World Congress and Expo on Recycling July 20-22, 2015 TRYP Barcelona Apolo Hotel, Barcelona, Spain

Kyung-Soo Park received his PhD from the Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering of Korea University in 2011. Now he is a senior research scientist in Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE). His research interest includes recycling of e-waste and waste glass. Chan Gi Lee received Doctoral degree at Kyushu University in 2009. He was Post-Doctoral Fellow in Micro-space Chemistry Solution team, Measurement Solution Research Center (MSRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Now he is a principal research engineer in Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE). His research interests include synthesis of nanomaterials and material recycling

A three-step, batch type recovery method was developed to produce indium powders from dilute indium chloride solutions prepared by dissolving indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes from waste liquid crystal display (LCD) panels in concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions. A 5-L batch process was used with individual experimental parameters for cementation, such as temperature and time, which were varied to optimize their eff ects on the physicochemical properties and purity of the recovered indium powders and the recovery rate. A validation experiment was performed by preparing indium bearing solutions in a 5-180 min kinetic study of indium cementation with aluminum in aqueous HCl solutions at 65ºC. Th e indium powders obtained from the cementation processes were further characterized using various analytical tools, such as ICP/AES, X-ray diff raction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Cementation at 60ºC for 10 min resulted in the optimal process effi ciency, with a recovery rate and indium purity of 70 and 99.8% respectively

Karolina Matuszek, has completed her study in 2012 from Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, specialization Chemical Technology. She is a third grade PhD student in the Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry at Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry (Gliwice, Poland). Her main fields of interests are: chemical technology, green chemistry, oxidation processes, alkylation processes and ionic liquids

Over the past 20 years, ionic liquids, supercritical fluids and water have become powerful alternatives to conventional organic solvents. Because of their properties, which include an undetectable vapour pressure, the ability to dissolve numerous organic and inorganic substances, high thermal stability, and a wide liquid phase range, ionic liquids have become one of the most promising new reaction media. The term “green solvents” has been used to describe ionic liquids because of their negligible vapour pressure. Significant efforts have been made to design “fully green”, non-toxic and biodegradable ionic liquids using renewable compounds as the starting materials. The synthesis of ionic liquids from environmentally sustainable and renewable raw materials is becoming more reasonable compared with the use of compounds derived from fossil feed stocks. Sugars appear to be suitable precursors for ionic liquids because they are among the most abundant and relatively inexpensive naturally occurring substances available. Research involving sugars for the preparation of ionic liquids has been limited and has only recently come to the forefront. There is continued pressure on chemical and pharmaceutical industries to reduce chemical waste and improve the selectivity and efficiency of synthetic processes. Case studies concerning the recoverable and recyclable catalysts for chemical processes like Diels-Alder reaction will be presented. The main emphasis will be placed on the application of ionic liquids as catalysts. The prevention of waste can be achieved if most of the reagents and the solvent are recyclable. The design and synthesis of recoverable catalysts will be demonstrated.

Romeu E Silva Neto has completed his Doctorate in Production Engineering from the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (2002) and Post-Doctorate in Industrial Economics from the Economics Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (2008). He is Currently Professor of Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering (Fluminense Federal Institute) and Professor and Coordinator of the Production Engineering course Technological Institute of Applied Social Sciences and Health (ISECENSA).

The gneiss rock industry is an important Local Productive Arrangement (LPA) in the Northeastern Region of Rio de Janeiro state. However, the companies in this LPA use rudimentary techniques in their productive processes resulting in an excess of waste, high production costs and low competitiveness. The high rate of discarded raw material generates a significant amount of polluting waste. The objective of this research study is to evaluate the technical viability of reusing this waste as raw material in the production of structural concrete. The concrete would be produced by first crushing the rocks and then using the crushed rocks as a coarse aggregate. In order to attain this objective, this research study developed an experimental case study to evaluate a rock sample from a company of the Local Productive Arrangement. The goal was to compare the resistance of concrete produced with the gneiss aggregate with the resistance of concrete produced with conventional aggregate. The results indicate that the resistance to compression of the concrete produced with the rock waste is very similar to that of concrete produced with conventional aggregate thereby making the production of structural concrete with coarse gneiss aggregate technically viable. The reuse of this material may generate the following benefits: Minimize environmental impacts caused by the inappropriate disposal of waste and generate complementary income for producers by transforming residues into a commercially viable product.

Tae-Wan Jeon has worked from 1994 in the National Institute of Environmental Research and is currently in charge of the related work, such as waste management and disposal, waste recycling purposes, the Basel Convention. He is a Doctor of Engineering and Director of resource recirculation research division.

In recent the National Assembly and the media of Korea arouse issues on the degradation in health and environments caused by heavy metals included in cement in addition to interests on the wastes used in cement kilns. Therefore, local residents, government and civilian organizations, experts, and cement production companies are gathered to form a committee for determining an autonomous guide for Chromium VI in Portland cement. Also, they investigated the criteria and analysis methods and established an autonomous management system in 2006 for the concentration of such heavy metals included in cement products including Chromium VI. In Korea, in the analysis methods for Chromium VI, the quantitative method was established by KS L 5221 Dec., 2007 and an autonomous agreement criteria (20 mg/kg) was determined between cement production companies since 2009. Then, the results of the analysis of heavy metals are to be published for every month, and the degree of pollution has been monitored. In Korea, because there are no test methods for such main and sub-materials and wastes, the concentrations of five major heavy metals, such as As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Hg, which are determined in the autonomous committee, are managed according to the US EPA test method. In this study a investigates some effective and reasonable test methods for establishing a guideline for the criteria of the heavy metal included in wastes applied to cement kilns. In addition, the concentrations of seven different heavy metals (Cr (â…¥), T-Cr, As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg) in cement products collected from 11 factories of 9 manufacturers are verified for every month and changes in the concentrations are also compared with the cement products of USA, Germany, China and Japan

María Carmen CarneroMoya has a Doctorate in Industrial Engineering from the University of Castilla-La Mancha (2001) and is a University Lecturer at the Technical School of Industrial Engineering at the University of Castilla-La Mancha. She has published two books, four chapters in science books, 43 research articles and 46 contributions to conferences. She was the Lead Researcher in three projects financed by the regional government and has been a part of 16 other European, national, regional and local projects and of five contracts.

Maintenance has traditionally been seen as an area that only creates costs but it is currently recognised as a field with a decisive effect on the productivity of organizations. While it is true that the importance of maintenance in determining availability of industrial plants, product quality, safety and costs has been widely analysed, the effect that specific maintenance policies, practices and methodologies could have on the environmental sustainability of organizations has been little studied. Good practice in maintenance has a direct effect by increasing the life cycle of facilities and equipment contributing to more sustainable use of raw materials needed for their construction. Similarly, good practice affects the quantity of spare parts used or obsolete parts thrown away, energy consumption of the organizations, the quantity of highly polluting waste generated in the form of used lubricants and defective batches of products caused by incipient failures in the machines. This study analyses the benefits that best practice in maintenance have for the environment contributing to a rational and sustainable use of human and material resources

Otto Andersen has completed his PhD on Industrial Ecology at Aalborg University. He is a researcher at Western Norway Research Institute, a leading environmental research organization. He has published more than 100 publications and is serving as an Editorial Board Member of multiple scientific journals

Reducing environmental impact is attempted through developing a new technology for utilizing waste Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) glass in the production of tiles. The implementation of the technology may considerable reduce the quantity of CRT waste, which today is piling up as a result of the transition to flat screen computer monitors and televisions. The purpose of the on-going project CRT Tile is to develop a new product - glass tiles manufactured exclusively from waste raw material. The research purpose of this project is to develop the process parameters in order to obtain a new product having physical and chemical parameters similar to conventional ceramic tiles. In the project realization, the cross-disciplinary team is selecting the conditions for glass material milling and controlling this process flow with the use of laser diffraction, while the examination of process parameters in pilot-plant scale, are conducted at the Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Department of Decoration Agents in Warsaw. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted by Western Norway Research Institute in order to reduce the environmental impact, and determine the environmental improvements inherent in this new technology

Byung Youn Min has completed his PhD from Chung-nam National University and Postdoctoral studies from Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). He is a Senior Researcher of Decontamination and Decommissioning Technology Development in KAERI. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals. His Research interest is in thermal hydraulic safety, decontamination & decommissioning technology R&D, radioactive waste disposal and melt decontamination for metal recycle and combustible waste incineration

Decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) has become one of the most important nuclear industries in developed countries including the USA, UK and France where D&D for retired nuclear facilities have been carried out at a large scale. Large quantities of contaminated metal waste have been generated from decommissioning projects. Contaminated metal waste represents a considerable storage volume as well as significant cost since it must be maintained and monitored indefinitely in secure storage. The high cost of either disposal or storage requires that the volume of the material be minimized. Melt decontamination can be used to achieve three aims as size or volume reduction of wastes, decontamination through binding of the contaminants in the slag phase (U), decontamination through volatilization (Cs, Sr) and homogeneous distribution of contaminants within the bulk metal (Co). In addition, cost reductions may be possible because melting will create ingots that homogeneous the waste formwhich makes waste characterization simpler and easier and stable the final waste package. Therefore, there may not be a requirement for additional packing of the waste. In Korea, two decommissioning projects have been carried out owing to the retiring of nuclear research facilities (KRR-1 & KRR-2) and a uranium conversion plant (UCP). More than 400 tons of radioactive metal waste was generated during the decommissioning project. For the purpose of the volume reduction and reuse, KAERI was selected melt decontamination technology using high frequency induction furnace with 350 kg/batch. The ingot samples were taken by molten metal. 60Co remained in the ingot and 137Cs was not detected into the ingot. The level of specific activity in the ingot was found to be very low level below 10-3Bq/g

Joonchul Choi has completed his Doctorate in a metallurgical engineering from Hanyang University. He is now the vice president of ER Metal Co. Ltd., which is a company of recycling E-scraps. He has published more than 10 papers in well-reputed journals and has served “The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling” as an Editorial Board Member

Research works have been performed to recover valuable metals from the waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) via. mechanical processing, hydro- and pyro-metallurgical processing. The PCBs contain resin, glass-wool and metals such as Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Sn, etc. Recycling the PCBs is significant in relation to the recovery of valuable metals extracted from PCBs via. wet chemical processes and dry processes, i.e. the extraction of copper and precious metals such as gold, silver, and palladium. As a result of these works, it has been demonstrated that processes applied in these works are most pertinent to a separation of metal fractions from polymers and ceramics. The resin separated from the PCBs via. the mechanical treatment can be recycled as Polyol. In order to reduce the environmental load caused by the wasted acid, the waste acid recycling experiment was conducted. A recycling of wasted acid can reduce an amount of wasted acid which is being generated from processes as well as an amount of acid which is being used for processes. About 80% of waste acid was recycled. The recovery rate and the purity of a metal were over than 90% and 99.9%, respectively.

Fabrizio Cumo is a Nuclear Engineer, and Professor in Applied Physic Faculty of Architetture – University of Rome "La Sapienza . He operates in the Institute of the Valorization and Restoration of Cultural Heritage of Italian CNR (ICVBC) –section of Rome. He is the member of the board of the CITERA center and director of the Master “BIM” Building Integrated Modelling. He is the Leader of some international research groups for the responsible use of energy in residential area and the use of renewable sources. He is the author of more than 120 papers regarding the fields of energetic, environmental applied physic (IAQ, heat transfer and lightning) and architecture technologies

The main goal in upcycling municipal waste as technical components for the building industry is to comply with the pressing requirements coming from NZEB policy adopted in EU framework program Horizon 202020. CITERA research center, in cooperation with Lazio District has developed different components for the building envelope up cycling wood pallet, plastic and glass bottle, tires and aluminum cans, with high thermal and acoustic performance according to Italian latest building energy regulation (D.lgs. 311/2006). This component can be used both for vertical elements and for horizontal floors both for new constructions and for main refurbishment. A first application of this technology is a new model of social housing for elderly coming from the needs expressed in the position paper of Italian government on ageing society regarding the built environment. In fact the planning and design approach will need to incorporate the values and perspectives arising from this new cultural and demographic scenario, adapting solutions to meet the needs of ageing societies. Understanding the evolving needs of older adults, as they progressively arise in life, is the first step towards finding flexible solutions providing assistance while encouraging ageing in place (home/neighbourhood/services). The proposed flexible housing model is the first result of an International cooperation program between Italy and the kingdom of Sweden for the years 2014-2017 on the ageing society’s issues

María Carmen CarneroMoya has a Doctorate in Industrial Engineering from the University of Castilla-La Mancha (2001) and is a University Lecturer at the Technical School of Industrial Engineering at the University of Castilla-La Mancha. She has published two books, four chapters in science books, 43 research articles and 46 contributions to conferences. She was the Lead Researcher in three projects financed by the regional government and has been a part of 16 other European, national, regional and local projects and of five contracts

Healthcare organizations are the only kind of company which generates all the types of waste: General, urban-like sanitary waste, potentially infectious sanitary waste, bodies and human remains chemical, cytotoxic and radioactive waste. Although it is considered that 20% of all waste generated is dangerous, this quantity may be higher if appropriate separation is not carried out. Nevertheless, despite the influence of healthcare organizations on the environment, there is a severe lack of assessment systems for comparing the results of environmental sustainability between healthcare organizations; this may be due to the lack of common indicators applied or standard benchmarks, different data acquisition procedures, etc. This contribution describes a multicriteria model which facilities environmental sustainability benchmarking in healthcare organizations. A series of relevant criteria have therefore been defined, suited to the number of services offered by health care organizations. This model allows the environmental situation of an organization to be more objectively assessed and shows how corrective actions or improvements contribute over time to environmental sustainability

Paper presents the possibilities of recycled aggregate application in concrete mix-recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) for the needs of construction of reinforced concrete structures. Application of concrete wastes for recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) used in structural members is associated with an increased risk for in the structure. Presence of pollutions in the wasted concrete may influence the quality of recycling concrete and the behavior of the structure. Using of RAC may have reduced compressive and tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, increased shrinkage and creeping. There are also few publications concerning the use of concrete made of aggregates from recycling for the creation of elements of construction, such as, beams, walls or slabs under long term load. In own test research several reinforced concrete beams with different specimen were created with the use of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and tested under long term load for evaluation of the deformability and flexural capacity showing that RAC may be fully valuable structural material with some important reservations, which are explained in the paper.

In the last couple of years the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) gathered attention as a very special section of waste due to its complex composition mainly consisting of valuable metals. Recovering metals from WEEE can provide an attractive additional income within the disposal process of end-of-life electric and electronic equipment. Th is paper aims to present a comprehensive study about the infl uence of pH, temperature and concentrations on the leaching of metals from diff erent types of WEEE (LCD boards, wires and batteries scrap) in per-sulfate environment. Based on experimental results a reaction mechanism and the reaction kinetics were determined and quantifi ed by means of complex kinetic models. Parameters of the developed shrinking core model under chemically controlled processes fi tted to experimental results. Th e comparison of the measured and calculated mass of dissolved metals show good agreement so the developed model can be used to design the leaching subsystem of a metal recovering technology

Salomatina Lilia is Doctor of Economics and a Professor. She defended her Doctoral thesis in 1999 at the Institute of Industrial Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on “The Strategy of conversion of military industry of Ukraine.” She is a senior research fellow at the Institute. She has completed several international projects, published more than 150 scientifi c papers. She is an Editorial Board Member of the journal “Economy of Industry”.

Disposal of electronic waste - one of the key tasks of the modern consumer society. It is shown that the correct solution depends on its many consequences - from rising welfare in the correct disposal and return back to the production cycle (gold, silver, platinum, nickel, molybdenum, various plastics, glass) to create the pre-requisites of environmental disasters due to ingress of harmful substances environment (mercury, lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, fl ame retardants, vinyl chloride, polybrominated biphenyls). Government eff orts to control the spread in this area, is not only legally, but also in the information fi eld and reformatories and enlightenment. Aft er all, every member of society awareness of global consequences of improper disposal of electronic waste depends on the global environment. To Ukraine, this problem is very urgent - in the country annually produces about 500 thousand tons of e-waste that is potentially dangerous. Th e experience in the fi eld of recycling, analyzed the legal framework based on the European legislation in this area. It is shown that to be done by improving the legal framework of environmental legislation to the eff ective control of their observance.

Recycling of used Ni-based superalloy scrap is important since it contains various valuable metals such as Ni, Co, Cr, W, Ta, Re, etc. Especially we focused on the extraction of the most expensive Re from PWA1484 superalloy scrap for developing a hydrometallurgical recycling process. The superalloy scrap was pretreated by Ni-Alintermetallic compound formation for easy combination. The extraction of Re was processed by two stage leaching; acid leaching for removing Ni, Al, Co, Cr was followed by electro generated chlorine leaching for Re dissolution. In the first stage, over 99 % of Ni, Al, Co, and Cr was leached in 60 minutes at 90oC in 4 mol L-1 HCl solution, whereas only less than 3 % of Re was leached in the case of lower solid/liquid ratio than 40 g/L. Over 97 % of the remaining rhenium in the residue from the first stage was leached out in 50 minutes using the electro generated chlorine as an oxidant at 80oC in 4mol L-1HCl solution. Most of tantalum was remained in the finial residue. In sulfuric acid solutions, the dissolution of Re was suppressed less than 2% at higher solid/liquid ratio, while it was not in hydrochloric acid solutions. However, the leaching of Al, Co, Cr was reduced with increasing solid/liquid ratio in sulfuric acid solution