-based nanocomposites prepared by sol-gel hydrolysis and containing amido, imido, polyamine, and CMPO ligands or self-assembled monolayers of lanthanide-selective ligand (SAMMSTM) were studied for the recovery of RE. Non silicate systems are rare and require the need of a reliable and reproducible functionalization route as we previously reported. However, new hybrid metal oxide-based nanosorbents as a potential system to develop new separation techniques are of significant relevance. Herein, we present the results on the preparation and use of a series of novel modified DTPA-based ligands grafted onto TiO2 nanoparticles in order to provide a better understanding of the requirements in hybrid nanomaterial design as selective ionic separation devices. We demonstrate that DTPA-functionalized nano-titania devices for efficient lanthanide ionic separation (La/Gd) with excellent selectivity (SGd/La around 150) can be reached through the right balance between the ligand affinity towards the metal (in relation to the nature and flexibility of the ligand) and the self-agglomeration (trough supramolecular interactions) of the nanocrystals. These results will be addressed in detail in order to provide useful guidelines for design of future nano-structured ionic recognition device in the separation of strategic metals for recycling economy.
Elena Maria Iannicelli Zubiani
Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Title: Solid sorbents for rare earths recovery from electronic waste
Biography:
Elena Maria Iannicelli Zubiani will complete her PhD in Chemical Engineering from Politecnico di Milano by February 2016. Her principal activities are focused on: Hydrometallurgical processes for recovering precious metals and rare earths from waste electric and electronic equipment; adsorption on clays, activated carbons and modified materials; process engineering and scale up.
Abstract:
Today there is an increasing need for Rare Earths (REs) due to their usage in numerous high-technology applications. Currently each EU citizen produces about 17 kg of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) per year. These wastes are rich in precious and strategic metals and, in many cases, are characterized by higher REs contents than those of natural minerals. Accordingly, recycling can be considered a valuable opportunity: This perspective is known as "urban miningâ€. For these reasons, the study of a targeted and efficient REs recovery from WEEE can only lead to undeniable both socio-economic and environmental benefits. Activated carbon (AC) and modified AC were tested as solid sorbents at the purpose. The modified AC was synthesized by loading pentaethylenehexamine and the amount of loaded amine was estimated by COD analysis of the residual amount in solution. The AC and the modified AC were contacted with lanthanum solutions (chosen as representing element of REs family) and the lanthanum adsorbed by the solids was analyzed by ICP-OES of the contacted solution. Finally, release tests were performed on the different samples in order to verify the solids capability not only to capture but also to recover metal ions. The obtained results showed that the experimental procedure was appropriate to load the amine onto the AC and that the modification of the AC improved both adsorption (from 44% to 100%) and release (from 65% to 91%) with respect to natural AC, ensuring a global recovery efficiency of 90%.
Arda IÅžILDAR
Laboratoire Geomatériaux et Environnement, France
Title: Urban (bio)mining: Recovery of metals from electronic waste
Biography:
Arda received his B.Eng. degree in Environmental Engineering from Istanbul University, Turkey in 2009. He completed his M.Sc. studies in Sustianable Resource Management with merits in 2013 at Technical University of Munich, Germany in 2013. In his professional career, Arda has a number of cross sectoral experiences in various institutions including GFA Consulting Group (Hamburg, Germany), Rachel Carson Center (Munich, Germany), Athisa S.A. (Istanbul, Turkey / Granada, Spain) and Water and Sewage Administration (Istanbul, Turkey). As of October 2013, Arda carries out his reacrch project entitled ‘Urban (bio)mining: Recovery of metals from electronic waste’in a joint project organized between at the Pollution Prevention and Resource Recovery chair group of Environmental Engineering Water Technology department at UNESCO-IHE, the Netherlands and Laboratoire Geomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), University of Paris, France. His research interests include but not limited to environmental biotechnology, e-waste management, and sustainability
Abstract:
Discarded electric and electronic devices comprise a growing segment of waste generated at households. Despite the growing awareness and deterring legislation, most of the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is disposed improperly. Global WEEE generation reached 41.8 million tons in 2014, and forecasted to rise to 50 million tons in 2018 (Baldé et al., 2015). In addition to the prevalence of toxic compounds, WEEE also contains valuable metals such as copper, gold, aluminum and nickel. Particularly printed circuit boards (PCB) have the potential to be a very promising secondary source of metals. Recovery of metals is conventionally carried out by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, which have their own drawbacks and limitations. In this research, sustainable metals recovery technologies, with an emphasize on biological methods, were investigated. In this direction we test the effectivity of bioleaching, chemical leaching and subsequent recovery of metals from discarded PCB. In addition, sustainability assesment was evaluated using LCA and LCC methodology. Results showed high concentrations of the metals of interest the discarded circuit boards from various devices. Copper was bioleached from discarded circuit boards with a high (>98%) efficiency with mixture of acidophilic bacteria in batch reactors. Gold was bioleached from discarded circuit boards at a (>44%) efficiency with cyanide generating bacteria. Copper was selectively recovered in a subsequent electrowinning process separated from other metals. Sustainability assessment of the technology showed that the process has lower impact on the environment compared to BAT.
Raul Oliveira Neto
Federal University of Pampa, Brazil
Title: An economic analysis of technologies in construction and demolition waste management
Biography:
Raul Oliveira Neto has completed his PhD in the year 2008 at the age of 51 years from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Politechnique University, Spain. His post doctoral study was done in LUNAM Université, IFSTTAR, France. He is currently a professor at the Federal University of Pampa in South of Brazil, in undergraduate courses in Technology in Mining, Environmental Engineering, Geology and course Professional Master in Mineral Technology. He has an academic production of more than 30 articles in major publications between technical magazines and international conference proceedings, specialized in the issue ofenvironmental management and waste management
Abstract:
This paper proposes an economic analysis of technologies in construction and demolition waste management. The processing technologies analyzed are the current advanced, the advanced and the advanced sorting. The methodology adopted is in the economic evaluation concept of projects and it is classified with a scoping study phase. In these contexts, three levels of CDW's processing capabilities for recycling platforms are analyzed (100, 300 and 600 thousand tons per year). This article considers data base obtained from similar projects, published in specialized literature and the data sources are mainly from the European continent. The data costs researched and estimated are analyzed. The model adopted for the calculations and the simulations of the results, in the economic order, was the method of discounted cash flow and the main indicators analyzed are IRR (internal rate of return) and NPV (net present value). The paper shows that current advanced process has better economic performance, in terms of IRR. The IRR associated with advanced and advanced sorting processes could be raised by higher capacity of platforms and/or by higher sharing of better quality material in the total production. The first two points depend on the market conditions (prices and total quantity of CDW available) and (potential) fiscal or incentive policies.
Anna Chashchyna
Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
Title: CO2 emission equivalent as the climate change measure for the electronic waste: The laptop life cycle assessment for Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Biography:
Anna Chashchyna has completed her MSc from University of Poitiers, France (Erasmus Mundus in Applied Ecology) and a BSc in Environmental Safety from Kiev National Aviation University, Ukraine. She has co-translated a book on environmental activism, “A Beautiful Trouble†by A Boyd, occasionally writes for CafeBabbel, Priestori and Heliophon; worked at the Eco-Bio Safety Lab in Ukraine and currently explores the opportunities in the e-waste sector.
Abstract:
The aim of the study is to provide a better knowledge of the electronic waste (e-waste) sector. This sector is explored in terms of structure, stakeholders, governance aspects and social impacts. We also try to examine what is the right thing to do with e-waste. The work examines the following specific questions: 1) What is the state-of-the-art of e-waste recycling in Canada and Newfoundland? 2) Who are the important stakeholders and what are their roles in this sector? 3) What are the governance issues enabling this sector operation? 4) What is the environmentally sound way to deal with e-waste? The study consists of a cover essay and two chapters. The objective of Part I is to provide an investigation of electronic waste recycling system in Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada), Part II provides with a complete Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a laptop, with an emphasis on various treatment scenarios: Landfilling, recycling as e-waste, and recycling as metal, by CO2 equivalent. Part I presents the national and local e-waste flows, the sector structure, the actors involved and the existing governance issues of the e-waste management. Part II assesses CO2 emissions associated with every stage of laptop life cycle: Production – distribution – use – disposal; and compares laptop end-of-life scenarios by CO2 equivalent, thus trying to identify the waste management method of least environmental impact and most profit.
Ying-Chu Chen
National Taipei University, Taiwan
Title: Potential of greenhouse gas emissions for lifecycle of municipal solid waste in Taiwan
Biography:
Ying-Chu Chen has been an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Natural Resources Management, National Taipei University since August 2014. She received her BS in Soil Environmental Science and then PhD in Environmental Engineering. Her recent research topics include studies of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and understanding their interactions, which are applicable to the field of global climate change.
Abstract:
Issues of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment and climate change have drawn massive attention in the past decades. Taiwan is implementing waste minimization and recycling strategies to curb the waste management issues. In addition, the Taiwanese Government is taking concerted efforts to voluntary reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to meet relative global warming protocols. This research evaluated potential of GHG emissions from five proposed waste management scenarios, including a landfill site, a waste-to-energy (WTE) plant, and a material recovery facility (MRF) within a defined system boundary. On the basis of the data collected, the results indicate that the MRF (8.08 103 to 1.52 104 kg CO2-eq/day) and the landfill site (4.45 103 to 4.45 104 kg CO2-eq/day) released less GHG emissions than the WTE plant (1.10 106 to 4.39 106kg CO2-eq/day). The GHG emissions from the WTE plant are highly contributed by CO2 and N2O emissions but offset by generating electricity and energy recovery system. Furthermore, potential of GHG mitigation from recycling wastes in the MRF is more efficient than generated electricity in the WTE plant. This evaluation provides valuable insights into the applicability of a policy framework for MSW management practices in GHG mitigations.
Maulin P Shah
Enviro Technology Limited, India
Title: Analysis of total microbial community structure and the ammonia oxidizing populations in activated sludge system of industrial waste water treatment plant
Biography:
Maulin P Shah is currently Head & Senior Manager – Industrial Waste Water Research Lab, Division of Applied & Environmental Microbiology Lab at Enviro Technology Limited, India. He has more than 120 research publication in highly reputed national & international journals. He extends his expertise in more than twenty international reputed journals as an Editorial Board Member.
Abstract:
Bacterial community structure and the prevailing nitrifying activities and populations in each room of a three-compartment activated sludge system were determined. Each space was originally inoculated with the same activated sludge communities encased in polyethylene glycol gel granules, and ammonium nitrogen was fed to the system in a mineral salts solution at a rate of 5.0 g N liter granular enabled sludge-1 day-1. After 150 days of operation, the system was found to comprise number sequential nitrifying reactions, probably mediated by different bacterial populations. Activity data showed that all the NH4-N was completely oxidized of one and two compartments, but no significant nitrite oxidation was observed in these spaces. In contrast, all available nitrite oxidized to nitrate in the room three. To study the microbial populations and communities in this system, total bacterial DNA isolated from each room were analyzed for the community structure based on G+C the content of the component populations. Compartment one showed dominant population groups have 50 and 67% G+C content. Two compartments were the same in structure chamber one. The bacterial communities in space three had dominant populations with 62 and 67% G+C content and retained 50% G+C content population only at a greatly diminished level. The 50% G+C content populations from space a hybridized strongly with ammonia mono oxygenase and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase gene probes from Nitrosomonas europaea. However, 50% G+C content population from space two hybridized strongly with hydroxylamine oxidoreductase probe, but only slightly with ammonia mono oxygenase probe, suggesting that the prevailing ammonia-oxidizing populations in space one and two may be different. As different activities and groups will dominate in every room from an identical inoculum, it appears that the nitrification processes may be somewhat inconsistent, resulting in a series of sequential reactions and the different communities in this three-chamber system
Sandhya Prajapati
Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, India
Title: Lead acid battery recycling in India
Biography:
Sandhya Prajapati is currently MTech Student at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, India
Abstract:
Lead acid battery usage is colossal in railways, transportation, telecommunication, automobiles and many other sectors and is further increasing with solar and wind schemes launched by Government. More than 50% of world lead demand is met by the secondary lead production. In a developing country like India instead of having sufficient amount of lead available for recycling we are forced to import it from other countries like Australia, USA and Korea. According to the data available only a fraction of batteries is collected for recycling while proper regulation is there for used battery collection. Retailers collect the batteries by consumer authorized smelters get the spent batteries through open auction by Metal and Scrap Trading Corporation (MSTC). MSTC is providing limited auction of batteries because the prize quoted by these smelters is quite low which is not profitable to MSTC. Thus because of low battery collection these smelters are working below their full capacity. Even industries prefer to buy lead from the unlicensed unit (backyard smelters), because the cost of secondary lead coming from unauthorized smelters is low as no pollution control equipment is used which leads to the problem of emission of lead dust, fumes and SO2. This pollutes the ecosystem severely and responsible for health disorders. Waste water from Indian Lead’s plant contains 615 times more lead than is permissible under Indian regulation. Thus the present system not only entails for lead import but also leads to environment misbalance. So the regulation is not enough if not implemented properly. Unauthorized smelting should be punishable offence as it is also responsible for several cattle deaths in Delhi. At every step, proper data collection should be recorded if not then penalty should be there to avoid black spots; so that the survey of annual reports leads us to overcome problems of existing system and come up with a better recycling system.
Kidong Kim
Kunsan National University, Korea
Title: Valuable Recycling of Waste Glasses generated from LCD Industry
Biography:
Kidong Kim has completed his PhD at RWTH Aachen in Germany and worked for 9 years in R & D group of three different glass manufacturers such as KCC, Hankuk Glass and Samsung Corning in Korea. Since 1997 he is Professor at Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunsan National University, Korea. His research area is characterization of glass melt in conjunction with electrochemical approach to redox behavior of multivalent elements and recycling of display waste glasses. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and been serving as a chair of glass division in Korean Ceramic Society.
Abstract:
The manufacturing of LCD panels and LCD glasses applied to information display devices, such as TVs, monitors, and mobile phones, only occurs in four Asian countries, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and China. A large amount of waste glasses is being generated from the LCD industry. These waste glasses can be divided into three categories: 1) LCD cullet from LCD glass manufacturers, 2) LCD process waste glasses (hereafter designated as LPWG) from LCD panel manufacturers, and 3) End LCD waste glasses from end-of-life LCD devices. Since LCD glasses are produced using relative high purity raw materials under consideration of display quality, they have not only few impurities but also high homogeneity. These two characteristics of LCD glasses can offer a valuable recycling possibility of their cullet or waste glass as a raw material for some commercial ceramic products from the viewpoint of raw material cost and saving of energy. In this work seven cases were investigated. Glasses or ceramics were produced in the laboratory using the industrial batches including LCD cullet or LPWG for flint bottle glass, fiber glass such as E glass and glass wool, heat resistant glass such as Pyrex and vetrious porcelain such as sanitary ware and ceramic tile. Some physicochemical properties related with production or product were determined for those glasses and ceramics, and the results were discussed. Now LCD cullet is being applied to all industrial plants for E glass in Korea. LPWG could be also a potential raw material to produce flint bottle and fiber glass.
J. Manjanna
Rani Channamma University, India
Title: Recovery of Co and Li from Spent Li-ion Batteries using mild Organic acids
Biography:
J. Manjanna has completed his PhD in Industrial Chemistry from Kuvempu University (2001) and postdoctoral studies from Hokkaido University, Iwate University and The University of Tokyo. He is the Associate Professor and Chairman, Dept. of Chemistry at Rani Channamma University. He has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals and has been guiding Ph.D. students working on Nanomaterials for energy devices, environmental and biomedical applications. Mr. G.P. Nayaka is currently working on Li-ion batteries for his Ph.D. degree at Kuvempu University.
Abstract:
Environmentally benign hydrometallurgical process is investigated for the recovery of Co and Li from the cathode active materials of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A mixture of chelating agent (L = citric acid, tartaric acid, iminodiacetic acid, maleic acid etc.) and reducing agent (ascorbic acid) are used to dissolve the typical cathode material, LiCoO2 collected from spent LIBs. Almost complete dissolution occurred in each case at 80 °C in about 4 h. The formation of Co(III)ï€ and Co(II)ï€L is evident from the UV-Vis. spectra of the dissolved solution as a function of dissolution time. Thus, the reductive-complexing dissolution mechanism is proposed here. In a typical case of citric acid and ascorbic acid mixture, the dissolution rate constants (k) are 3.1 × 10−3 min−1 for Li and 0.8 × 10−3 min−1 for Co ions as determined by ‘cubic rate law’ plots. The dissolved solution was subjected for selective precipitation of cobalt as Co-oxalate and lithium as LiF using oxalic acid and NH4F, respectively. The reducing agent, ascorbic acid, converts the dissolved Co(III)- to Co(II)-L thereby selective recovery of Co as Co(II)-oxalate is possible. The present study has a merit as we make use of mild organic acids as alternatives to mineral acids.
Lin He
Tianjin University, China
Title: Removal and recovery of volatile organic compounds from gas streams
Biography:
Lin He got his PhD degree from Tianjin University in 2014 and now works as a postdoctoral fellow in Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin). His research interests are focused on recovery of heavy oil or solvent from unconventional oil ores or residuals. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including acetone, toluene, benzene, xylene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, kerosene, etc., are widely involved in industrial processes and house decorations. Many of the VOCs have been detected to cause photochemical smog and haze in cities, and even to be toxic to human beings as well, leading to health threats, such as sensory irritation symptoms, severe respiratory systems or metabolic disorder. Therefore, the removal and recovery of the VOCs from gas streams are extremely crucial and have been considered as one of the major challenges in chemical related industries and daily life. In this study, an energy-saving set-up of pressure swing adsorption has been designed and applied to investigating the adsorption-desorption profiles of high concentrations of toluene vapor (>10000 ppm) on activated carbons and silica gel at ambient temperature. Results show that the adsorption of the toluene vapor on both the activated carbon and silica gel matches the Langmuir-Freundlich model. The vacuum desorption tests were carried out to recover the absorbed VOCs. Results demonstrate that the desorption rate and extent of the absorbed toluene from the silica gel are much higher than those of activated carbon due to its lower surface area and smaller pore volume. These findings suggest that the silica gel is the best candidate for the removal and recovery of high concentrations of toluene vapor from gas stream through normal adsorption and vacuum desorption combined process at ambient temperature.
Mona A. Darweesh
Tanta university, Egypt
Title: Removal of Toxic Ni++ ions from waste water by nanobentonite
Biography:
Mona A. Darweesh has completed her PhD at the age of 33 years from Chemical Engineering Department , Faculty of Engineering , Alexandria University and postdoctoral studies from Tanta University ,Faculty of Engineering. She is the Head of Physics and mathematics Engineering Department , Faculty of Engineering ,Tanta University. Head of the Chemical analysis lab(faculty of Engineering , Tanta university) this lab makes analysis of cement ,sand, steel pipe and water to the industry . She makes a connection with some Factories like factory of fertilizers to solve their Environmental problems . She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals .
Abstract:
Removal of Ni++ ions from aqueous solution by sorption onto nanobentonite was investigated. Experiments were carried out as a function amount of nanobentonite, pH, concentration of metal, constant time, agitation speed and temperature. The adsorption parameter of metal ions followed the Langmuir Freundlich adsorption isotherm were applied to analyze adsorption data. The adsorption process has fit pseudo-second order kinetic models. Thermodynamics parameters e.g. ΔG*, ΔSo and ΔHo of adsorption process have also been calculated and the sorption process was found to be endothermic. The adsorption process has fit pseudo-second order kinetic models. Langmuir and Freundich adsorption isotherm models were applied to analyze adsorption data and both were found to be applicable to the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters, e.g., ∆Go , ∆So and ∆Ho of the on-going adsorption process have also been calculated and the sorption process was found to be endothermic. Finally, it can be seen that Bentonite was found to be more effective for the removal of Ni (II) same with some experimental conditions.