Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Maria Holuszko
University of British Columbia, Canada
Keynote: High voltage pulse fragmentation for metal liberation from waste LED lamps
Biography:
Maria Holuszko has more than 25 years of experience in Mineral and Coal Processing Engineering working with industry, academia, and government. Her first position was at the University of Alberta, followed by the Alberta Research Council. In the 1990s she held a Senior Licensed Scientist positon at the British Columbia Ministry of Energy in Victoria, BC and she was engaged in consulting work for the mining industry before she decided to pursue her PhD studies at UBC. After completing her PhD degree in 2006, she moved to Australia to work at the Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre, the Center of Excellence for Mineral Processing at the University of Queensland. Currently she is working as an Assistant Professor in Mineral Processing and Urban Mining Engineering Department at University of British Columbia, Canada. Her main research interest includes Mineral and Coal Processing, Minerals and Coal Characterization, Coal and Biomass utilization, Urban Mining.
Abstract:
Lighting products are the most commonly used electrical products around the globe. With the improvement in lamp technologies, lighting products have grown complex. These lamps consist of various valuable metals, non-metals and traces of hazardous substances. A major step in the metal recovery process is size reduction. SELFRAG is a high voltage selective fragmentation comminution technology that uses high voltage pulses to efficiently separate the metals at coarse size as the breakage occurs along the interface/boundary thus enhancing selective comminution. Since the process utilizes a water medium, the loss of fines would be minimized and the liberation occurring at a coarser size should improve the recovery in the subsequent processes. This research looked into the applicability of high voltage pulse fragmentation for light emitting diodes (LED) lamps. Eight different types of LED lamps were processed through the SELFRAG unit at varying pulses to study metal liberation. The product obtained was characterized for metal liberation, metal grades, and liberation analysis. The specific energy consumption for this size reduction process was also monitored. The results showed that the high voltage can liberate metal at the coarser fraction without generating too much fine. With the increase in input energy, the degree of liberation for various components increased for the coarsest size fraction. On the other hand, LED lamps with metallic casing were not affected by the high voltage and hence no breakage was observed. At the same time, the energy is very high compared to the conventional crushing and grinding technology used in the mining industry.
Keynote Forum
Muhammad Abdul Jalil
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh
Keynote: Investigation of biogas generation from the wastes of a vegetable market of Bangladesh
Biography:
Abdul Jalil has completed first grade junior scholarship, Education Board scholarship, and BUET merit scholarship. He received his BSc in Civil Engineering in 1986 from BUET. He obtained his MSc in Civil Engineering in 1988 specializing in Environmental Engineering from the same university. He received his PhD in Civil Engineering in 1993 from Tokyo University, Japan under Asian Development Bank Scholarship. He conducted Postdoctoral Research on Water Management in Loughborough University, UK under Commonwealth Fellowship during 2005-2006. He was appointed as a Lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering of BUET in 1986 just after his graduation. He was promoted to the post of Assistant Professor in 1989. He became an Associate Professor in 1996. He was appointed as a Professor in 2001. He has published over 37 papers up to now in international and national journals, proceedings of conferences and seminars. He presented a number of papers in home and abroad. He has worked a member of different committees of national organizations. He worked in a number of national and international research projects. He also works as a Consultant and completed over 45 important national development projects.
Abstract:
This paper presents the results of two sets of laboratory experiments on biogas generation from the wastes of a rural market of Bangladesh. Only the easily biodegradable wastes were used as the substrate for biogas production. Daily average composition of the wastes was used in the experiments. Cow dung, cauliflower stick, papaya and potato were the major biodegradable wastes. The average total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) concentrations of the raw substrate were determined and found to be 17.84% and 13.85% respectively. The experimental setups were placed in a large closed chamber containing a room heater. The room heater was operated at 35°C to maintain a favorable condition for anaerobic digestion of the substrate. Daily feed reactors were used in the experiments. In the first setup, 750 g waste was initially added in a 5 L reactor and inoculum was added to make the effective volume of 2 L (single chamber reactor), and a double chamber reactor (two digesters of 1.5 L volume each, connected in series) was initially fed with 750 g wastes (350 g in each digester) and inoculum was added to make the effective volume of 1 L for each digester. The single chamber reactor was operated for 58 days whereas the double chamber reactor was run for only 23 days. Considering the hydraulic retention time as 40 days, from the 2nd day of operation, each reactor was fed daily with a mixture of 18.75 g wastes and required volume of tap water (natural groundwater) to make the total volume of 50 mL after dispensing equal volume of slurry from the reactor. The second set of experiment was similar to the double chamber reactor of the first setup, but it was operated for 58 days including the last 16 days operation at room temperature as the heater became out of order. In case of the first setup, the temperature varied from 31°C to 36°C and it did not affect the rate of biogas generation. The results of the experiments revealed that for the organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.30 g VS/L/d, the daily stable biogas generation rate was 0.23 m3/ kg of VS added for the single chamber reactor, and the daily average rate of biogas production for the later half of the operation period was 0.40 m3/kg of VS added for the double chamber reactor. During the second set of experiment (double chamber reactor), the temperature varied in between 32°C and 36°C when the room heater was on and it did not affect the rate of biogas generation, and the average rate of biogas generation was 0.29 m3/kg of VS added for the OLR of 1.30 gVS/L/d. The room temperature varied from 22°C to 25°C and the sudden drop of the temperature by about 10°C affected the rate of biogas production greatly. At the room temperature, the stable rate of biogas generation was only 0.08 m3/kg of VS added.
Keynote Forum
Doron Lavee
Tel Hai Academic College, Israel
Keynote: Solid waste recycling benchmarking
Time : 11:15-11:45
Biography:
Doron Lavee holds a PhD in Public Economics from the Ben-Gurion University; an MA in Economics and an MBA in Business Administration and Economics from the Hebrew University. He is a Member of the Department of Economics and Management at Tel-Hai Academic College. He also serves as a Partner and General Manager of Pareto Group Ltd. He is a well-known expert with over 22 years of experience in economic and environmental consulting, financial advisory and strategic consulting in various fields, including issues related to economic efficiency and the periphery. He has extensive experience in managing complex projects and large-scale environmental economic consulting and conducting projects for the public and government sectors, including government ministries, local authorities, government corporations and public agencies.
Abstract:
The research analyses the factors influencing the recycling potential of municipalities. Previous studies have shown that a waste management system that combines both landfill and recycling may be economically efficient, yet in practice many municipalities still do not operate significant recycling programs. The current paper identifies factors that predict where potential for economically efficient recycling is highest. It is shown that a small number of municipal characteristics, for which data is readily available, determine the recycling potential of the municipality. By applying our simple model to such data, it is possible to predict with close to 90% accuracy whether or not recycling will be economically efficient in any given municipality. Government ministries and agencies working to advance preferred waste management solutions have at their disposal only limited resources and budget, and so must concentrate their efforts where they will be most effective. The paper thus provides a powerful tool to help policy makers direct their efforts to encourage recycling at those municipalities where recycling is optimal, effectively replacing the need to carry out costly individual cost-benefit analyses.
- Renewable Energy|Waste Management Techniques|Plastic Recycling|Waste Water Recycling| Solid Waste Management |Industrial Waste Recycling| Home-waste Management
Location: Hall - Sylt 4-5
Chair
Muhammad Abdul Jalil
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh
Co-Chair
Muscolo Adele
Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Italy
Session Introduction
Gloria Sanchez Santos
Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, Spain
Title: Waste stream treatment for obtaining safe reclaimed water and biomethane for transport sector to mitigate GHG emissions; Life Methamorphosis – LIFE14 CCM/ES/00865
Biography:
Gloria Sánchez Santos is a Chemist working in the service of Waste Prevention and Management in Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, local Government. She has 15 years of experience in waste management including mechanical and biological treatment anaerobic digestion and composting. In addition, she has experience working as a Technician, Quality Assessment and Researcher in waste water treatment plants and control of odors with biofilters. She collaborates in the establishment of service indicators and has at her charge the follow up of the yearly environmental and quality audit of the service processes.
Abstract:
The aim of the Life Methamorphosis project is to recover energy from organic solid waste from both urban and agroindustrial and farming sources to obtain alternative and sustainable fuels. This project wants to demonstrate the feasibility at an industrial scale of two innovative waste treatment systems: UMBRELLA and METHAGRO. The UMBRELLA prototype is installed in the Barcelona metropolitan plant of municipal waste treatment in Montcada i Reixac. It optimizes the energy used to treat waste water from the organic fraction treatment through the introduction of innovative anaerobic and autotrophic processes applied in series: the anaerobic membrane reactor (AnMBR) and the autotrophic nitrogen elimination system anammox ELAN®. It supposes more than 70% reduction in energy demand and up to 80% reduction of CO2 emissions compared to conventional treatments. Finally, the biogas produced is treated with the ABAD® cleaning and refining system so that the resulting biomethane is used for automotive. The METHAGRO prototype has been built in the Porgaporcs slurry treatment plant owned by Ecobiogas and located 35 km from Lleida, in order to mitigate the problems created by the uncontrolled production of pig slurry. It demonstrates the production of biomethane from biogas with a membrane-based upgrading system. This biogas produced can be used either directly in vehicles for transportation, or it can be injected into the natural gas distribution network. To use vehicles powered by biomethane produce 25% less CO2 emissions than those are powered by gasoline, and emit 85% less NOx compared with diesel engines. The project will contribute to the overall objective of moving towards a resource-efficient economy and the protection and improvement of environmental quality. Specifically, it aims to contribute to the development and demonstration of innovative technologies, methods and instruments designed to mitigate climate change, and their scaling, transfer or incorporation into other sectors.
Mohamed F Cheira
Nuclear Materials Authority, Egypt
Title: Removal of Pb2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ from wet process phosphoric acid by mueroxide impregnated activated bentonite
Biography:
Mohamed F Cheira has eighteen years of diverse experience in Applied Research, Management, as well as hands-on experience in the areas of Materials Synthesis, Mineral Processing, and Chemical Hydrometallurgy. He is an Associate Professor of Inorganic Chemistry and Head of Uranium and Thorium, Analysis Lab Member of Technical Office of the Labs and Member of Scientific Office, Nuclear Materials Authority.
Abstract:
The harmful inorganic impurities in wet process phosphoric acid are essentially removed by a simple and inexpensive method for environment applications. In this work, the highly efficient removal of Pb2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ cations ( >99%) from WPPA were investigated through a batch technique using mueroxide impregnated activated bentonite. The used adsorbent was prepared within a dry method. The experimental data showed high adsorption capacity of mueroxide impregnated activated bentonite toward Pb2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ cations into its active sites as 170, 115, 143 and 190 mg/g at 5 M acid concentration, respectively. Moreover, most of the heavy metals were completely adsorbed from WPPA (>98%) at 5 M acid concentration. The providing data indicated that the batch sorption technique retained its functionality to effectively remove Pb2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ cations even after six reuse/cycles, where the mueroxide impregnated activated bentonite can be regenerated using HCl. The real impurities removal from the Abu Zabaal wet process phosphoric acid using the adsorbent was assessed through the proposed protocol under optimum conditions.
Biography:
Oksana Horodytska is a PhD candidate in Chemical Engineering within the research group: Waste, Energy, Environment and Nanotechnology (WEEN) at the University of Alicante. She has been interested in waste management from her early days at the University where she started to work on the recovery of the waste ink from the printing industry. This experience helped her to develop a full awareness of the global waste generation issue and, thus, encourage her to embark on a research project based on the plastic films waste recycling. She believes that the plastic materials perfectly meet the customer´s requirements and supports their use for a large variety of applications. However, she also believes that high efficient recycling technologies are required to ensure the sustainable development of this industry.
Abstract:
Plastic films (e.g., shopping bags, flexible packaging, wraps) show different behaviour compared with rigid materials mainly due to its flexibility. During recycling, an efficient drying or dewatering of these materials is required to ensure the high quality of the recovered products. Despite the importance of good drying, this operation has not been studied at laboratory or pilot plant scale. In this work, the mechanical drying of high density polyethylene films by centrifugation has been assessed. A number of experiments were performed by using a laboratory centrifuge. The experimental results have been used to describe the process of water removal from the plastic flexible mass. Furthermore, the possibility of plastic cake formation, similar to the sludge cake, is suggested. The water is retained within the plastic cake due to three phenomenon: free water within the cake pores and voids, water maintained by capillarity (superficial and pendular) and the water trapped due to the tortuosity of the plastic mass. The experimental results showed that an optimum side length exists. The moisture content is minimized when the flake side lies between 1 and 2 cm. Finally, it has been found that the moisture content is a function of the plastic surface. Hence, the specific moisture content (the mass of water per total plastic surface) should be calculated to compare films with uneven thickness or made of different materials. In sum, the outcomes of this study could represent the fundaments of the further and more extensive research into the plastic films drying processes.
Muhammad Abdul Jalil
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh
Title: Treatment of Tannery Effluent by Electrocoagulation
Biography:
Md. Abdul Jalil has completed first grade junior scholarship, Education Board scholarship, and BUET merit scholarship. He received his BSc in Civil Engineering in 1986 from BUET. He obtained his MSc in Civil Engineering in 1988 specializing in Environmental Engineering from the same university. He received his PhD in Civil Engineering in 1993 from Tokyo University, Japan under Asian Development Bank Scholarship. He conducted Postdoctoral Research on Water Management in Loughborough University, UK under Commonwealth Fellowship during 2005-2006. He was appointed as a Lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering of BUET in 1986 just after his graduation. He was promoted to the post of Assistant Professor in 1989. He became an Associate Professor in 1996. He was appointed as a Professor in 2001. He has published over 37 papers up to now in international and national journals, proceedings of conferences and seminars. He presented a number of papers in home and abroad. He has worked a member of different committees of national organizations. He worked in a number of national and international research projects. He also works as a Consultant and completed over 45 important national development projects.
Abstract:
Electrocoagulation (EC) has been studied extensively throughout the world during the last decade for the treatment of various types of water and wastewater. The optimum treatment times, current densities and initial pH have been reported in the literature in the range of 5-60 minutes, 10-150 A/m2 and near neutral pH respectively for mostly high removal efficiencies. Both operating cost and electricity consumption costs have been indicated to vary between 0.0047-6.74 €/m3 and 0.002-58.0 kWh/m3. As EC has great potential in the field of water and wastewater purification, a study was carried out to determine the efficiency of EC to treat tannery effluent of Hazaribag, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of three raw effluent samples were collected from Hazaribag area and were treated in the Environmental Engineering Laboratory of BUET. The samples were tested for color, turbidity, BOD and COD. Stainless steel electrodes were used and batch experiments were conducted with 1.5 L capacity of the reactor at three different current densities (70, 140 and 210 A/m2). For each experimental run, samples were taken out from the reactor after 20, 40, 80 and 160 minutes flow of current. All these samples were then filtered and analyzed for color, turbidity, BOD and COD. Analysis of the results showed that the color removal efficiency varied from 48.3% to 98.7% having the best performance (86.4-98.7% removal efficiency) at the current density of 140 A/m2.The turbidity removal efficiency was found to be in the range of 82.4-99.6% with the best performance (98.9-99.6% removal efficiency) for the current density of 140 A/m2. The BOD5 removal efficiency variedfrom 49.6 to 93.3% and the best performance (80.9-93.3% removal efficiency) was at the current density of 140 A/m2. At the same current density, the COD removal efficiency varied within a very narrow range (76.3-78%) whereas it varied greatly (35-78%) when all the data were considered. The experimental results revealed that the optimum time and current density were 40 minutes and 140 A/m2 respectively for removal of color, turbidity, BOD and COD from the tannery effluent, and EC is an efficient process for treating tannery effluent especially for reveal of color and turbidity. The treated effluent can be recycled for various purposes.
Syamsuddin Hasan
Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Title: Utilization of urine and weed of Chromolaena odorata as a basic materials for liquid fertilizer
Biography:
Syamsuddin Hasan has his expertise in Forage and Crop Science. He has been a Lecturer of Faculty of Animal Science, University of Hasanuddin, South Sulawesi Indonesia since 1979. He was the Dean of Faculty of Animal Science, University of Hasanuddin from 2006 to 2014 for 2 periods. He was a Reviewer in The Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Technology of Indonesia since 2004-2016. He is active to join national and international conferences as well. His target is focusing on research. Now, he is enrolled as the Head of Forage Crops and Pasture Science Laboratory, University of Hasanuddin.
Abstract:
In Indonesia, livestock urine is considered as waste, while weed of Chromolaena odorata, which are very toxic to ruminants, is abundant in grassland area. These two materials have great potential to improve soil fertility because they can be made to organic fertilizer through fermentation. Fermentation of mixed urine, Chromolaena and water with the proportion of 25:25:50% added with small proportion of yeast tape, a liquid fertilized produced with nutrient contents of N, P2O5 and K2O was 2.3, 0.32 and 0.15%, respectively. The research results showed that the application of liquid fertilizer significantly improved (P<0.01) the growth and biomass production of Panicum maximum, Brachiaria decumbens and Pennisetum purpureum where Panicum maximum showed the best response.
Lauredan Le Guen
French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, France
Title: Treatment process of CDW: Promising link to complete circular economy in the civil engineering
Biography:
Lauredan Le Guen received his PhD in Civil Engineering (2012) from Ecole Centrale of Nantes, France. He works as permanent Researcher at the French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR) from 2012. He participated at one French national research program and one international research program with the University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) of Brazil. He supervised several Batchelor’s degree and Master’s students. His scientific production reaches 9 scientific publications, 1 book chapter and around 10 communications in national and international conferences.
Abstract:
Among the many environmental interactions with human activities, the construction and building materials (bricks, plaster, asphalt or cement concrete, clay materials and slurry) are recognized as a no negligible source of pressure on the environment. It is defined as the product of the linear economy, that is, an economy that digs resources out of the ground (e.g. rock materials), transforms them into products and buries in the ground, that is, in landfill sites, at the end of the life cycle of the product. Such an approach is wasteful, for both money and resources. An alternative, the circular economy (“cradle to cradle”), consists in remanufactured and/or reused materials such as today’s goods become tomorrow’s goods. The French energy transition law claims that by 2020, 60% of the building and construction materials will come from recycling also called construction and demolition waste (CDW). The process evolution of the construction waste management can be considered as one of the large challenge for the civil engineering community leading to several scientific issues to overcome. Currently, the plant used for the CDW treatment manufactures products for a “low cost” valorization because of the standards and the customers’ consideration and the economical concurrency. The adaptation and the modification of these plants are necessary in order to target the manufacturing of product to a high value valorization. Based on some recent studies, the perspectives of this new strategy seems to be promising.
Ann T W Yu
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Title: Onsite generation of electricity from discharged urine from male toilets in commercial, industrial and institutional buildings
Biography:
Ann T W Yu is an Associate Professor in the Department of Building and Real Estate of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. She has more than 10 years of experience in the field of Value Management and more than 15 years of experience in the field of Construction and Demolition Waste. She teaches in both undergraduate and postgraduate levels, conducting research projects and carrying out consultancy services. She was the Honorary Secretary of the Hong Kong Institute of Value Management for seven years. She is a Chartered Builder, Assistant Architect, Quantity Surveyor and Project Manager by profession. Her research interest includes C&D waste management, construction project management, value management, building procurement systems and sustainable construction. She has a strong track record and has published extensively on the broad theme of project management in leading construction management journals and international internal conference proceedings.
Abstract:
This research study explores the potential for producing electricity from discharged urine in the daily operation of male toilets in commercial, industrial and institutional buildings. The majority of the population in metropolitan cities lives in these high-rise buildings apart from residential buildings. High-rise buildings consume large amounts of energy in daily operation and release considerable amounts of waste including human urine into the environment. In addition, untreated urine from urinal of these buildings contains polluting organic compounds and requires energy-consuming treatment prior to discharge into waterways. Urea is a major composition of urine. Urea contains four hydrogen atoms which are less tightly bonded than H2O in water. Hydrogen, which is a clean source of energy, is considered by scientists as a promising fuel for future. Hydrogen and urea are produced in electrolysis of urine as shown in figures 1 and 2. Operation of hydrogen fuel cells are produced in electrolysis of urine. The generated hydrogen gas can be utilized to generate electricity for building operations. Ohio University in the USA has developed Ammonia Green Box® which can extract hydrogen gas directly from urine by electrochemical oxidation using an economical catalyst. Electricity is produced from the electrolysis of hydrogen gas in a hydrogen fuel cell. The simple and convenient hydrogen extraction process is suitable to be applied in high-rise developments. Production of electricity from urine can reduce power supply from the grid system and subsequently reduce building management cost.
Roberto Cavallo
E.R.I.C.A. soc. coop., Italy
Title: Ten actions towards Zero Waste: Practical actions for Municipalities, citizens and companies
Biography:
Roberto Cavallo was born in Turin in 1970. He is graduated in agronomical sciences and an international expert in environmental management, protection and safeguard. He is the cofounder of E.R.I.C.A. soc. coop., a leading company in technical consulting and environmental communication for public administrations and private firms. He is the author of several books and essays among which "Meno 100 kg. Recipes for a diet of our trash can" and "The Bible of ecology".
Abstract:
Waste management today must come to terms with entirely new conditions. Up to a hundred years ago every product used by men was biodegradable or made with a simple chemical compound already present in the environment. The problems of pollution were therefore temporary, due to an excess of local concentration, destined to be resolved by themselves with the decrease of the anthropic pressure. The synthetic chemistry then paved the way for non-biodegradable, bioaccumulative and long-term toxic products. In addition, waste today is pervasive and spreads rapidly throughout the planet through rivers, lakes, oceans, emissions into the atmosphere ... What we "throw" into the environment lasts for thousands of years and produces irreversible damage. Definitely an inconvenient legacy for future generations. Dealing with a "zero waste" strategy is more than ever an act of profound responsibility and absolute necessity. Italy is the first nation in the world for the number of administrations, territorial realities and movements committed on the path towards "zero waste". The text presents the best Italian experiences towards "zero waste" and proposes guidelines to public administrations, businesses and citizens to prevent the negative impacts of waste. It deals with the following topics: waste prevention, reuse, recycling, recycling (supply chains, valorization, reproduct), organic waste and composting, economic instruments, eco-design as a waste prevention tool, communicating with citizens, the analysis of undifferentiated waste and the extended responsibility of the producer, what to do with what seems to be non-recyclable.