Recycling:Reduce , Reuse and Recycle

The nutrient footprint is an indicator which combines the number of nutrients captured for use in the production chain and the percentage of nutrients used either in the primary product or in the entire system (primary+secondary products). We defined N and P flows associated with the Finnish beef production and consumption chain and tested the nutrient footprint method using data from a Finnish beef Life Cycle Assessment study. Each 1000kg of Finnish beef consumed requires 1700kg N and 189kg P during its life cycle. The percentage of virgin nutrient is more than 50% for N, but only 25% for P. Nutrient use efficiency in the primary product and the entire system is 1% and 47%, respectively, for N and 0.2% and 74%, respectively, for P. The most nutrients were lost during wastewater treatment. Apart from wastewater treatment, NUE (P) was lowest in the food

consumption and processing phases. In the processing, P was lost in the body parts (skull, brain, spinal cord and vertebrae) which are incinerated as class 1 risk materials of TSEs. In the food-processing phase, 28% of animal N and 56% of animal P ends up in the secondary products, especially animal skin (14% of animal N and 1% of animal P). In transition towards a sustainable nutrient performance in protein production and consumption, it is essential to define identify the hot spots of nutrient leakage

in order us to be able to close those and to improve protein economy