Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Sirpa Kurppa
Natural Resources Institute Finland, Finland
Keynote: Recycle nutrients today for a better tomorrow
Time : 09:00-09:30
Biography:
Sirpa Kurppa is a specialist in the ecology of food production systems. She has wide-ranging science experience from more than 30 years, and has provided expert input into EU Rural Foresight studies and into work of the Committee for the Future of the Finnish Parliament, into the National Food Strategy and into the Strategy for Sustainable Consumption and Production. She attended preparing a proposal on green growth for the Finnish Parliament and preparing the Finnish strategy for bioeconomy. From 2013-2015, she was a member in the EU Bioeconomy Panel, and from 2014 a member of the National Nutrition Council.
Abstract:
Accelerated cycling of nutrients is principally due to three changes in the global food system: Increase in population, changes in diet towards more phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) intensive products, and industrialization of agriculture. Methodology nutrient footprint takes into account 1) the amount of nutrients taken into use as virgin or recycled nutrients and 2) the efficiency of these nutrients utilized in the particular production chain. At the same time, nutrient losses at each life cycle phase are identified. Hence, the nutrient footprint is an indicator, which combines the amount of captured nutrients, kg of N and P, for use in the production chain and the share of nutrients utilized % either in the primary product itself or in the entire production chain, accounting also for secondary products. The nutrient footprint methodology seems to have potential in assessing the nutrient balances of food chains as well other bio-based production chains. It offers information about the nutrient usage and utilization efficiency in a simple and comparable form. The definition of the hot spots of nutrient leakage of the entire food chain, in order to be able to close them, is essential to determine in transition towards sustainable nutrient economy and proper nutrient performance. The food chain can be remarkably improved with of the Nutrient Footprint-tool by improving the efficiency of nutrient use of the whole chain or the part of the chain. The results can be adapted as general view of nutrient management in communication with consumers and politicians.
Keynote Forum
Irene M C LO
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
Keynote: Food waste collection and recycling for renewable biogas fuel production in Hong Kong
Time : 09:30-10:00
Biography:
Irene M C LO is currently a full Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. She is an elected Academician of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Fellow of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, and Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers. She received her PhD degree in Civil (Environmental) Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1992. She has held 2 patents, edited 7 technical books, and published over 260 SCI journal articles and conference papers with citations about 4500 and H-index of 35.
Abstract:
To tackle the food waste issue in Hong Kong, a framework of food waste collection and recycling for food waste valorization is proposed. The framework consists of a simple food waste separation and collection process involving less behavioral change of residents and food waste recycling for renewable biogas fuel production. Food waste can be packed in an optic bag (i.e., green bag), while the residual municipal solid waste (MSW) can be packed in a common plastic bag. All the wastes are then sent to the refuse transfer stations, in which food waste is separated from the residual MSW using an optic sensor. The optic sensor can achieve a separation efficiency of food waste and residual MSW as high as 98%. The collected food waste is then sent to the proposed Organic Waste Treatment Facilities for biogas production via anaerobic digestion technology. The biogas (with methane content of 50-70% by volume) can be upgraded using water scrubbing technology and valorized as a biogas fuel for vehicle use (with methane content of 98% by volume). The application of biogas vehicle fuel from food waste has been widely adopted by some countries such as Sweden, Norway, and France. By converting 1,080 tonnes per day of food waste into biogas fuel as a petrol substitute for vehicle use in Hong Kong, it is estimated to fuel around 12,000 passenger cars per day, equivalent to about 2.6% of registered passenger cars in Hong Kong. In addition, it reduces about 1.9% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector. This percentage reduction is higher than the percentage reduction of GHG emissions for the transport sector in Hong Kong in 2010 with reference to the year 2005.
Keynote Forum
François O. MÉAR
Lille North of France University, France
Keynote: E-BABE- From waste CRT glasses to foam glass: a case of study to re-use electric and electronic end of life materials
Time : 10:00-10:30
Biography:
Francois O. Méar has completed his PhD at the age of 29 years from Montpellier II University and postdoctoral studies from Cambridge and Tohoku University. He is assistant professor at Lille I University and specificly in the Catalysis and Solid State Chemistry Unit. FOM is working on the formulation of glass matrices for unconventional applications (e.g. containment matrices for nuclear waste, seals glass for SOFC) and on the synthesis of self-healing glassy matrices. He has published more than 35 papers in reputed journals, 1 patent and 2 book chapters.
Abstract:
Necessity of recycling industrial wastes figures among daily environmental and economic priorities. Glass is known as an "eternal" recyclable material. Generally, glass cullet is re-used in the container and window glass industry. For cathode ray tube (CRT) glass, the situation is different. This work is devoted to search of possible applications for waste cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) glasses. Heavy elements contained in the glasses are required be buried land field by producers and recyclers of CRT’s.rnFoam glass seems to be the most promising for waste CRT glasses recycling. Today, commercial foam glasses are used for thermal and acoustic insulation applications resulting of their porous structure. The foam glass is obtained after heat treatment of a powder mixture of the CRT glass and reducing agent such as titanium nitride or silicon carbide. The basic principle of foam glass manufacture is to generate a gas, by reaction with the reducing agent. The gas expands thus producing a structure of cells to form a porous body.
Keynote Forum
Gary Leeke
Cranfield University,UK
Keynote: Recycling of Carbon Fibre: Re-use and Re-manufacture
Time : 10:45-11:05
Biography:
Gary Leeke is Chair in Chemcial Engineering and Head of the Bioenergy and Resource Management Centre at Cranfield University, UK. His research interests lie in the areas of recycling enabling technologies and resource efficiency. He has expertise in high pressure engineering and thermo-chemical processing, specifically in reaction engineering, separation technology, flow reactors, and their applications to polymer/composite processing and remanufacture, mixed plastic waste and the circular economy. He leads the EXHUME project in the UK investigating the deconstruction of fibre reinforced composites. Gary sits on the Composites Leadership Forum Sustainability Working Group for Composites UK
Abstract:
With the ever increasing use of carbon fibre reinforced composites (CFRCs), there is growing concern regarding the level of waste the industry is expected to produce. Approximations vary, but some estimates state the demand will increase by up to 10%per year from 78 kt in 2014 to 150 kt in 2020. In addition to various products reaching end-of-life, there is also the necessity to dispose of waste generated from the manufacturing process, which can be up to 40% of all the material needing reprocessing. Despite being a relatively cheap disposal method at £82.60 per tonne in the UK, landfilling waste is the least preferred option and is already outlawed in Germany with other countries expected to follow suit. Commercial recycling technologies for CFRCs focus on the use of pyrolysis but do not effectively close the loop due to the loss of the polymer matrix which is typically about 50 wt.%. Chemical recycling (solvolysis) uses an appropriate solvent to depolymerise the resin and release the fibres and eventually, the fillers or inserts. This approach enables the recovery of monomers and other chemicals from the resin and high-quality fibres. In this presentation the viable recycling methods are presented and discussed, together with their LCA. Demonstrator products manufactured from fibres recovered after a solvolysis recycling process are presented, in particular materials with randomly distributed carbon fibre tows and materials with realigned carbon fibre tows, of which the mechanical properties were measured. The results are discussed in relationship with the material structure and composition.
- Industrial waste recycling
- Track 1: Industrial waste recyclingTrack 2: Waste management TechniquesTrack 3: E-Waste Recycling and Management
Chair
Nour-Eddine Menad
Bureau of Geological and Mining sought, France
Co-Chair
Enric Vazquez
University of Catalunya, Spain
Session Introduction
Nour-Eddine Menad
BRGM (Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières), France
Title: WEEE-ReStraM - Recycling of strategic metals from wastes of electric and electronic equipments
Time : 11:50-12:10
Biography:
Nour-Eddine Menad has completed his PhD from National School of geology of Nancy (France) and worked as Associate Professor at Technical University of Lulea (Sweden). He is scientific expert on process development on recycling of industrial wastes. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and conferences, 4 patents and is in the board committee of Edorium Journal of Waste Management. At the moment, he is working at BRGM (Bureau de recherché Géologique et minière) on development of separation techniques applied on the urban mine to recover stratégic metals.
Abstract:
The developed countries face a persistent concern about the supply of certain strategic metals, which are essential to the development of innovative high-tech industries, and particularly those associated with green energy. The recent political crisis caused by China towards the Japan putting the rare earth elements supply in balance (95% of the world's needs) did that amplify those concerns. The fundamental issue is to ensure the supply of industries manufacturing for which these chemical compounds made from rare metals and alloys are indispensable, even though their availability shows vulnerabilities at different levels of their supply chain. In this context, the European Union released its report 'Critical raw materials for the EU' that identifies 20 metals described as strategic for the European economy as a whole. Among these strategic metals contained in different electronic devices of certain WEEE categories are a priority target of growing and becoming interest. The new technologies that use more strategic metals (SM) contribute to growing and sustainable demand, at the time, of these substances. Europe is one of the most important regions of SM consumption through its industries with high added values. In the last decades, Europe has also accumulated the consumer goods that arrived at end of life, and are considered as secondary resources which SM including rare earth elements (REEs) can be extracted. The development of a specific sector to recover these metals must therefore become a priority. The main objective of this work is the implementation of effective techniques of recovery, treatment and valorization of WEEE. In this presentation, I will present the results of recovery of REEs from permanent magnets in hard disk drives, French project (Extrade).
Sébastien Déon
Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France
Title: Nanofiltration for removing toxicity of industrial wastewaters
Time : 12:10-12:30
Biography:
Sébastien Déon obtained his PhD degree from the University of South Brittany in 2007 on the modeling of transport through nanofiltration membranes. In 2008, he became Assistant Professor at the University of Franche-Comté where he has broadened his areas of expertise to electrokinetic characterizations of membrane materials and fouling cakes. Currently, he is Associate Professor and his skills are mainly dedicated to water treatment by membrane processes. He is also the Author or Co-author of one book, twenty four publications in international recognized journals, and twenty presentations in international conferences. His expertise in reviewing scientific papers led him to become an Associate Editor of International Journal of Membrane Science & Technology and an Editorial Board Member of several peer-reviewed journals such as International Journal of Chemical Engineering.
Abstract:
Nowadays, the recycling of wastewaters is an overriding challenge since population becomes aware of health and environmental issues due to industrial pollution. Therefore, industries have to develop innovative processes to minimize the amount of toxic substances in their discharges. Within this context, pressure-driven membranes appear to be a potential alternative to remove micro-pollutants from aqueous solutions. In this study, the possibility of implementing a nanofiltration step to remove toxicity was firstly investigated on synthetic solutions containing metal ions at various concentrations (with or without salinity). Afterwards a real discharge water from a French surface treatment industry was filtrated in high permeate recovery mode and performances were investigated over filtration time. All these experiments have demonstrated that metal rejections are higher than 90% irrespective of the solution investigated. The impact of this NF step on living organisms was also examined before and after treatment on both hatching of snail eggs and mobility inhibition of an aquatic crustacean. These eco-toxicological tests have shown that solutions containing only metallic ions have almost fully lost their toxicity after nanofiltration, whereas a non-negligible detrimental impact on snail egg hatching was found with the discharge water. It is worth noting that, contrary to snail egg hatching, crustacean mobility was found to be unaltered by the treated effluent and the choice of the bioassay has proven to be a core issue for such studies.
E David
National Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, Romania
Title: Obtaining of selective porous materials from recycling of industrial waste coal fly ash for applications in environmental protection
Time : 12:30-12:50
Biography:
David Elena is a Graduate of Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MS-in Physics-Chemistry of Surface and Analytic Chemistry of “Babes-Bolyai” University from Cluj-Napoca, Romania. He serves as a Doctor in Chemical Science, Assoc. Prof., Head of Laboratory: Carbonic Materials, Composites & Analysis Techniques, at National Research Institute of Cryogenics & Isotope Technologies-ICIT Rm.Valcea, Romania. His overall research topics approached concern to renewable energy sources; conservation of energy; energy from waste; methods and mechanisms for the reduction of pollution; methods of waste recycling and tests to determine their toxicity; development of analysis techniques with applications in energy & environment fields.
Abstract:
The fast increase in population and the economic growth have determined an increase in energy demand. The coal reserves are distributed worldwide, and coal is known to be the most stable and available energy source. However, utilization of coal as an energy source involves the generation of a huge amount of coal ash, and the recycling rate of this is rather low. In this paper, an environmentally friendly method for coal ash recycling is described. This refers to zeolite obtaining from industrial waste coal ash (CFA) by two stages of fusion and hydrotermal synthesis methods, with or without acid washing pretreatment using different conditions. The synthesized zeolites were then tested for CO2 adsorption from flue gas. From experimental results, it was found that the impurities (i.e., Mg, Ca, Fe, Ti, K oxides) in CFA are efficiently removed by acid washing pretreatment. From three different acids used (i.e. H2SO4, HNO3 and HCl), HCl shown the highest pretreatment performance, while the most suitable pretreatment conditions to enhance high purity raw material, up to 80-90% purity, were by using 25%HCl the acid to CFA ratio of 20 ml HCl/gCFA at 75°C for 4 h. After fusion at 550ºC with NaOH/CFA mass ratio of 2 and further crystallization at 85ºC for 4 h, the pretreated CFA was transformed to zeolite. Regarding CO2 adsorption testing, prepared zeolite provided high CO2 adsorption capacity when the gas composition was 15% CO2, in nitrogen, simulating CO2 concentration in flue gas, and zeolite adsorption performance is comparable with the used commercial sorbents.
Helena Maria Vieira Monteiro Soares
University of Porto, Portugal
Title: A nearly closed environmental friendly process for recovering metals with high yield and purity from spent hydrodesulphurization catalysts
Time : 12:50-13:10
Biography:
Helena Maria Vieira Monteiro Soares has completed her PhD from University of Porto, Portugal. Her main research is focused on the selective recovery of metals from wastewaters and secondary resources. She has published about 70 papers in ISI journals, coordinated several national projects and has been serving as Project Evaluator of advanced fellowships and grants from the Portuguese and other international (EU, South Africa, Chile) research agencies.
Abstract:
HDS catalysts are extensively used in the petroleum refining industry. When they can no longer be used, the catalysts become solid wastes (around 120,000 tons per year are produced), which are classified as hazardous materials. The present work was centered in the recovery of Ni and Mo from a spent Ni-Mo catalyst and subsequent separation steps in order to recovery each metal with high yield and purity. The HDS catalyst was initially roasted and chemically characterized (12.1, 30 and 2.6% of Mo, Al and Ni, respectively). Then, the leaching of Mo and Ni was studied using a microwave assisted method in two subsequent independent stages: The first to recover Mo using an alkaline (NaOH) leaching and the second to recover Ni using acid (H2SO4) leaching. Results were compared with a conventional leaching procedure. Microwave assisted leaching led to better extraction efficiencies (89% of Mo and >90% of Ni for alkaline and acid leaching, respectively) and selectivity (only in the case of the alkaline leaching, where Al dissolution was only 6%) and lower heating times. Recovery of Mo from the alkaline leachate was achieved by precipitation in the form of SrMoO4 (96% of yield with 99% of purity). Molecular recognition technology, using SuperLig® 167 resin, enabled an easy and efficient separation of the metals (Ni, Mo and Al) present in the H2SO4 leachate into mono-metal solutions (Al in the raffinate, Mo and Ni in the alkaline and acid eluates, respectively) with high yield (99.7, 100 and 87% respectively) and purity (99.3, 99.8 and 98.7% respectively).
M Sulyman
Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Title: Utilization of recycled polyurethane foam and ground tire rubber for asphalt modifications: Basic and rheological properties
Time : 13:50-14:10
Biography:
M. Sulyman was born in 1976. He got his MSc. degree in 2008 from Academy of Graduate Studies and the B.Sc. degree in 2000 from Al-Mergheb University in the field of chemical engineering in Libya. Currently he is a PhD student at Polymer Technology Department, Gdansk University of Technology in Poland. His interests of research are environmental and polymer engineering. His main research is asphalt polymer blend using polymer waste materials. Additional interest work is wastewater treatment using green adsorbents prepared from agricultural by-products/wastes
Abstract:
Today’s one of the major problems in the world is the environment pollution created by either industrial or human huge landfill disposal of polymer waste materials such as expired automobile tires, plastics and polyurethane foams wastes. Recycled polymers applied to asphalt binder used in road pavement construction is considered the best choice to overcome such environmental problem by reducing the large quantities of such wastes and improve the engineering properties of the asphalt binder. This study investigates the feasibility of using scrap polyurethane foam (PUF) and ground tire rubber (GTR) separately. The modified asphalt blend samples were initially prepared in a molten state: in one time as singular additives composed GTR and PUF and in another time as multiple additives composed GTR/PUF. The influence of ternary blends composed of GTR/PUF at two different weight fraction of (50/50) and (75/25) respectively in dose percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% by asphalt weight were studied as follow: PUF was added to the asphalt mixture first at 210 oC and a high-speed mix of 6000 rpm for 30 min. Next, the temperature was reduced to 180 oC and the speed was lowered to 2000 rpm. Only then, the GTR was added to the asphalt mixture for 90 min. Basic and rheological properties of final modified asphalt samples were investigated. The results and data obtained showed those investigated properties of the virgin asphalt were improved by the addition of all additives in the order: (75% GTR/25% PUF) > (GTR) > (50% GTR/50% PUF) > (PUF), with very good correlation factors of higher thane 0.95. The addition of PUF to the asphalt mixture at high temperature and high speed showed a very good distribution and a complete melting into the asphalt matrix.
Sue-Huai Gau
Tamkang University, Taiwan
Title: A study on the MSWI fly ash modifying for inorganic gel of cement admixtures
Time : 14:10-14:30
Biography:
Sue-Huai Gau has completed his PhD from Taiwan University. He is the Professor of the Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University. He is a specialist in the field of solid waste management and resource recovery. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and conferences.
Abstract:
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ashes contain high concentrations of heavy metals and dioxins which are hazardous wastes. Recycling of the fly ash will be a future tendency in many countries. Wet ball milling fly ash replacing cement has the potential as pozzolanic materials. In addition, the reaction of a pozzolanic material with an aqueous alkali hydroxide or sodium silicate solution produces an inorganic gel material with high strength. The purpose of this study is to transfer the MSWI fly ash into inorganic gel in order to form a cement admixture. In this study, the washed fly ash was mixed with metakaolin in accordance with the specific ratio then milled and activated with different concentrations of NaOH solution in different times. The produced activated powder was used as 5% and 10% of cement replacement. The FTIR and XRD analysis were used to find out the better condition on the activation of inorganic gel. The results showed that, the reaction of 50% metakaolin, 50% washed fly ash (5C5W) with 1M NaOH solution after 24 hr milling produces multiple crystal species of inorganic gel. Besides, TCLP all the condition of activated powder can pass the hazard waste limit. When the activation of different conditions of milling powder replaces 10% of cement, low workability results relative lower compressive strength. But replacing 5% cement grouting to cure 7 days and 28 days, could raise about 100% of the compressive strength and form an inorganic gel in the cement with best characteristic. For activated powder process, milling activation has more contribution than stirring activation in the formation of inorganic gel and helps the growth of inorganic gel in cement curing.
Gordon C. C. Yang
National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan
Title: Recycling of Municipal Incinerator Fly Ash by Electric Arc Furnaces of Steel Mini Mills
Time : 14:30-14:50
Biography:
Gordon Yang received his Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley, California, USA in 1983. After that, he worked in the United States for five years before he worked for Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan. Since August 1991 he has begun to teach at National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He became a full professor in 1994 and also severed as the Director, Institute of Environmental Engineering, NSYSU for three years strating from August 1997. During 1998-2003 he served as the Editor, Journal of Hazardous Materials. Currently, he is the Director (also the Founding Director), Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, NSYSU.
Abstract:
The objective of this work was to introduce an innovative recycling method for municipal incinerator fly ash (MIFA) by full-scale melting in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) of steel mini mills all over the world. MIFA including the fraction known as the reaction products is considered as a hazardous waste because it consists of trace heavy metals (e.g., Pb) and maybe dioxins/furans. Presently, MIFA in Taiwan is first treated by cement solidification and followed by landfilling. Melting MIFA by EAFs in different steel mini mills had been tested and proven to be an innovative way to treat and recycle MIFA. Full-scale test results have shown that this treatment technology has many advantages over others such as: (1) 40-60% of lime materials contained in MIFA can be re-utilized for steel production; (2) molten MIFA would become slag useful for several applications; (3) no new waste is derived from this treatment; and (4) employment of existing EAFs instead of building new melting plants for the treatment of MIFA. Moreover, zero landfill of MIFA could be achievable by the practice of this innovative recycling technology.
Ilker Bekir TOPCU
Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Engineering and Architecture, Turkey
Title: Re-Use of Polypropylene Fiber Admixed Recycled Aggregates in Concrete
Time : 14:50-15:10
Biography:
Ilker Bekir Topçu is currently professor in the Civil Engineering Department, EskiÅŸehir Osmangazi University, EskiÅŸehir, Turkey. He graduated from Engineering and Architecture of State Academy in 1980, and obtained his Masters degree from the Institute of Science, Anadolu University, EskiÅŸehir, Turkey, in 1984 and joined the teaching profession as a research assistant in 1982 at the Anadolu University. He obtained his Ph.D. from the Institute of Science, Ä°stanbul Technical University, Ä°stanbul, Turkey, in 1988. He has worked as a visiting scientist at the Lehigh University, from 1990 to 1992, and Northwestern University, from 1996 to 1997. He has published 140 refereed papers in international and national journals, 156 proceedings papers in international and national congress and symposiums, one book chapter and 51 actual papers. His papers cited more then 3000. He supervised 12 PhD and 42 Ms Thesis. His research interests are lightweight, heavyweight and high-strength concretes, concretes using industrial wastes such as fly ash, bottom ash, silica fume, waste tire, waste glass and waste concrete, Khorasan mortars, concrete as a composite material, using admixtures and addititives in concrete, Ferrocement and using artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic technics in concrete technology. He is currently supervising 6 Ph D and 11 Ms Thesis. Married and have a daughter.
Abstract:
This research analyses recycle of polypropylene fiber admixed concretes. Study aims to research reuse of fiber admixed recycled aggregates in concrete. In this research eight types of polypropylene fiber are used. Polypropylene fibers added to the mixture in three different ratios. The quantity of cement in the mixture is 300 kg/m3. Water-cement ratio is 0,52. For experiments, cylinder concrete molds with 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height were used. Samples were broken by jawbreaker at the end of 120 days. As a result of the break, recycled fiber aggregates were obtained with 0-4 mm, 7-15 mm and 16-22.4 mm sizes. Recycled aggregates’ specific weight and unit weight were calculated. Values of specific weight and unit weight were decreased. By using fiber-reinforced recycled aggregates a new concrete mixture was made. To the new mixture, recycled aggregates with sizes of 7-15 mm and 16-22.4 mm were added. As fine aggregate, 0-4 mm natural sand is used. Ratio of cement in the new mixture is 350 kg/m3 Ratio of water-cement is 0,56. Compression strength of the obtained concrete is analyzed for 28 days. Compression strengths of fiber admixture concrete and fiber admixture recycled aggregated concrete are compared. Compression strength is decreased by 22.59 % in some mixtures and increased by 11,14 % in some others. It is concluded that by changing water-cement ratio and quantity of chemical admixture, it is possible increase the compression strength. Therefore it is possible to use polypropylene fiber concretes in recycling.
Kamalesh K Singh
Banaras Hindu University, India
Title: Recovery of zinc from EAF dust by hydrometallurgical route with sulphuric acid as leachant
Time : 15:10-15:30
Biography:
Kamalesh K Singh has completed his PhD in the year 2010 from Ranchi University and obtained Post-graduate diploma in Business Administration from Banaras Hindu University in year 2014. He is holding position of Associate Professor in Metallurgical Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India. His broad area of research is waste recycling and management.
Abstract:
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) usage in producing steel is gaining importance day by day due to its special advantages. During smelting and refining of steel, the gases leaving the furnace carries a substantial amount of fine dust particles. The amount of dust generated is usually in the range of 9-18 kg per ton of scrap melted. The dust is important resource for the recovery of zinc and always better than its disposal as landfill. In order to recover zinc, the hydrometallurgical processes have been considered which are more eco-friendly and produces residues suitable for safe disposal as zinc could be selectively dissolved in suitable lixivants viz. sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, ammoniacal solution, sodium hydroxide have been used on bench scale. Sodium hydroxide however is selective for zinc dissolution but it needs further development for the metal recovery from the sodium zincate solution by electrolysis. Processes based on hydrochloric acid have not yet found any commercial application due to non-selective leaching and costly material of construction. Sulphuric acid have been found to be effective reagents for treatment of EAFD. The present paper examines and optimizes various parameters to recover zinc from EAF dust.
Haim Cohen
University of Ariel, Israel
Title: Coal Ash as an Efficient Chemical Fixation Reagent and Scrubber for Toxic Chemical Wastes and It's Incorporation in Industrial Concrete for Civil Engineering Projects
Time : 15:45-16:05
Biography:
Haim Cohen is an environmental chemist and a professor in the Department of Chemical Sciences in the University of Ariel and in the Chemistry Department of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. He has published more than 200 papers. His main research is centered on Coal Fly ash and Surface Reactions of Coal
Abstract:
The fly ashes produced in Israel are very basic (high CaO content) resulting in it's potential utilization as a chemical scrubber for acidic wastes. Also the small ash particles have a large surface area and can serve as an excellent adsorption material for trace elements. The potential of bituminous coal fly ashes to fixate toxic acidic sludges and wastes from the chemical industry has been studied. The wastes studied were from the phosphate industry, from regeneration processes of engine oils and from quarries. It was found that Class F coal fly ash is capable to serve as an excellent chemical scrubber and fixation reagent for acidic wastes containing a variety of trace elements. Furthermore due to the pozzolanic properties of the fly ash it was observed that the scrubbed product can serve as a partial substitute to cement and aggregates in industrial concrete. The mechanical properties and the leaching rate of toxic elements from the product are within the Israeli and European standards of concrete products.
Hasan Baylavli
Hitit University, Turkey
Title: Abrasion and water absorption properties of polypropylene fibre-reinforced recycle aggregated concrete
Time : 16:05-16:25
Biography:
Hasan Baylavli works in Hitit University Construction Technology and Building Audit Programs, in Çorum, Turkey as Research Assistant. He completed associate degree program in 1997 in Gazi University Çorum Vocational School Construction Program. He graduated from Pamukkale University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering in 2000. He did his Master’s degree in EskiÅŸehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering Building Materials. He does Doctorate in University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering Building Materials. He works in subjects related to self-compacting concretes, fiber-reinforced concretes and recycling. Furthermore, he studies in the fields of university campus planning, green campus and energy-efficiency in buildings.
Abstract:
In this study, re-use of recycle aggregates obtained from polypropylene fiber-reinforced welded concretes in concrete is researched. Eight kinds of polypropylene fibers were used in the study. Polypropylene fibers were used within the admixture at three different rates. The amount of cement in the admixture is 300 kg/m3. Water-cement rate is 0.52. Cylinder samples in 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height were used for the tests. Samples were crushed in jaw crusher at the end of 120 days. Fibrous recycle aggregates in the size of 0-4 mm, 7-15 mm and 16-22.4 mm were acquired in the end of crushing. A new concrete admixture was acquired by using fiber-reinforced recycle aggregates. Recycle aggregates at the sizes of 7-15 mm and 16-22.4 mm were added to new admixture. 0-4 mm natural sand was used as fine aggregate. The fine obtained from recycle was not used in the new admixture. It was observed in the pretests carried out that recycle fine sand increase the amount of water and cement in the admixture. The amount of cement in new admixture is 350 kg/m3. Water-cement rate is 0.56. Cubic samples were prepared from new admixture in the size of 70x70x115 mm. Upward wear and water absorption tests were conducted on the samples at the end of 28 days. Welded concrete was compared with abrasion and water absorption values. Abrasion and water-absorption values have increased compared to welded concrete.
Fu-Shen Zhang
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Title: Recycling approaches of waste cathode ray-tube in China
Time : 16:25-16:45
Biography:
Fu-Shen Zhang, PhD, is Professor and Director of Solid Waste Recycling Department at Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He got his PhD in the field of Environmental Engineering from Tohoku University (Japan), and carried out Post-doctoral researches at the University of Michigan (USA) and Nagoya University (Japan). His recent researches address effective recycling of solid wastes, including valuable matters recovery and functional materials development from electronic waste, construction waste, municipal solid waste and bio-waste. He has published more than 100 peer review articles and applied for more than 30 patents.
Abstract:
Cathode ray-tube (CRT) is an important device mainly used as video display component in television and computer. It is rapidly replaced by advanced displays such as liquid crystal display and plasma display, resulting in a huge number of waste CRTs. CRT funnel glass generally contains high level of PbO, which is classified as hazardous waste. This type of waste may contaminate our living environment due to improper treatment. In the present study, a novel process for lead nanopowder synthesis from this type of glass was developed by combining vacuum carbon-thermal reduction and inert-gas consolidation procedures. The key merit of the process was to evaporate lead out of the glass to obtain harmless glass powder and synchronously produce lead nanoparticles. In the synthesis process, lead oxide in the funnel glass was firstly reduced to elemental lead, and evaporated rapidly in vacuum circumstance, then quenched and formed nano-size particles on the surface of the cooling device. Experimental results showed that temperature，pressure and argon gas flow rate were the major parameters controlling lead evaporation ratio and the morphology of lead nanoparticles. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure results showed that lead leaching from the residue glass met the USEPA threshold. Accordingly, this study developed a practical and environmental-friendly process for detoxification and reclamation of waste lead-containing glass.
Hojae Shim
University of Macau, China
Title: Evaluation of lipid productivity by Rhodosporidium toruloides under non-sterile condition from a mixture of distillery and domestic wastewaters
Time : 16:45-17:05
Biography:
Hojae Shim is currently working as an Associate Professor in department of Civil Engineering at University of Macau, China. He completed his PhD in Environmental Science Engineering, Ohio State University, USA. His research interests includes Environmental Biotechnology, Biological Wastewater Treatment and Effluent Reuse, Biogas/Biodiesel Production from Waste/Wastewater, Bioremediation of Contaminated Environments, Bio filtration and Biodegradation/Biotransformation
Abstract:
The recovery of resource or energy from wastes has attracted an increasing attention for an environmentally sustainable development. Wastewater generated from food industries is more difficult to treat than the municipal one due to the high organic loads. Studies have been conducted to explore the possibility to develop a process that could produce biodiesel from wastewater while simultaneously removing part of organic matters and nutrients using oleaginous microorganisms. The lipid productivity of yeast was studied using a mixture of domestic and distillery wastewaters (1:1, v/v). The enhancement of initial cell density of oleaginous yeast could make the process more applicable to real distillery wastewater under the non-sterile condition with significant lipid production and organics removal. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) produced were mainly methyl oleate (over 40%), methyl linoleate (15-20%), methyl palmitate (7-9%), methyl palmitoleate (2-7%), and methyl sterate (2-4%), which is similar to the biodiesel produced from rapeseed.
Gwendolyn Bailey
KU Leuven, Belgium
Title: Life cycle assessment of the pyrometallaurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling routes used in rare earth recycling: A case study of NdFeB magnets
Time : 17:05-17:25
Biography:
Gwendolyn Bailey is currently pursuing PhD. She has completed her Master of Science in Environmental Management and Sustainability, a dual degree offered by Université Catholique de l’Ouest in Angers, France and St. Edward’s University in Austin, Texas. Her first publication titled, “Comparing Greenhouse Gas Emissions among Texas Universities” can be found in the January issue of Sustainabilty.
Abstract:
To our knowledge, the environmental impact of different Rare Earth Element (REE) recycling routes has not been addressed in scientific literature. Thus, in our research, we set out to quantify the environmental impact of producing and processing 1 kg of neodymium magnets from two recycling processes, with a focus on hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques. Magnets are the single largest application of rare earths, taking up 21% of the total rare earth production by volume and generating 37% of the total value of the rare earth market. Indeed the purpose of our study is to not to compare the impact of permanent magnet REE recycling with non-recycling before land filling, since this has already been done. The main goal is to compare the different pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes used in RE extraction and separation during the recycling process. Environmental impact results for such steps in the recycling processes could give stakeholders from the recycling industry essential information to assess the strategic potential of certain phases in the recycling process. In this paper, we will examine the two routes given by Dr. Koen Binnemans in his "Recycling of rare earths: a critical review" and perform a life cycle assessment (LCA) of NdFeB magnets to gain insight as to which route has a greater environmental impact.
Preecha Apiwantragoon
Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, Thailand
Title: Selecting Water Balance Covers as Landfill Final Covers
Time : 17:25-17:45
Biography:
Preecha Apiwantragoon completed his PhD from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, in 2007. He was a research assistant in the Alternative Cover Assessment Program sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agency. He is currently an associated professor and the Deputy Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. He has published papers in reputed journals and conferences and has been serving as a reviewer of Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.
Abstract:
Water balance landfill covers are being used with increasing frequency as the landfill final covers to limit percolation into underlying waste in lieu of conventional final covers such as compacted clays and geomembranes. In contrast to the conventional covers designed as resistive barriers, water balance covers rely on natural hydrologic processes to limit percolation by using the water storage capacity of fine-textured soils to store infiltration during wetter periods and evapotranspiration to remove the stored water from the covers to the atmosphere during drier periods. Designs of water balance covers generally employ a monolithic barrier (a single layer of engineered fine-textured soil) or a capillary barrier (commonly a fine-textured soil underlain by a coarse-textured capillary break). Based on this design principle of water balance covers, soil pedogenesis and plant community, as well as meteorological conditions could all affect the performance of the water balance covers. Case studies showing field data from several test sections simulating water balance covers will be presented. These covers have different designs (monolithic and capillary barriers), different profiles (layering and thickness), different types of soils and vegetation, and climates ranging from arid to humid. Key factors affecting the performance of the water balance covers will be illustrated. These factors could be used as design considerations when designing and selecting the water balance covers to be used as the landfill final covers.
Stephane Daniele
University Lyon, France
Title: Innovative TiO2-based recognition nano-devices for controlling the selectivity toward lanthanides ionic separation
Biography:
Stéphane Daniele has completed his PhD from University of Nice and Post-doctoral studies from Institute of Molecular Sciences (Okazaki, Japan) and University of Sussex (UK). Since 2008, he is full Professor at the University of Lyon1 and his main field of research concerns various aspects of coordination chemistry and synthesis of functional (hybrid) nanomaterials with applications in domains of catalysis, energy, optics, micro-electronics, cosmetics, and environment. He is a Founder and Technical Director of the company “Lotus Synthesisâ€. Since 2011, he develops clean-technology for the elaboration of stable oxide (hybrid) nanoparticle dispersions in aqueous or organic (commercial) media adapted to the customers’ matrix and without any manipulation of dry nano-powders.
Abstract:
Rare earth (RE) elements are used in an ever-increasing variety of applications in new green and low-carbon technologies such as catalysis, permanent magnet, rechargeable NiMH batteries, lamp phosphors and biomedical applications among others. Their recovery needs contributions of chemistry and physical chemistry of selective extractive systems since the separation of the RE mixtures into individual elements is usually a complex and expensive process. (Mesoporous) silica-based nanocomposites prepared by sol-gel hydrolysis and containing amido, imido, polyamine, and CMPO ligands or self-assembled monolayers of lanthanide-selective ligand (SAMMSTM) were studied for the recovery of RE. Non silicate systems are rare and require the need of a reliable and reproducible functionalization route as we previously reported. However, new hybrid metal oxide-based nanosorbents as a potential system to develop new separation techniques are of significant relevance. Herein, we present the results on the preparation and use of a series of novel modified DTPA-based ligands grafted onto TiO2 nanoparticles in order to provide a better understanding of the requirements in hybrid nanomaterial design as selective ionic separation devices. We demonstrate that DTPA-functionalized nano-titania devices for efficient lanthanide ionic separation (La/Gd) with excellent selectivity (SGd/La around 150) can be reached through the right balance between the ligand affinity towards the metal (in relation to the nature and flexibility of the ligand) and the self-agglomeration (trough supramolecular interactions) of the nanocrystals. These results will be addressed in detail in order to provide useful guidelines for design of future nano-structured ionic recognition device in the separation of strategic metals for recycling economy.
Elena Maria Iannicelli Zubiani
Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Title: Solid sorbents for rare earths recovery from electronic waste
Biography:
Elena Maria Iannicelli Zubiani will complete her PhD in Chemical Engineering from Politecnico di Milano by February 2016. Her principal activities are focused on: Hydrometallurgical processes for recovering precious metals and rare earths from waste electric and electronic equipment; adsorption on clays, activated carbons and modified materials; process engineering and scale up.
Abstract:
Today there is an increasing need for Rare Earths (REs) due to their usage in numerous high-technology applications. Currently each EU citizen produces about 17 kg of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) per year. These wastes are rich in precious and strategic metals and, in many cases, are characterized by higher REs contents than those of natural minerals. Accordingly, recycling can be considered a valuable opportunity: This perspective is known as "urban miningâ€. For these reasons, the study of a targeted and efficient REs recovery from WEEE can only lead to undeniable both socio-economic and environmental benefits. Activated carbon (AC) and modified AC were tested as solid sorbents at the purpose. The modified AC was synthesized by loading pentaethylenehexamine and the amount of loaded amine was estimated by COD analysis of the residual amount in solution. The AC and the modified AC were contacted with lanthanum solutions (chosen as representing element of REs family) and the lanthanum adsorbed by the solids was analyzed by ICP-OES of the contacted solution. Finally, release tests were performed on the different samples in order to verify the solids capability not only to capture but also to recover metal ions. The obtained results showed that the experimental procedure was appropriate to load the amine onto the AC and that the modification of the AC improved both adsorption (from 44% to 100%) and release (from 65% to 91%) with respect to natural AC, ensuring a global recovery efficiency of 90%.
Arda IÅžILDAR
Laboratoire Geomatériaux et Environnement, France
Title: Urban (bio)mining: Recovery of metals from electronic waste
Biography:
Arda received his B.Eng. degree in Environmental Engineering from Istanbul University, Turkey in 2009. He completed his M.Sc. studies in Sustianable Resource Management with merits in 2013 at Technical University of Munich, Germany in 2013. In his professional career, Arda has a number of cross sectoral experiences in various institutions including GFA Consulting Group (Hamburg, Germany), Rachel Carson Center (Munich, Germany), Athisa S.A. (Istanbul, Turkey / Granada, Spain) and Water and Sewage Administration (Istanbul, Turkey). As of October 2013, Arda carries out his reacrch project entitled ‘Urban (bio)mining: Recovery of metals from electronic waste’in a joint project organized between at the Pollution Prevention and Resource Recovery chair group of Environmental Engineering Water Technology department at UNESCO-IHE, the Netherlands and Laboratoire Geomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), University of Paris, France. His research interests include but not limited to environmental biotechnology, e-waste management, and sustainability
Abstract:
Discarded electric and electronic devices comprise a growing segment of waste generated at households. Despite the growing awareness and deterring legislation, most of the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is disposed improperly. Global WEEE generation reached 41.8 million tons in 2014, and forecasted to rise to 50 million tons in 2018 (Baldé et al., 2015). In addition to the prevalence of toxic compounds, WEEE also contains valuable metals such as copper, gold, aluminum and nickel. Particularly printed circuit boards (PCB) have the potential to be a very promising secondary source of metals. Recovery of metals is conventionally carried out by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, which have their own drawbacks and limitations. In this research, sustainable metals recovery technologies, with an emphasize on biological methods, were investigated. In this direction we test the effectivity of bioleaching, chemical leaching and subsequent recovery of metals from discarded PCB. In addition, sustainability assesment was evaluated using LCA and LCC methodology. Results showed high concentrations of the metals of interest the discarded circuit boards from various devices. Copper was bioleached from discarded circuit boards with a high (>98%) efficiency with mixture of acidophilic bacteria in batch reactors. Gold was bioleached from discarded circuit boards at a (>44%) efficiency with cyanide generating bacteria. Copper was selectively recovered in a subsequent electrowinning process separated from other metals. Sustainability assessment of the technology showed that the process has lower impact on the environment compared to BAT.
Raul Oliveira Neto
Federal University of Pampa, Brazil
Title: An economic analysis of technologies in construction and demolition waste management
Biography:
Raul Oliveira Neto has completed his PhD in the year 2008 at the age of 51 years from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Politechnique University, Spain. His post doctoral study was done in LUNAM Université, IFSTTAR, France. He is currently a professor at the Federal University of Pampa in South of Brazil, in undergraduate courses in Technology in Mining, Environmental Engineering, Geology and course Professional Master in Mineral Technology. He has an academic production of more than 30 articles in major publications between technical magazines and international conference proceedings, specialized in the issue ofenvironmental management and waste management
Abstract:
This paper proposes an economic analysis of technologies in construction and demolition waste management. The processing technologies analyzed are the current advanced, the advanced and the advanced sorting. The methodology adopted is in the economic evaluation concept of projects and it is classified with a scoping study phase. In these contexts, three levels of CDW's processing capabilities for recycling platforms are analyzed (100, 300 and 600 thousand tons per year). This article considers data base obtained from similar projects, published in specialized literature and the data sources are mainly from the European continent. The data costs researched and estimated are analyzed. The model adopted for the calculations and the simulations of the results, in the economic order, was the method of discounted cash flow and the main indicators analyzed are IRR (internal rate of return) and NPV (net present value). The paper shows that current advanced process has better economic performance, in terms of IRR. The IRR associated with advanced and advanced sorting processes could be raised by higher capacity of platforms and/or by higher sharing of better quality material in the total production. The first two points depend on the market conditions (prices and total quantity of CDW available) and (potential) fiscal or incentive policies.
Anna Chashchyna
Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
Title: CO2 emission equivalent as the climate change measure for the electronic waste: The laptop life cycle assessment for Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Biography:
Anna Chashchyna has completed her MSc from University of Poitiers, France (Erasmus Mundus in Applied Ecology) and a BSc in Environmental Safety from Kiev National Aviation University, Ukraine. She has co-translated a book on environmental activism, “A Beautiful Trouble†by A Boyd, occasionally writes for CafeBabbel, Priestori and Heliophon; worked at the Eco-Bio Safety Lab in Ukraine and currently explores the opportunities in the e-waste sector.
Abstract:
The aim of the study is to provide a better knowledge of the electronic waste (e-waste) sector. This sector is explored in terms of structure, stakeholders, governance aspects and social impacts. We also try to examine what is the right thing to do with e-waste. The work examines the following specific questions: 1) What is the state-of-the-art of e-waste recycling in Canada and Newfoundland? 2) Who are the important stakeholders and what are their roles in this sector? 3) What are the governance issues enabling this sector operation? 4) What is the environmentally sound way to deal with e-waste? The study consists of a cover essay and two chapters. The objective of Part I is to provide an investigation of electronic waste recycling system in Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada), Part II provides with a complete Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a laptop, with an emphasis on various treatment scenarios: Landfilling, recycling as e-waste, and recycling as metal, by CO2 equivalent. Part I presents the national and local e-waste flows, the sector structure, the actors involved and the existing governance issues of the e-waste management. Part II assesses CO2 emissions associated with every stage of laptop life cycle: Production – distribution – use – disposal; and compares laptop end-of-life scenarios by CO2 equivalent, thus trying to identify the waste management method of least environmental impact and most profit.
Ying-Chu Chen
National Taipei University, Taiwan
Title: Potential of greenhouse gas emissions for lifecycle of municipal solid waste in Taiwan
Biography:
Ying-Chu Chen has been an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Natural Resources Management, National Taipei University since August 2014. She received her BS in Soil Environmental Science and then PhD in Environmental Engineering. Her recent research topics include studies of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and understanding their interactions, which are applicable to the field of global climate change.
Abstract:
Issues of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment and climate change have drawn massive attention in the past decades. Taiwan is implementing waste minimization and recycling strategies to curb the waste management issues. In addition, the Taiwanese Government is taking concerted efforts to voluntary reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to meet relative global warming protocols. This research evaluated potential of GHG emissions from five proposed waste management scenarios, including a landfill site, a waste-to-energy (WTE) plant, and a material recovery facility (MRF) within a defined system boundary. On the basis of the data collected, the results indicate that the MRF (8.08 103 to 1.52 104 kg CO2-eq/day) and the landfill site (4.45 103 to 4.45 104 kg CO2-eq/day) released less GHG emissions than the WTE plant (1.10 106 to 4.39 106kg CO2-eq/day). The GHG emissions from the WTE plant are highly contributed by CO2 and N2O emissions but offset by generating electricity and energy recovery system. Furthermore, potential of GHG mitigation from recycling wastes in the MRF is more efficient than generated electricity in the WTE plant. This evaluation provides valuable insights into the applicability of a policy framework for MSW management practices in GHG mitigations.
Maulin P Shah
Enviro Technology Limited, India
Title: Analysis of total microbial community structure and the ammonia oxidizing populations in activated sludge system of industrial waste water treatment plant
Biography:
Maulin P Shah is currently Head & Senior Manager – Industrial Waste Water Research Lab, Division of Applied & Environmental Microbiology Lab at Enviro Technology Limited, India. He has more than 120 research publication in highly reputed national & international journals. He extends his expertise in more than twenty international reputed journals as an Editorial Board Member.
Abstract:
Bacterial community structure and the prevailing nitrifying activities and populations in each room of a three-compartment activated sludge system were determined. Each space was originally inoculated with the same activated sludge communities encased in polyethylene glycol gel granules, and ammonium nitrogen was fed to the system in a mineral salts solution at a rate of 5.0 g N liter granular enabled sludge-1 day-1. After 150 days of operation, the system was found to comprise number sequential nitrifying reactions, probably mediated by different bacterial populations. Activity data showed that all the NH4-N was completely oxidized of one and two compartments, but no significant nitrite oxidation was observed in these spaces. In contrast, all available nitrite oxidized to nitrate in the room three. To study the microbial populations and communities in this system, total bacterial DNA isolated from each room were analyzed for the community structure based on G+C the content of the component populations. Compartment one showed dominant population groups have 50 and 67% G+C content. Two compartments were the same in structure chamber one. The bacterial communities in space three had dominant populations with 62 and 67% G+C content and retained 50% G+C content population only at a greatly diminished level. The 50% G+C content populations from space a hybridized strongly with ammonia mono oxygenase and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase gene probes from Nitrosomonas europaea. However, 50% G+C content population from space two hybridized strongly with hydroxylamine oxidoreductase probe, but only slightly with ammonia mono oxygenase probe, suggesting that the prevailing ammonia-oxidizing populations in space one and two may be different. As different activities and groups will dominate in every room from an identical inoculum, it appears that the nitrification processes may be somewhat inconsistent, resulting in a series of sequential reactions and the different communities in this three-chamber system
Sandhya Prajapati
Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, India
Title: Lead acid battery recycling in India
Biography:
Sandhya Prajapati is currently MTech Student at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, India
Abstract:
Lead acid battery usage is colossal in railways, transportation, telecommunication, automobiles and many other sectors and is further increasing with solar and wind schemes launched by Government. More than 50% of world lead demand is met by the secondary lead production. In a developing country like India instead of having sufficient amount of lead available for recycling we are forced to import it from other countries like Australia, USA and Korea. According to the data available only a fraction of batteries is collected for recycling while proper regulation is there for used battery collection. Retailers collect the batteries by consumer authorized smelters get the spent batteries through open auction by Metal and Scrap Trading Corporation (MSTC). MSTC is providing limited auction of batteries because the prize quoted by these smelters is quite low which is not profitable to MSTC. Thus because of low battery collection these smelters are working below their full capacity. Even industries prefer to buy lead from the unlicensed unit (backyard smelters), because the cost of secondary lead coming from unauthorized smelters is low as no pollution control equipment is used which leads to the problem of emission of lead dust, fumes and SO2. This pollutes the ecosystem severely and responsible for health disorders. Waste water from Indian Lead’s plant contains 615 times more lead than is permissible under Indian regulation. Thus the present system not only entails for lead import but also leads to environment misbalance. So the regulation is not enough if not implemented properly. Unauthorized smelting should be punishable offence as it is also responsible for several cattle deaths in Delhi. At every step, proper data collection should be recorded if not then penalty should be there to avoid black spots; so that the survey of annual reports leads us to overcome problems of existing system and come up with a better recycling system.
Kidong Kim
Kunsan National University, Korea
Title: Valuable Recycling of Waste Glasses generated from LCD Industry
Biography:
Kidong Kim has completed his PhD at RWTH Aachen in Germany and worked for 9 years in R & D group of three different glass manufacturers such as KCC, Hankuk Glass and Samsung Corning in Korea. Since 1997 he is Professor at Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunsan National University, Korea. His research area is characterization of glass melt in conjunction with electrochemical approach to redox behavior of multivalent elements and recycling of display waste glasses. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and been serving as a chair of glass division in Korean Ceramic Society.
Abstract:
The manufacturing of LCD panels and LCD glasses applied to information display devices, such as TVs, monitors, and mobile phones, only occurs in four Asian countries, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and China. A large amount of waste glasses is being generated from the LCD industry. These waste glasses can be divided into three categories: 1) LCD cullet from LCD glass manufacturers, 2) LCD process waste glasses (hereafter designated as LPWG) from LCD panel manufacturers, and 3) End LCD waste glasses from end-of-life LCD devices. Since LCD glasses are produced using relative high purity raw materials under consideration of display quality, they have not only few impurities but also high homogeneity. These two characteristics of LCD glasses can offer a valuable recycling possibility of their cullet or waste glass as a raw material for some commercial ceramic products from the viewpoint of raw material cost and saving of energy. In this work seven cases were investigated. Glasses or ceramics were produced in the laboratory using the industrial batches including LCD cullet or LPWG for flint bottle glass, fiber glass such as E glass and glass wool, heat resistant glass such as Pyrex and vetrious porcelain such as sanitary ware and ceramic tile. Some physicochemical properties related with production or product were determined for those glasses and ceramics, and the results were discussed. Now LCD cullet is being applied to all industrial plants for E glass in Korea. LPWG could be also a potential raw material to produce flint bottle and fiber glass.
J. Manjanna
Rani Channamma University, India
Title: Recovery of Co and Li from Spent Li-ion Batteries using mild Organic acids
Biography:
J. Manjanna has completed his PhD in Industrial Chemistry from Kuvempu University (2001) and postdoctoral studies from Hokkaido University, Iwate University and The University of Tokyo. He is the Associate Professor and Chairman, Dept. of Chemistry at Rani Channamma University. He has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals and has been guiding Ph.D. students working on Nanomaterials for energy devices, environmental and biomedical applications. Mr. G.P. Nayaka is currently working on Li-ion batteries for his Ph.D. degree at Kuvempu University.
Abstract:
Environmentally benign hydrometallurgical process is investigated for the recovery of Co and Li from the cathode active materials of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A mixture of chelating agent (L = citric acid, tartaric acid, iminodiacetic acid, maleic acid etc.) and reducing agent (ascorbic acid) are used to dissolve the typical cathode material, LiCoO2 collected from spent LIBs. Almost complete dissolution occurred in each case at 80 °C in about 4 h. The formation of Co(III)ï€ and Co(II)ï€L is evident from the UV-Vis. spectra of the dissolved solution as a function of dissolution time. Thus, the reductive-complexing dissolution mechanism is proposed here. In a typical case of citric acid and ascorbic acid mixture, the dissolution rate constants (k) are 3.1 × 10−3 min−1 for Li and 0.8 × 10−3 min−1 for Co ions as determined by ‘cubic rate law’ plots. The dissolved solution was subjected for selective precipitation of cobalt as Co-oxalate and lithium as LiF using oxalic acid and NH4F, respectively. The reducing agent, ascorbic acid, converts the dissolved Co(III)- to Co(II)-L thereby selective recovery of Co as Co(II)-oxalate is possible. The present study has a merit as we make use of mild organic acids as alternatives to mineral acids.
Lin He
Tianjin University, China
Title: Removal and recovery of volatile organic compounds from gas streams
Biography:
Lin He got his PhD degree from Tianjin University in 2014 and now works as a postdoctoral fellow in Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin). His research interests are focused on recovery of heavy oil or solvent from unconventional oil ores or residuals. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including acetone, toluene, benzene, xylene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, kerosene, etc., are widely involved in industrial processes and house decorations. Many of the VOCs have been detected to cause photochemical smog and haze in cities, and even to be toxic to human beings as well, leading to health threats, such as sensory irritation symptoms, severe respiratory systems or metabolic disorder. Therefore, the removal and recovery of the VOCs from gas streams are extremely crucial and have been considered as one of the major challenges in chemical related industries and daily life. In this study, an energy-saving set-up of pressure swing adsorption has been designed and applied to investigating the adsorption-desorption profiles of high concentrations of toluene vapor (>10000 ppm) on activated carbons and silica gel at ambient temperature. Results show that the adsorption of the toluene vapor on both the activated carbon and silica gel matches the Langmuir-Freundlich model. The vacuum desorption tests were carried out to recover the absorbed VOCs. Results demonstrate that the desorption rate and extent of the absorbed toluene from the silica gel are much higher than those of activated carbon due to its lower surface area and smaller pore volume. These findings suggest that the silica gel is the best candidate for the removal and recovery of high concentrations of toluene vapor from gas stream through normal adsorption and vacuum desorption combined process at ambient temperature.
Mona A. Darweesh
Tanta university, Egypt
Title: Removal of Toxic Ni++ ions from waste water by nanobentonite
Biography:
Mona A. Darweesh has completed her PhD at the age of 33 years from Chemical Engineering Department , Faculty of Engineering , Alexandria University and postdoctoral studies from Tanta University ,Faculty of Engineering. She is the Head of Physics and mathematics Engineering Department , Faculty of Engineering ,Tanta University. Head of the Chemical analysis lab(faculty of Engineering , Tanta university) this lab makes analysis of cement ,sand, steel pipe and water to the industry . She makes a connection with some Factories like factory of fertilizers to solve their Environmental problems . She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals .
Abstract:
Removal of Ni++ ions from aqueous solution by sorption onto nanobentonite was investigated. Experiments were carried out as a function amount of nanobentonite, pH, concentration of metal, constant time, agitation speed and temperature. The adsorption parameter of metal ions followed the Langmuir Freundlich adsorption isotherm were applied to analyze adsorption data. The adsorption process has fit pseudo-second order kinetic models. Thermodynamics parameters e.g. ΔG*, ΔSo and ΔHo of adsorption process have also been calculated and the sorption process was found to be endothermic. The adsorption process has fit pseudo-second order kinetic models. Langmuir and Freundich adsorption isotherm models were applied to analyze adsorption data and both were found to be applicable to the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters, e.g., ∆Go , ∆So and ∆Ho of the on-going adsorption process have also been calculated and the sorption process was found to be endothermic. Finally, it can be seen that Bentonite was found to be more effective for the removal of Ni (II) same with some experimental conditions.
- Special Session on : Recycling system and technologies towards circulatory economy
Chair
Prof. Takashi Nakamura
Tohoku University, Japan
Session Introduction
Takashi Nakamura
Tohoku University, Japan
Title: Recycling of critical metals for circulatory economy in Japan
Time : 11:05-11:30
Biography:
Takashi Nakamura completed his MASc in Metallurgy from Kyushu University, Japan in 1974, PhD in Metallurgy in 1979 from the same university. He became Lecturer in Kyushu Institute of Technology (1977), Associate Professor (1981) and Professor (1991). In 1998, he was appointed as a Professor at Institute for Advanced Materials Processing, Tohoku University. From 2001, he is a Professor at Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University.
Abstract:
An achievement of circulatory society would be one of smart ways to establish sustainable and low carbon society. 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) concept in end of life products is now well known but further collaboration between manufacture industry and recycling industry to create a circulatory society. Let us consider the economics of cyclical usage. We do not have a sufficient recycling ratio for minor metals, even those with high prices. The recycling ratios for minor rare metals and some non-ferrous metals, all of which are relatively expensive, have not always been high. The reason is partly that it is difficult to collect scrap from in-use markets, and that scrap containing unstable impurities is hardly used in mass-production processes. Therefore, collection system is essential to recycling of critical metals. Dismantling and detachment of parts from e-scrap are essential and involve higher cost techniques in pretreatment processes for physical separation. New techniques are desired for effective recycling of critical metals. Therefore, we are trying to develop new detachment processes such as a new break down process. Also, in the case of metallurgical production, with its intrinsic potential of smelting, extraction, enrichment and separation methods play an important role in the context of critical metals also. Present status of critical metal recycling in Japan will be presented in this presentation.
Shuji Owada
Waseda University Faculty of Science and Engineering, Japan
Title: Novel metal recycling process by applying intelligent comminution and sorting
Time : 11:30-11:55
Biography:
Shuji owada currently working as a professor in Waseda University, Japan. He complted his M.Eng., in Mineral Processing from Waseda University, Japan, 1981. He Completed his Ph.D. in Mineral Processing from the same Waseda University, Japan, 1984. He started working as a lecturer in 1984 in Waseda University and later on he continues his work as a associate professor in 1986 and now he is a professor in the same university.
Abstract:
Conventional metal recycling process usually involves comminution, phisical concentration, pyro- and hydro-metallurgical stages to produce high purity metal phases. Separation accuracy is high in the last two stages but not relatively low in the first two stages because the target materials of solid phase treatment are quite heterogeneous. Recently, an innovative development of comminution and physical separation stages has achieved, such as selective crushing with heating-quenching, microwave irradiation, electric disintegration/fragmentation, surface grinding, etc. and various sensor based sorting technologies, NIR, XRT, XRF, LIBS, and so on. The paper introduces several examples of the above technologies for concentrating minor rare metals from WEEE, PGMs (platinum group metals) from spent automobile catalyst, and for mutual separation of aluminum alloys in the scraps. The author also proposes several novel metals recycling processes by combining such brandnew technologies in order to reduce the total energy required in the processes. It was assumed from life cycle assessment that one of the processes could produce high purity metal phase with almost one third energy.
Chiharu Tokoro
Waseda University, Japan
Title: Physical concentration of tantalum from WEEEs
Time : 11:55-12:20
Biography:
Chiharu Tokoro has received her ME from the Department of Geosystem Engineering in 2000 at the University of Tokyo and undertook her Doctor of Engineering in 2003 from the University of Tokyo. In 2004, she has joined Waseda University as a Research Associate being promoted to full-time Lecturer in 2007 to Associate Professor in 2009 and to Professor of Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering in 2015. Her research interests are resources processing from refractory ores or wastes and environmental purification of wastewater or soil contaminated by toxic inorganic elements.
Abstract:
An appropriate comminution and physical separation process for tantalum (Ta) concentration from printed circuit boards (PCBs) in waste electric and electronic equipments (WEEEs) was investigated in this study. To accomplish this, two-step comminution in which PCBs were detached from WEEEs at first, followed by part detachment from PCBs was effective because Ta is generally used in a specific part on the board, that is, “tantalum capacitor”. High Ta concentrate was achieved by comminution using drum typed mill with chain typed agitator, followed by air separation using double tube pneumatic separator. Higher Ta concentrate was achieved by heating to 473 K in the mill because a part of solder was melted and tantalum capacitor could be simply released from the board by milder comminution force. To reveal the mechanism of breakage phenomena in comminution/detachment process of PCBs, computer simulation using discrete element method (DEM) was carried out. Comminution test was conducted using simulant PCBs with solder mounted capacitors and compared to simulation results in which the shape of simulant PCBs and chain of the agitator was represented using particle based rigid body model. Simulation results successfully corresponded to comminution experimental results. Simulation results suggested that chain typed agitator mill promotes interaction between a board and another board which is most important mechanism for parts detachment from the boards, because the chain could give wide variety of energy to boards due to their deformation.
Kotaro Shimizu
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting, Japan
Title: Overall optimizing of automobile recycling system in Japan
Time : 12:20-12:45
Biography:
Kotaro Shimizu completed his Master of Science degree from Waseda University, Japan in 2002. He joined UFJ Research Institute (present organization: Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting), a policy institute in Japan, as a analyst of environment and energy field in that year, was promoted to the chief analyst of the resource and energy field in 2010 and is working as the section leader of the resource and energy division. He and his staff have completed more than 200 reports to governmental and private organizations in the fields of mining, smelting, manufacturing, waste management and recycling.
Abstract:
System disign of the whole life cycle of resources which minimizes burden on the environment, reduces consumption of natural resources, and lowers social costs are current issues on policy making in the field of manufacturing and “3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle)”. Overall optimizing of recycling system for upgrading resource efficiency is one of important technical and political topics in the world. We have run an experimental project for overall optimizing of automobile recycling system by improving dismantlment of end-of life vehicles (ELVs) in Japan, which has been funded by the Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan. In this research, glass, resin containing halogen and computer boxes have been recovered in advance in order to reduce the content of inhibitor elements in automotive shredder residue (ASR) and pressed steel scraps. Reducing the content of halogen elements (washing machine hose, weather stripping etc.) and glass (front window shield, side and rear windows etc.) in the ASR and the pressed steel scrap, it has not only reduced emission of carbon dioxide but improved profitability in total recycling processes (dismantling process, cement manufacture process and electrical furnace process). These results revealed that better practices of dismantling and sophisticated applications of scraps are expected to reduce the environmental load and upgrade resource efficiency in the recycling system of automobile. The profitability of the material manufacturer process is expected to be improved through a reduction in expenses and a slight increase in profits.
- Track 1: Recycling BasicsTrack 4:Solid Waste ManagementTrack 6: Waste Water RecyclingTrack 10: Agriculural waste recycling
Chair
Hesham Ali
Florida International University, USA
Co-Chair
Muscolo Adele
Mediterranea University, Italy
Session Introduction
Antonio Moran
University of Leon, Spain
Title: Bioelectrochemical systems for treatment of liquid effluents
Time : 12:45-13:05
Biography:
Antonio Moran has been involved in several nationals and internationals projects. He is working in the optimization of biogas and bio-hydrogen production from biowastes, and in some cooperative projects related to wastewater treatment by Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MEC). He is the Co-ordinator of the Engineering PhD l program in Leon University. He has published more than 80 papers in reputed journals. He has actuated as referee of some scientific journals and evaluator of national and international projects (different countries and European Commission).
Abstract:
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) and Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MEC) have emerged during the last years as an alternative to conventional wastewater treatments. These treatments commonly called Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES) can offer substantial advantages from the economic and environmental perspective since they allow the recovery of a fraction of the energy initially present in the organic matter contained in wastewaters. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that BES can also perform combined carbon and nitrogen removal with the simultaneous production of electricity and fuels, thus creating new opportunities for BES to be considered as an integral wastewater treatment. In this paper, we present a general point of view of the different applications of this technology with the focus on new developments for the production of chemicals production. Particular examples are also presented, which were obtained in our laboratories with the use of pilot plants at different scales: Results of organic matter removal of various liquid effluents and preliminary data of the simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen in a pilot microbial electrolysis cell of more than 100 L along with a 60 L aerobic reactor for ammonium oxidation. The treatment of wastewater with a low organic matter load in a MEC system resulted in a reduction near 80% or total organic carbon (TOC). For the highest load tested the TOC reduction reached a value near 90%.
Muscolo Adele
Mediterranea University, Italy
Title: Recalcitrant agriculture waste to produce biogas and amendments
Time : 13:05-13:25
Biography:
Muscolo A graduated in Biological Sciences (MSc) and has completed her PhD in Food Science at the Policlinic Federico II University of Naples, Italy. In 1988, she started her professional career as researcher at Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria where she is still working as Professor. Since 1990, she is reviewer for scientific international journals and since 2008 she is evaluator of national and international projects for European Community and Funding Research Agencies. She is examiner of international PhD dissertation. She published more than 180 papers in international journals with IF and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of many international journals. Additionally, she is Associate Editor for JFR.
Abstract:
Biomass represents a useful resource, whose value is related to the chemical and physical properties of its molecules. Agriculture wastes and livestock manures are highly polluting and difficult to dispose of, with a high cost for farmers. Thus, their anaerobic digestion could be a reliable way to use refuse as resource producing economic benefit. Biogas technology, also known as anaerobic digestion (AD) technology, can be considered a competitive process for reducing the rate of climate change and global warming managing biodegradable waste streams to produce renewable energy and nearly stable residue (digestate), in a sustainable way. While biogas represents an ascertained useful source of renewable energy, the digestate ever-increasing production induces problems related to its sustainable discharge. Consequently, use of waste to produce biogas has to be associated to a sustainable disposal of digestate for being economically and environmentally competitive with the fossil fuels. To achieve these aims, the following objectives were designed: 1) to evaluate if recalcitrant agriculture wastes (olive wastes and citrus pulps), mixed in different proportions with livestock manures, milk serum and maize silage produce biogas different in composition; 2) to characterize the obtained digestates, each separated in liquid and solid fractions; (3) amending fields with the liquid (L) and solid fractions (S) of the two digestates to evaluate growth and productivity of cucumis sativus. The biogas produced from both plants contained 55% of methane, but the digestates coming from both plants were chemically and qualitatively different. In particular, the digestate from plants fed with animal manure (Fattoria, F) as principal waste had less total phenols and fatty acids minor COD and BOD, but a greater amount of nutrients than that coming from the digester filled mainly with agricultural wastes (ULIVA, U). In addition, chemical and biological differences between solid and liquid fractions were also found. The solid fraction (SF) of Fattoria had less total phenols, fatty acid, but major amounts of nutrients and organic matter respect to LF and SU. Conversely, SU had less fatty acids and total phenols than LU, but higher than SF. Additionally, SU contained less K, Mg and NH4 than LF and LU. The data related to the growth and quality of cucumber evidenced that the digestates increased the growth in terms of weight, length and diameter of cucumber. As not expected, cucumber amended with digestates particularly with liquid fractions, produced fruits with a higher percentage of dry matter and greater antioxidant properties, in particular with higher free radical inhibition capacity, total polyphenol, ascorbic and citric acid contents in respect to plants not amended. In contrast, the parameters linked to the perception quality like peel color, lightness and brightness were lower than in not amended plants. In short, integrated waste recycling practices can drive profit and reduce cost: animal and recalcitrant agricultural wastes, may represent a great resource in the production of biogas with high methane percentage, and of organic fertilizer. The smart utilization of agricultural wastes has the potential to provide new revenue streams, to crop producers and food processors, while creating new sources of clean renewable energy and chemicals that do not compete with food production. If fully developed, these mechanisms can not only decrease waste and environmental degradation, but provide cost-savings and increased profits.
Hesham Ali
Florida International University, USA
Title: Evaluation of Cracking Resistance and Durability of 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures
Time : 13:25-13:45
Biography:
Hesham Ali recieved his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from the City University of New York. He is a professor and the director of the Green Paving Laboratory at Florida International University. Ali held senior level positions in Florida Department of Transportation for approximately 10 years. He also has published over 30 papers on pavement and geotechnical engineering.
Abstract:
Cracking resistance and durability of rejuvenated asphalt mixtures containing 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) was studied through binder and mixture tests. In-place recycled pavements often have a high content of RAP material. In order to achieve successful recycling, it is necessary to ensure that the recycled pavement has good initial performance and its performance does not drop too quickly over time. This study looks at the cracking resistance of rejuvenated binders and mixtures and investigates the changes in this parameter over a pavement’s life. The Pressure Aging Vessel was used to simulate the long-term aging of the binders. Cracking resistance of binders was characterized by their creep stiffness and m-value, obtained from Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) test. Four samples of artificially aged and then rejuvenated binders were tested for their BBR parameters after standard and extended aging. Also, two virgin binders were used as controls. The cracking resistance of the mixtures was tested by the Texas Overlay Test. Two rejuvenated mixtures and two virgin asphalt control mixtures were used. To investigate the changes in the cracking resistance, the Accelerated Pavement Weathering System (APWS) was employed to simulate long-term environmental aging. Results from both binder and mix testing indicated that rejuvenated binders and mixtures had significantly better cracking resistance than virgin binders and new mixtures. The resistance of rejuvenated mixtures dropped slightly faster than new mixtures when aged by the APWS. Results from this experience confirmed that properly rejuvenated binders could potentially provide good cracking resistance for the recycled pavement.
Chuan Chen
Harbin Institute of Technology, China
Title: Enhanced bio-sulfur recovery with high carbon to nitrogen ratios under micro-aerobic condition using denitrifying sulfide removal process
Time : 14:25-14:45
Biography:
Chuan Chen has completed his PhD at the age of 29 years from Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) and postdoctoral studies from University of Calgary from 2013 to 2014. He is Associate Professor of HIT at present, and has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Denitrifying Sulfide Removal (DSR), which simultaneously degrades sulfide, nitrate and organic carbon, has increasingly gained attention as the key unit in industrial wastewater treatment. Its stable operation depends by autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria close cooperation. The low treatment efficiency with high C/N molar ratio, which cause heterotrophic denitrifiers more vigorous, was seen as a burden on DSR engineering application and a problem to be solved. In this artical, 12 groups of batch tests were conducted with different C/N molar ratios (1.26/1, 2/1 and 3/1) and two S/N molar ratios (5/6 and 5/8) under anaerobic or micro-aerobic condition. Less than 50% sulfide was removed from the anaerobic bottles and no sulfur transformation was observed at the end, because high C/N molar ratios can enhance the activity of sulfur reducer, resulting in the sulfur produced from sulfide oxidation reduced to sulfide again. This phenomena didn’t get much better with the use of different S/N molar ratios. Nevertheless, 100% sulfide removal was gained under micro-aerobic condition (DO<0.2) in which sulfide chemical oxidation only accouted for less than 5%. Whereafter, continuous expanded granular bed reactor was employed to further vertify the enhancing effect of micro-aerobic condition. Results showed that sulfide removal efficiency reached peak performance at 70% and 55% of total sulfur was recoverd . This performance was nearly twice as much as anaerobic environment overall. We speculated that applying micro-aeration can inhibit herterotrophic denitrifiers’ activity and make DSR technology handle industrial wastewaters with high C/N ratios
Jin Hyung Lee
Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, South Korea
Title: Pretreatments of lignocellulosic wastes for producing value added products
Time : 14:45-15:05
Biography:
Jin Hyung Lee received his MSc and PhD degrees in Environmental Science and Engineering from Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Rep. Korea in the year 2003 and 2007, respectively. He is a Senior Scientist of Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology. He has published more than 32 papers in reputed journals and 2 book chapters.
Abstract:
This study will present several pretreatment methods for improving the production of value added products from lignocellulosic wastes. Lignocellulosic biomass consists of mainly cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and partially inorganics and additive. Each component could be raw materials for producing value added products. However, the barrier to the use of lignocellulosic wastes is its recalcitrance. Therefore, specific pretreatment processes should be involved before production process. Firstly, planetary mill pretreatment was used to improve biofuel production. This pretreatment method does not need washing and detoxification process. By the use of only planetary mill pretreatment, we obtained 84% of glucose conversion efficiency without biomass loss and, finally, 6.91 g/L of butanol production which was higher than cultures grown in a typical lab media (P2). Secondly, the lignin component in the lignocellulosic biomass was used to produce porous carbon electrode. To improve the formation of the porous carbon electrode, chemical pretreatment was performed to improve lignin content. After KOH activation, the carbon electrode showed 2,234 m2/g of surface area. Finally, three acidic solutions, sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride and oxalic acid, and one ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, were used to improve biosilica purity and porosity. Even though rice husk usually contains 12~20% of silica, low purity and porosity are bottleneck in its use. All chemicals were effective to improve ash contents. However, the use of sulfuric acid and ionic liquid led the increase of silica purity, more than 99.5%. Typically, porosity of silica was increased about two times when ionic liquid was used.
Eyob Habte Tesfamariam
University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
Title: Use of the SWB-Sci model for nitrogen management in sludge-amended land
Time : 15:05-15:25
Biography:
Eyob Habte Tesfamariam has completed his PhD from University of Pretoria. He is an agricultural systems modeler and a lecturer of soil physics and irrigation management in the Department of Plant Production and Soil Sciences at the University of Pretoria. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as reviewer of various national and international journals of repute.
Abstract:
Process-based computer simulation models are often used as reasoning support tools to integrate the complex processes involved in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the SWB-Sci model as a reasoning support tool for sludge management in agricultural lands, and use the validated model to assess the long-term agronomic and environmental implications of water availability and crop intensity on sludge-amended land. The model was calibrated for the test crops, maize (Zea mays Pan6966) and oats (Avena sativa L.), using data collected during the 2004/05 growing season from irrigated plots at the East Rand Water Care Works, Gauteng, South Africa. Model validation was performed using independent data sets collected during the 2004/05 to 2007/08 growing seasons. The model was successfully calibrated for maize and oats as all the statistical parameters were within the prescribed ranges [index of agreement (d)>0.8; relative mean absolute error (MAE%)<20%; coefficient of determination (r2)>0.8]. The model predicted nitrate leaching and crop N uptake reasonably well (d>0.85, MAE%≤14%, and r2>0.8), with slight overestimation of TDM and GY N uptake by 11–57 and 4–48 kgha-1, respectively. Long-term model simulations indicate that fixed sludge application rate recommendations generated from laboratory incubation studies may in the long-term result in spontaneous excessive nitrate leaching below the active root zone during high rainfall events, if recommendations do not consider N contribution from soil organic matter. Modelling also showed that leaving room for rain during each irrigation event may minimize the risk of nitrate leaching.
Juma Haydary
Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia
Title: Thermochemical recycling of municipal solid waste
Time : 15:25-15:45
Biography:
Juma Haydary has completed his PhD at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia. From 1999, he has worked at different positions at the Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at this University. At present time, he is an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals, 4 books and textbooks and more than 80 papers in proceedings of national and international conferences.
Abstract:
In this work, recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) by thermochemical methods such as pyrolysis and gasification was studied. A fraction of MSW generally separated from inorganic materials and biodegradable components, so called refuse-derived fuel (RDF), was studied by material characterization methods, laboratory scale experiments and modeling of industrial scale processes. Composition of RDF was determined by the separation of a representative sample into its basic components (paper, foils, hard plastics, textiles), which were homogenized by grounding in a cryogenic mill. All components of RDF and also a representative mixed sample of RDF were studied by thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), elemental analysis and bomb calorimetry to determine the kinetics of thermal decomposition, proximate and elemental composition, heat of the reaction and higher heating value. The pyrolysis and gasification experiments were performed in a laboratory scale screw type reactor. The amount and composition of all product yields (solid, liquid, gas) were measured. Industrial scale gasification and pyrolysis processes were studied by mathematical modeling and computer simulation. All processes, pyrolysis, gasification with air, gasification with oxygen and gasification with both oxygen and steam were investigated under different conditions. RDF conversion of 100% was achieved by gasification with air at the air to RDF mass ratio of 3:2. However, the gas heating value was only 4:4 MJ/Nm3. Gasification of RDF using oxygen enables producing a gas with the heating value of around 10 MJ/Nm3 at the oxygen to RDF mass ratio of 0:65. By increasing the steam to RDF mass ratio, the content of H2 and CO2 increased, however, the content of CO, reactor temperature and gas heating value were decreased.
Gopu Venugopala Reddy
Team Labs and Consultants, India
Title: Innovative Zero Liquid Discharge based Effluent Treatment System for API industry Clusters in India
Time : 16:20-16:40
Biography:
Gopu Venugopala Reddy is a professional environmental consultant for the past 25 years, with academic background of industrial chemistry. He is associated with most of the major API manufacturing units by providing consultancy services to them. Tummeda Ravikiran is a chemical engineer with over 7 years of experience in environmental consultancy, dealing mainly with environemental impact assessment reports for API industry. Meka Vasudeva Reddy is an Environmental engineer with over 20 years of experience in API industry, and is a pioneer in developing zero liquid discharge system.
Abstract:
The pharmaceutical industry in India is estimated to be US $ 26 billion, with exports of US $ 13 billion annually, to about 100 countries. Active Pharma Ingredient (API) is the active compound with medicinal properties and is a constituent of formulations. Hyderbad, the capital city of Telangana state in India is the hub of API manufacturing in South India, with over 400 manufacturing units concentrated in 6 industrial estates surrounding the city. The effluent streams from these units are difficult to treat with conventional treatment systems, due to high COD, and dissolved solid concentration in the effluents. The treatment systems evolved over the past 25 years, to arrive at a zero liquid discharge based treatment system wherein treated wastewater is reused in the plant utilities like boiler and cooling towers. The zero liquid discharge based treatment system consists of primary treatment followed by stripper, multiple effect evaporator (MEE) and agitated thin film dryer (ATFD). The stripper condensate which contains concentrated organics is sent to cement plants for co-processing, while MEE and ATFD condensate are sent to biological treatment system to be treated along with lean streams of effluents like utility blow downs, and domestic wastewater. The treated wastewater from biological treatment system are passed through reverse osmosis (RO) system to obtain permeate which is reusable in utilities, and reject which is sent to MEE for evaporation. The operational expenditure of the treatment system is due to maintenance, steam usage, electricity, chemicals and salaries. An innovative approach of utilizing the steam for power generation followed by usage of return steam for operation of stripper, MEE and ATFD will increase the viability of treatment systems and statutory compliance. This model facilitates viable common effluent treatment plants (CETP) for various API industry clusters in India.
Ben Mansour
University of Sfax, Tunisia
Title: Electroflotation process for the wastewater recycling
Time : 16:40-17:00
Biography:
Ben Mansour has completed his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering Process from University of Chemical Technology - Mendeleev –Moscow in 1995 and the Academic Empowerment in Chemical Engineering-Processes from the University of Gabes – Tunisia in 2007. His Subject area and expertise is units operations, bubble hydrodynamics and transfer in the electroflotation column. He is affiliate in Research laboratory of Applied Fluid Mechanics, Process Engineering and Environment - Science Faculty of Sfax Tunisia. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as reviewer for many journals in chemical process area.
Abstract:
Electroflotation is a type of bubble columns. It is the electrochemical version of traditional dissolved air flotation. It is characterized by its mechanism of oxygen and hydrogen bubble formation due to water electrolysis. Electroflotation presents several advantages: - Silent process which does not require large amount of energy. - High removal efficiency of suspended solids. - High COD abatement rate by native oxygen bubbles formed at the anode. - Possible control of mass and size of bubble produced by simple adjustment of current density. - Possible use of solar energy as a power source. In this context and as a first step, our research team focused on electroflotation as water treatment process. Many applications were performed successfully on real industrial wastewaters with good results in both batch and continuous regime. Theoretical study of oxygen transfer and also bubble hydrodynamics in such bubble unit is therefore very useful to optimize the process of electroflotation. In this context, several studies also focused on different parameters which affect the mass transfer coefficient Kla such as agitation, temperature, nature of the regime (batch or continuous), current density applied to the electrodes of the unit. These studies allow us to better understand and optimize the phenomena of oxygen transfer. On the other hand, the effect of physicochemical characteristics of liquid phase on the hydrodynamics of the unit was also done. Of course, the knowledge and characterization of hydrodynamics are essential for several reasons. In fact, identifying areas of transition between laminar and turbulent regime can help us to optimize the process in case of use as water treatment process. In addition, the knowledge of hydrodynamic parameters such as bubble diameter or gas retention will also allow a better understanding of mass transfer phenomena.
Ayoup M Ghrair
Royal Scientific Society, Jordan
Title: Use of greywater in production of mortar and concrete
Time : 17:00-17:20
Biography:
Ayoup M Ghrair holds a PhD degree in Geochemistry and Nanomaterial/Soil Science and Land Evaluation from Hohenheim University/Stuttgart-Germany. Currently, he is working at the Royal Scientific society. He is interested in Materials Science and Environmental Study. He published over 20 publications, conferences and booklet in international journals and has two patents. He was awarded from DAAD (2004-2009). In addition, He has been funded for scientific research in environmental issues form five organizations (SRTD I, SRTD II, SRSF, HMCSR, USAID, NSF). He has strong scientific networking on national and international level.
Abstract:
Currently, ready mix concrete is one of the most common construction materials. Concrete can be considered as one of the largest water consumer. The actual Jordanian need of cement is about 4.5 Mt/y. Around 3.7 Mm3/y of fresh water is needed to prepare ready mix concrete. Recently, the problem of water shortage in Jordan has become worse as a result of high population growth, influxes of refugees. Therefore, wastewater treatment and reuse for ready mix concrete industry is a high priority and rational action. This study will evaluate and investigate the potential of substitution of fresh water by treated wastewater partially or totally to produce ready mix concrete in Jordan. Raw greywater and treated greywater samples were collected from greywater filtration pilot plant in Jordan valley and analyzed. Control mortar and concrete mix were designed. Greywater was utilized for separate mixes. The other components of mixtures were kept constant as those in the control one except water type. Cured mortar and concrete specimens for each mix were tested at 7 days age as strength indication, while the other specimens were tested at 28 days to obtain compressive strength. The mortar and concrete compressive strength results obtained at 7 days moist curing time represent no significant differences. At 28 days, treated greywater mortar and concrete samples show significant increase in compressive strength on contrary the raw greywater achieved negative impact on compressive strength. In conclusion, treated greywater is a potential alternative for fresh water in ready mix concrete industry.
Benahmed Djilali Adiba
University of Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
Title: On the valorization of agro resource of Tizi Ouzou: Extraction for pectin from melon rinds and their application
Time : 17:20-17:40
Biography:
Benahmed Djilali Adiba has completed his PhD from Algeria University of Boumerdes. He is currently a Teacher at the University of Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-Ouzou.
Abstract:
The main objective of this work was to study the valorization of agricultural wastes and byproducts of food in our country; we opted for extracting pectin from melon rinds. Pectins are a very useful class of active ingredients and are identified as multifunctional compounds with several pharmacological activities. Pectin yields obtained using aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride as precipitating agents is 6.916% and 9.166% respectively. The pectins IR spectra obtained revealed that these pectins have two broad absorption bands at 3400 cm-1 and 3396 cm-1 which seems to correspond to the type of vibration ν elongation of the hydroxyl group (OH). The presence of peaks at about 1740 cm-1 and 1269 cm-1 appears to correspond to the C=O bonds of the uronic acids and esters. The bands found in the pectins extracted with aluminum sulfate (1743 cm-1) and (1239.15 cm-1) can be attributed to sugars or non-esterified acid that especially are found in pectins. Pectins precipitated by aluminum sulfate showed a microstructure similar to those of commercial pectins. These substances could be a primary source for the development of new products for many industries.
Victor Wilson-Corral
Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Mexico
Title: Innovative alternatives to recycling mine wastes in the XXI Century
Biography:
Victor Wilson-Corral completed his PhD at Centro de Estudios Justo Sierra (CEJUS), Mexico in 2008. In 2011, he completed a postdoctoral period of research at the Institute of Agriculture and Environment-Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. He is Senior Lecturer at Mines and Metallurgy Area of Culiacan Faculty of Engineering at Autonomous University of Sinaloa since 2009. He has published papers in reputable journals and serves as a reviewer board member for journals published by at Elsevier and Taylor and Francis.
Abstract:
Modern mining operations produce vast waste streams that compel planning and informed decision-making in matters relating to waste reduction, resource recovery, waste disposal and environmental protection. A sustainable future for the mining industry should include effective strategies for the reuse and recycling of waste streams. The enormous costs associated with the removal of pollutants from mine wastes using traditional physicochemical remediation technologies have stimulated the development of innovative biological techniques to extract or to stabilize soil pollutants. One innovative alternative suggested for the management of these wastes is the use of specific plant species. Reuse of waste can be considered as a remediation strategy and it is within this context that the concept of phytotechnology can be considered as a step towards sustainable development. The potential for gold phytoextraction (phytomining) has been clearly shown by the extensive record of published laboratory and greenhouse studies; and reports of field trials to date suggest the promise of an economic return. The profitability of this technique also has been suggested for metals such as silver, nickel, thallium and rhenium. Recent studies have shown that the gold and copper average concentrations in plant tissues, when plants are cultivated on mine wastes, can be as high as 55 and 120 mg/kg, respectively and there is an economic case for operation at these concentrations. Environmental benefits with the recycling of mine wastes are a key factor for the phytotechnologies application when metals such as copper (phytoremediation) are removed from these substrates.
Biography:
Uwe Waller is a Marine Biologist leading the aquaculture research and development activity at the University of Applied Sciences in Saarbrücken (Germany). He became a member of the faculty of engineering after 30 years of fundamental marine research at the Institut für Meereskunde in Kiel (Germany). His research is interdisciplinary/transdisciplinary and focuses on multi-trophic aquaculture/agriculture of animals, plants, and microalgae. He is supporting the development of novel biotechnologies for recycling of energy and matter in aquaculture. His results are internationally observed because they show opportunities for future environmentally sound and sustainable aquaculture/agriculture production.
Abstract:
Aquaculture continues to increase production because the supply from capture fisheries does not satisfy the demand of the growing human population. Beyond that, the climate change affects conventional aquaculture production systems that are connected with the biosphere. The area of conflict embraces hazardous environmental conditions, possibly caused by the aquaculture itself, extreme meteorological situations, or industrial disasters. The environmental impact of aquaculture is always in focus of science, stakeholders, and politics. A major milestone is the development of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) that are operating independently from environments. A worldwide unique project of HTW Saar is the large marine fish farm near Saarbrücken. This project proves the feasibility of urban aquaculture. In an experimental scale, RAS production is already linked to agriculture production. RAS technology opens windows for the reuse of dissolved nutrients that are generated in aquaculture production processes. A source of valuable nutrients becomes available for agriculture, i.e. fruit and vegetable gardening as well as large scale production of microalgae. While vegetable gardening supplies food, microalgae are industrial raw material. The application includes pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. A promising field is the next generation of biofuel, if sustainable sources of nutrients are allocated. RAS aquaculture has special potential because it delivers nutrients dissolved in its process water. The nutrients can selectively be transferred to autotrophic production that is based on solar radiation. An aspect of decisive importance is the management of the material flows. Circular production depends on the coupling of processes and requires novel model based process technology.
Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri
University of São Paulo, Brazil
Title: Soil Carbon for multiple ecosystem benefits: Positive examples from Brazil
Biography:
Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri obtained BS in Agricultural Engineering at the Universidade de São Paulo and PhD on the topic, Tropical Ecosystem Functioning. As a Post-Doc, he worked three years for an international project funded by the Global Environment Facility/UNEP. Presently, he is a Professor at the Soil Science Department at ESALQ/USP, where he teaches three courses for undergraduate students and four disciplines for Master’s and PhD students. His main lines of research are related to soil organic matter dynamics in tropical regions, mathematical modeling applied to soil science, soil properties spatial variability and global climate change.
Abstract:
Agriculture provides food, fibers and energy, which have been the foundation for the development of societies. Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) plays an important role in providing essential ecosystem services that historically have been reduced to plant nutrient availability, and agricultural management was driven for obtaining maximum benefits of this soil function. SOC, as part of the soil organic matter, comprises several fractions, such as the light fraction, microbial biomass, water-stable organics, and humus. It is considered one of the most useful indicators of soil quality, because it interacts with other numerous soil components, affecting water retention, aggregate formation, bulk density, pH, buffer capacity, cation exchange properties, mineralization, sorption of pesticides and other agrichemicals, color (facilitate warming), infiltration, aeration, and activity of soil organisms. It is the interaction of the various components of a soil that produces the net effects and not organic matter acting alone. According to recent concepts, sustainable land use must be assessed in terms of its impact on the SOC pool. There are several examples for SOC management for multiple benefits in Brazil, with new soil management techniques attempting to reverse this trend by increasing SOC stocks. One example is the zero tillage which has the advantage of reducing CO2 emissions from the soil and thus preserving or augmenting SOC stocks. Another positive example is the adoption of no-burning harvest of the vast sugarcane area in Brazil, which also contributes to reduced CO2 emissions, leaving crop residues on soil surface helping the conservation of essential plant nutrients and improving water storage.
Javier Miguel Ochando Pulido
University of Granada, Spain
Title: On the adequate selection and operation of a membrane module based on olive mill feedstream fingerprints characterization
Biography:
Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido is a young but active researcher in the membrane field. He completed his undergraduate studies in the University of Granada (Spain), and afterwards received a State Grant from the Science and Innovation Spanish Ministry to do his PhD thesis on olive mill effluents reclamation, in the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Granada. During his Post-graduate studies, he also received a State Grant from the Science and Innovation Spanish Ministry to enjoy a research stay period in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Rome “La Sapienzaâ€. Currently, he works as Talent Hub Postdoctoral Researcher (VII European Framework Program) in the Department of Biosystems and Environment Chemical Engineering of the University of Lisbon.
Abstract:
The application of membrane technology in improving the quality of the secondary-treated olive mill wastewater (OMWST) was examined, to obtain an effluent with good quality for its reuse in irrigation. One key issue that must be taken into account is to avoid or minimize membrane fouling potential, and this starts from the very first moment of the membrane selection. Choosing the most adequate membrane module is one of the keys for the success of the membrane process at real industrial scale. For this purpose, a deep analysis of the feedstream must be fulfilled, with a focus on particle molecular weight cut off and size distribution, both inorganic and organic. As a general rule, one of the most critical ways of membrane fouling, blocking of the membrane’s pores tends to be reduced when particles mean size is shifted from one tenth above or below the average pore diameter of the membrane. In this work, characterization of the fingerprints of OMWST was performed to choose the most adequate membrane for final purification of the effluent. Particle size distribution on OMWST revealed supra-micron colloids and suspended solids plus sub-micron particles below 1.5 µm remain in sensible concentration. 31.7% organic pollutants percentage with an average diameter below 3 kDa was measured. Finally, upon the gathered information, a nanofiltration (NF) membrane with 0.5 nm mean pore diameter was selected, and operation at 15 bar pressure lead to high flux production (70-80 L h-1m-2) and significant rejection efficiencies (88.5% for organic pollutants).
Anna Liza S Bais
Alpen-Adria Universtity, Austria
Title: Assessing resource efficiency gains and CO2 emission reductions of cascading in the wood sector in the European Union
Biography:
Anna Liza S Bais holds a double Master degree in Forestry and Nature Conservation from Wageningen Universtiy and European Forestry from the Universtiy of Eastern Finland under the Erasmus Mundus Programme. She is currently a PhD candidate at the Institute of Social Ecology, Alpen-Adria University in Vienna, Austria. She is also part of the CASTLE (Careers in Sustainability Excellence) project funded by the European Union’s programme called Marie Curie Actions.
Abstract:
In recent years, wood energy has regained importance due to the concern on increasing human-induced climate change, mainly caused by the combustion of fossil fuels. Wood biomass is increasingly promoted by governments as a carbon-neutral source of energy, based on the idea that for biomass, only the amount of carbon previously absorbed in the course of plant growth will be released to the atmosphere. The European Union set an ambitious and strict 20% renewable energy target by 2020, where wood –based energy plays a significant role in its strategies to expand the use of bioenergy. In consequence, the consumption of modern use of woodfuels (e.g. wood pellets and wood for heat and electricity) increased significantly in the EU in the past years. Bioenergy is not just the primary industrial use of wood biomass resources. Biomass is also widely used for various industrial processes for the production of pulp and paper, construction materials, furniture, among other uses. Wood biomass is also increasingly used as feedstocks for biomaterials due to the growing interest in the so called “bioeconomy†(i.e. an economy in which biomass displaces petroleum and other conventional materials). The increase in the consumption of bioenergy, in line with the growing interest in bioeconomy strategy might lead to an increased pressure on wood biomass resources and the forest ecosystem. Maximizing the efficiency of wood biomass conversions along the life cycle of wood products by the cascading use (i.e. the prioritization of wood biomass for higher added-value products, and as material input over energy use) of biomass can contribute to alleviate this increased pressure. This paper will present results of the current and potential resource efficiency gains based on established global biomass account and GHG emission reductions by utilization of recycled wood waste materials (i.e. post-consumer wood and paper wastes) for the manufacture of paper, paperboard and particleboard .
Tingyu Zhu
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Title: Applications of carbide slag in the wet desulfurization process for flue gas
Biography:
Xiaolong Liu was born in 1987 in Henan province, P. R. China. He received has BS from Tongji University in 2008. Then , He completed has MS and PHD from Zhejiang University in 2010 and 2013, respectively. Now, he works in Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences as an assistant professor. He has published more than 12 papers in reputed journals. His research interests are focused on the waste solid management and the air pollution control technologies.
Abstract:
In China, the output of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reached to 13.7 million tons, and nearly 80% of the production used the calcium carbide method. Meantime, 20 million tons of carbide slag was obtained as waste solid in the production of PVC. The extremely rough disposition of stacking and being open to the sky has not only occupied precious land but also polluted the earth and shallow groundwater. Besides, numerous industrial processes emitted great amount of SO2 and other pollutants. Under the background of waste solid and air pollution control, we developed a wet desulfurization process for flue gas using carbide slag as desulfurizing agent. Double tower absorption technology was used. The desulphurization efficiency was more than 96% with the utilization rate of desulfurizer being above 90% by optimizing the feeding speed, water circulation, and the oxidation and crystallization of calcium sulfite. The technology has been applied in some chemical plants in the middle and western China, where the calcium carbide process majorly distributed.
Tao Zhang
China Agricultural University, China
Title: Phosphorus recovery from animal manure wastewater by advance oxygen process coulped modified biochar adsorption
Biography:
Tao Zhang has completed his PhD from Nanjing University. He is an associate professor and the deputy dean of Department of Environment Science and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University. He has been a visiting scholar in Arizona State University in 2014. He is director of Water Treatment and Recycling Committee of Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences. He has published 30 papers in reputed journals and has been authorization 13 patents.
Abstract:
The loss of phosphorus (P) not only results in water eutrophication but also relate to non-renewable P resources waste. Recently, P recovery from animal manure wastewater has attracted interest. However, there are two main problems inhibit P recovery from animal manure wastewater. Firstly, large amounts of organic phosphorus (mainly referring to phytic acid P) cannot be directly recover, but must be converted into inorganic phosphorus. Secondly, due to many kinds of substances contained in animal manure wastewater, high selectivity methods towards P should be developed. In our work, advance oxygen processes, such as ultrasound, microwave, H2O2, ultrasound/H2O2, microwave/H2O2, were performed to promote P dissolution and transformation. The results indicate that advance oxygen processes were efficient for P release into treated supernatant. The synthesis modified biochar was used to high selectivety recover P from the treated supernatant. The P adsorption by modified biochar followed pseudo second-order kinetics and was mainly controlled by chemical reactions. The Langmuir-Freundlich model matched the experimental data best for P adsorption. The maximum amount of P adsorbed was in the range of 220 to 326 mg/g. The process was endothermic, spontaneous, and showed an increase in disorder at the solid-liquid interface. Postsorption modified biochar continually releases P and is most suitable for use in soil environment as fertilizer.
Biography:
Doron Lavee holds a PhD in Public Economics from the Ben-Gurion University and is an Associate Professor at the Economic and Management Department at Tel-Hai College. He also serves as an adjunct lecturer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and as Partner and General Manager of Pareto Group Ltd. He is a well-known expert in economics and environmental policy and management, including waste management and policy. Prof. Lavee has conducted many studies and analysis that led to public policy changes and the establishment of new and advanced standards in infrastructure and environmental issues.
Abstract:
This study presents an analysis of the factors influencing the recycling potential of municipalities in Israel, including population size and density, geographic location, current waste levels, and current waste management system. We employed a standard regression analysis in order to develop an econometric model to predict where potential for economically efficient recycling is highest. By applying this model to readily available data, it is possible to predict with close to 90% accuracy whether or not recycling will be economically efficient in any given municipality. Government agencies working to promote advanced waste management solutions have at their disposal only limited resources and budget, and so must concentrate their efforts where they will be most effective. The paper thus provides policy-makers with a powerful tool to help direct their efforts to promote recycling at those municipalities where it is indeed optimal.
Omer Damdelen
Girne American University, Cyprus
Title: Improving the usage of Recycled Coarse Aggregate in Sustainable Building Concrete for Thermal Mass
Biography:
Omer Damdelen has completed his PhD at the age of 25 years from Kingston University and he was working as Lecturer and Material engineer in Sustainable Concrete Laboratory at Kingston Unuversity. After that He worked as Civil Engineer in CGR Group Company Ltd. (UK). Now He is Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering Department at Girne American University. He is the coordinator of MSc Construction Management and also lecturer in GAU. He has published 1 book, 3 papers in reputed journals and 2 conference paper in scientific events.
Abstract:
In recent years, in a drive construction industry for more environmental-friendly, better solutions to manage demolition wastes (C&D) were explored. Recycled coarse aggregates are hard inert materials mostly provided from construction and C&D. Construction materials are highly criticized by their ecological properties. Concrete recycling achieves importance because it provides to minimize the applying natural resources and minimizes the required for disposal by applying the readily available concrete as an aggregate source for modern concretes. On the other hand, one of the challenges in sustainable development is to optimize the energy efficiency of buildings during their lifespan. Nowadays the applying of different types of cement materials in modern concretes provide low embodied CO2 with the intrinsic property called “thermal mass†that reduces the risk of overheating in the summer and provides passive heating in the winter for buildings. Specially, GGBS can be improved the thermal properties hence Thermal mass of Sustainable concrete. The combination of GGBS and RCA content concrete can be useful for building concrete. The results contribute to the examination of the thermal dynamic properties performance in Sustainable Concrete.
Khaoula Masmoudi
Center for Water Research and Technologies (CERTE), Tunisia
Title: Comprative Life Cycle Assessment of Thin Film Fixed Bed Reactor (TFFBR) and Coagulation -Flocculation process for textile waste water treatment for reuse purposes
Biography:
Khaoula Masmoudi is a Tunisian chemical engineer and PhD student at the Center for Water Research and Technologies (CERTE) in Tunisia, and at the technical university of Berlin in frame of a sandwich model thesis. Awarded two times by a scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) she conducted her thesis in the department of Environmental Process Engineering in TU Berlin where she investigated full scale plants (MBBR) for grey water treatment situated in Berlin for modeling and environmental analysis purposes.
Abstract:
Nowadays, the increasing demand for fresh water obliged the international community to react rapidly and find effective solutions to overcome this problem. The implementation of sustainable development strategies all over the world reflects the growth of awareness about different changes in our environment such as the climate change which was the subject of the conference of parties (COP 21) in Paris in December 2015. 195 parties were met in order to develop a universal agreement able to maintain a warming of 2°C until 2100 [1].This tense situation governed by the increase of the pollution, made that wastewater recovery and reuse using innovative technologies environmentally friendly is widely encouraged. The textile industry is among the industries which have a harmful impact on the environment since it requires the use of high volume of water and chemical products. According to the Agency for the promotion of industry and innovation (API) in Tunisia, the textile industry is the leader sector in terms of the total number of companies 32% and job offers 34%. The goal of this Life Cycle Assessment study was to assess the environmental benefits and drawbacks of an advanced oxidation process (AOP) which is the TFFBR used for the treatment of textile effluent in comparison with a coagulation flocculation process. The life cycle impact assessment is carried out based on the ISO 14040 series of standards using the software SimaPro 8 (Pre Consultants BV), the Ecoinvent database and the CML method which includes ten impact categories for the environmental assessment related to the climate change/global warming, depletion of abiotic resources, acidification, eutrophication, and human toxicity. The results shows that the environmental performance of TFFBR is much better than the coagulation-flocculation process. Thus, the environmental impact of TFFBR is about 86 to 99% lower depending on the impact category, with the exception of Abiotic depletion potential, for which it is 45% lower. Concerning the coagulation-flocculation process, the stage of production of the chemicals presents the highest contribution, compared to the production of electricity and transport, being responsible of more than 95% of the whole impact in all impact categories.
Nafiseh Dakhili
Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran
Title: Chloride removal from the secondary source of zinc
Biography:
Nafiseh Dakhili has completed his Master at the age of 25 years from Iran University of Science and Technology with Thesis in Subject: Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel’s Galvanizing Process by Pyro and Hydro Metallurgical Treatments and with GPA: 15.03 (out of 20). Thence she works as Commercial Manager at Faragostar Altoon production and commerce company. she has 6 papers which prestented at international coneferenses.
Abstract:
Zinc containing wastes/secondaries such as zinc ash, dross, flue dusts, sludge, residue etc. are generated in various chemical and metallurgical industries. The materials contain different level of impurities depending on the source. If zinc content material, like zinc ash and zinc slag, contains various amounts of chlorides like zinc chloride, zinc oxy-chloride, which comes from ammonium chloride and other chloride fluxes used by galvanizers, the chloride content has to be removed for the evaluation of this secondary resource for recovery as zinc metal or zinc oxide. The results (of the galvanizing slag’s treating that left after some pyrometallurgical prosses) indicate that roasting at 800 °C for 30 min, followed by alkali washing treatment, at 70 °C for 45 min by 1/6 solid/liquid ratio and 1.5 times the stochiometric amount, will useful for chloride removal with 94% efficiency.
Phu Ho Dai
University of Technology, Vietnam
Title: Research typical application using biological sludge, control and evaluation of heavy metals in fertilizers brewed from biological sludge for rice
Biography:
Phu Ho Dai has graduated from University of Technology in Environment-Environmental Management (2014). He is currently working as Police of Environment in Vietnam and pursuing Masters of Environment from University of Technology, Vietnam.
Abstract:
The study showed that the process of anaerobic decomposition contract by mesophilic composting method for efficiently handling heavy metals very well (over 60%). With the use of compost from bio sludge with 3% for rice, in addition to the ability to support the growth of the rice plant body length in the seedling stage (13.8%), the environment has cumulative expression levels of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni. Most heavy metals are concentrated in the soil and vegetation does not appear in the aquatic environment. Specifically, the amount of soil to accumulate Cu, Zn is the largest and rise through the service; plant in Cu, Zn, Pn, Ni, order accumulation of heavy metals in rice roots>leaves>body>seed. Especially the presence of heavy metals Ni=0.31 mg/kg, Zn=19.7 mg/kg in grain capable of causing bioaccumulation for users. A different result, as the metal in fertilizer only accumulate in the soil and vegetation to limit the exposure of pathways on the environment fell from 14 to 8 road route of exposure.
- Track 9: Food Waste RecyclingTrack 12: Metal and Plastic waste recyclingTrack 11: Rubber RecyclingTrack 16: Textile Recycling
Chair
Andreas Krause
University Hamburg, Germany
Co-Chair
Lingai LUO
French National Center for Scientific Research, France
Session Introduction
Patricia I Dolez
CTT Group, Canada
Title: Performance of virgin and recycled natural fibers for technical nonwoven applications
Time : 10:30-10:50
Biography:
Patricia Dolez is a researcher at CTT Group in St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada. She holds an Engineering Degree in Materials Science and a PhD in Physics. She has expertise in materials science, textiles, polymers, and composites, and has authored more than 80 papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings as well as several book chapters. She is the Editor of a book “Nanoengineering: Global Approaches to Health & Safety Issues” published in 2015 by Elsevier. She is especially interested in the application of smart textiles, nanotechnologies, natural fibres, and recycled materials in geosynthetics, building materials, and protective clothing.
Abstract:
Natural fibers are generating an increasing interest for various technical nonwoven applications. Indeed, they represent an easily available, low cost, low weight, and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic materials. Some of them are also available in large quantities as recycled materials, which further reduces the cost. However, most technical applications require well defined properties. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of the physical, thermal and mechanical properties of a list of virgin and recycled natural fibers: Flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, and sisal. Diameters between 40 and 150 µm were measured depending on the fiber type and origin. Fiber length ranged from 50 mm for recycled jute to 200 mm for recycled sisal. With one exception, more than 80% of the fibers were longer than 40 mm, the criterion for nonwoven processing by needle punching. A lower than 350°C degradation temperature was recorded with one source of recycled jute, which may be attributed to the presence of contaminants resulting from its previous use. Finally, the highest breaking force values were recorded for virgin hemp and recycled sisal while the largest elongation at break was obtained for virgin sisal. These results provide some useful information that can be used as a guide for the selection of natural fibers based on the technical requirements of the application. They also show that recycled fibers may be an interesting alternative as long as there is no contamination resulting from their former use.
Andreas Krause
University Hamburg, Germany
Title: Extending the life cycle – Novel wood-plastic composites as potential applications for post-consumer wood and plastics
Time : 10:50-11:10
Biography:
Andreas Krause has completed his PhD at the age of 32 years from Georg-August-University Göttingen. He is the Professor for wood composites and processing technology at University Hamburg. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Plastics from packaging are of major important in residual waste, which are either energetical recovered or landfilled. Only a small amount is recycled to secondary materials due to the high efforts for sorting and a lack in market of value added products for the recycled plastics. In the first decade of the 21st century, rising prices of crude oil has led to rising prices of plastic from hydrocarbon sources which has in turn affected the demand and rising prices for wooden fuel. In Germany, about 50% of the harvested wood is directly used as a renewable energy carrier. Studies estimated, that in the next 15 years wooden resources will become scarce in Europe due its heterogenous usability as an energy carrier, as a durable building product and as a precursor for the chemical industry by promoting wood as the sustainable key resource in the European Bioeconomy Strategy. Innovation in biomaterials has led to an increasing demand for wood-plastic composites (WPC), which combine the technical advantages of wood and thermoplastics by miniziming the disadvantages of the neat resources. Rescent developments of new thermoplastic biobased recyced materials will be shown. Using secondary resources for WPC exhibited equal stiffness, strength and physical performance compared to virgin resources, what is also beneficial from an ecological point of view by applying the product LCA methodology. An environmental basket of products study assessed the preferable end-of-life alternative of WPC. Recycling of post-consumer WPC tend to be the preferable alternative. Up to now, the least preferable options, incineration and landfilling, are the dominant disposal routes.
Beata Pospiech
Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Title: Ionic liquids as effective carriers of precious metal ions in membrane processes from leach liquors of metal waste
Time : 11:25-11:45
Biography:
Beata Pospiech has completed her PhD in 2005 at Czestochowa University of Technology, where she works in Department of Chemistry. Her research is focused on the hydrometallurgical methods of non-ferrous metals recovery, especially on the separation of metal ions from aqueous solutions by solvent extraction and transport across polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing various compounds as ion carriers. She is a member of European Membrane Society (EMS). She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals from Journal Citation Reports (JCR).
Abstract:
Many secondary sources contain very often valuable metals. Spent catalysts and industrial wastes can be source of platinum group metals (PGMs). In hydrometallurgical technologies, we obtain acidic solutions after leaching of the metal wastes by inorganic acids. This solution contains usually mixture of different metal ions which should be separated. This separation stage is necessary in the hydrometallurgical process because make possible to obtain clean products in the next stages, such as electrolysis, crystallization, etc. In this work, the transport of palladium(II) from acidic chloride solutions across polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) with phosphonium ionic liquid as ion carrier was studied. Transport through PIM is separation technique of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Effect of the membrane composition on the palladium(II) recovery has been studied. Phosphonium ionic liquids are very interesting group of the ionic liquids (ILs). Their structure and physicochemical properties caused that these compounds are recognized as the promising ion carriers of metal ions from aqueous solutions. The ion carriers are used for the synthesis of polymer inclusion membranes, which also contain polymer matrix (i.e. cellulose triacetate, CTA) and plasticizer (i.e. nitrophenyl alkyl ether). Effective and selective transport of metal ions from the aqueous source phase containing different metal ions into receiving phase depends strongly on the kind and concentration of ion carrier in membrane. Evaluation of the conditions of palladium(II) facilitated transport from hydrochloric acid solutions can be very useful in recycling process of the spent catalysts.
Ashraf Bakkar
Suez University, Egypt
Title: Recycling of steelmaking dusts through dissolution and electrowinning in deep eutectic solvents
Time : 11:45-12:05
Biography:
Ashraf Bakkar has obtained his PhD in Materials Engineering and Corrosion from Technische Universität Clausthal, Germany, May 2005. He conducted his scientific research and development in the field of Corrosion and Electrometallurgy in Institut für Materialprüfung und Werkstofftechnik Dr. Neubert (DN) GmbH at Clausthal, Germany (2005-08). He worked as Assistant- and Associate-professor in Metallurgical and Materials Eng. Dept., Suez University, Egypt (2008-2013). He is the Head of Environmental Eng. Dept. at Umm Alqura University, Saudi Arabia. His scientific co-operation with Prof. Neubert (Director of DN) has been continued since 2001. They are currently conducting recent research on recycling of dusts evolved from different Egyptian and German steelmaking fields. He has about 35 scientific contributions published as patents, journal papers, and conference articles.
Abstract:
World production of steel is about 1.6 billion tons annually. About one third of this amount is produced in electric arc furnace (EAF), which evolves about 20 kg of dust per ton of steel. Thus, more than 10 millions of dust waste is formed annually during steelmaking in EAFs worldwide. Recycling of this dust in iron- or steel-making is hazardous and therefore it is mostly dumped. The dust is rich in Fe and Zn (from galvanized ferrous scraps charged to EAF). It contains also elements such as Pb, Cr, and Cd. These toxic elements led the EAF dust to be categorized as hazardous waste, where they leach in water and pollute groundwater. Such dust waste can be also resulted from other steelmaking processes in cupola furnace and other steel converters. In this contribution, we present our results of recent research on recycling of steelmaking dusts evolved from EAF, cupola furnace, and steel converter through selective dissolution of Zn and Pb in deep eutectic solvents composed of mixtures choline chloride with urea and/or ethylene glycol. About 60% of Zn and 40% of Pb found in EAF dust as complex compounds were selectively dissolved. The resultant electrolyte was then used to electrowin Zn-Pb alloys. Pure Zn, which has a very high economical value, can also be electrowon separately. The residual dust, after its extraction in deep eutectic solvents, with lower Zn and Pb and higher contents of Fe oxides can be recycled in steelmaking processes. Moreover, the lowering Zn and Pb contents make the residual dust to be suggested for in corporation in cement synthesis. This approach was also applied for treating dusts evolved from other steelmaking processes and showed promising results.
Mengjun Chen
Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan
Title: Nano-Copper Recycled from Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Electrolysis
Time : 12:05-12:25
Biography:
Mengjun Chen has completed his PhD at the age of 28 years from Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinses Academy of Sciences. He visited the University of California, Irvine as a researcher with a reward from the China Scholarship Council. Now he is serving as the vice-director of Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), also called as electronic waste or e-waste, now is proliferating because of technologic innovation. Printed circuit board, as en essential part of almost all electric and electronic equipment, also is obsoleting sharply as the waste stream of e-waste. Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) is attracting more and more attention from the government and researchers because it is hazardous but resource rich. Thus, we should recycle the valuable metals from the the angle of pollution controle. Here, we propose a novel technology, slurry electrolysis, to seperate metals and non-metals first and then to recovery nano-copper using the seperated metals as the raw materials. By this technology, for the first step, metals could be successfully seperated from non-metals as micro-metal-powder with a metal recovery rate up to 98%. Then, the obtained micro-metal-powder, maily copper about 86.6%, were slurry electrolyzed for preparing nano-copper. Experiments showed that the abtained nano-copper was smaller than 80 nm with a purity of about 98% and a yield coefficient of about 98%. This technology provide a new approach to completely seperate metals and non-metals from WPCBs and also a high added value product, nano-copper. Of course, envrionmental issues in this process should be considered for field experiment.
John Leju Celestino
Southeast University, China
Title: Effects of hydraulic retention time, sewage temperature and effluent recycling on efficiency of up-flow anaerobic filter reactor in treating rural domestic sewage
Time : 12:25-12:45
Biography:
John Leju Celestino Ladu has completed his PhD from Southeast University and currently doing his Post-doctoral studies in Southeast University. He worked as Assistant Professor in University of Juba, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies and also as Environmental Consultant in private and government institutions of the Republic of South Sudan. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editor in several journals.
Abstract:
Population expansion and advances in socio-economic standards of rural communities had lead to serious environmental agitation. This paper assessed the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), sewage temperature and effluent recycling on treatment performance of up-flow anaerobic filter (UAF). Two experimental operations were performed; the first experiment was performed for four months with HRTs of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, temperature of 23.5°C, 25.4°C, 27.6°C and 29.3°C and with effluent recycling ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. The second experimental operations were also conducted for four months with HRTs of 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours; temperatures of 10°C, 13°C, 15°C and 18°C; and no effluent recycling. The first experimental operations revealed removal rates of 67% to 77% for COD, 61% to 66% for TN, and 36% to 51% for TP. In the second experimental operations, the removal rates varied from 30% to 36% for COD, 31% to 35% for TN and 10% to 15% for TP. The average gas production rates were 4.5 L/d and 1.3 L/d for the first and second experimental operations respectively. High rate of gas production in the first operations was due to the applied effluent recycling and high temperature as compared to the second operations with no effluent recycling and low temperature. The best removal rate was obtained for an optimum HRT of 96 hours, temperature of 29.3°C and effluent recycling ratio of 2:1. The results revealed that, the removal efficiency of UAF reactor was directly influenced by HRT, temperature and effluent recycling.
Stephane Bourg
CEA, France
Title: MSP-REFRAM-improving the valorization of the refractory metal resources in Europe
Time : 12:35-13:05
Biography:
Engineer from Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles and Doctor in Chemistry, Stéphane Bourg joined the CEA in 1999 as research engineer for developping materials dedicated to liquid effluent decontamination . In the years 2000, he was involved in pyrometallurgical process development. Since 2008, he is Project Manager, in charge of European collaborations. In parallel, he is involved in process simulation and life cycle assessment studies linked to the sustainability of energy mixes. Since 2014, he is the Chairman of the PROMETIA association, promoting mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. Since January 2015, he is also the Coordinator of MSP-REFRAM.
Abstract:
Refractory metals (tungsten, tantalum, rhenium, molybdenum and niobium) are highly strategic metals today mainly imported from a few countries. However, resources exist in Europe, as primary resources but mainly as secondary resources through recycling. Valorizing these resourcesrequires coordination and networking between researchers, entrepreneurs and public authorities to harmonise technologies, processes and services, develop standards, create new potential for export of eco-innovative solutions and for seizing newmarkets. By creating a multi-stakeholder platform that draws the currentrefractory metals value chains and identifies its innovation potential, MSP-REFRAM supports the implementation of the European Innovation Partnership on RawMaterials. Coming from industry, research, public sectors and civil society, both Consortium Members and External Expertshave joined forces with expertise covering the whole value chain including mining, processing, recycling, application.The outputs of MSP-REFRAM will help Europe improve the supply value chain of refractory metals in the coming years,optimising the use of external resources as energy and water and at the same time reducing the amount and the toxicity ofwaste.MSP-REFRAM will share its conclusions widely and efficiently, in a long lasting way thanks to the support of the PROMETIAassociation. To ensure the systemic change, the outcomes of the project will be made available to the stakeholders and tothe public through different tools and reports.This paper presents the organisation of the project as well as the first results obtained after the first technical workhsop.
Daeseung Kyung
Korea Land & Housing Corporation, South Korea
Title: Development of zero food waste system
Time : 13:05-13:25
Biography:
Daeseung Kyung has completed his PhD from Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) and Post-doctoral studies from the same university. He is a promising Young Researcher in the field of Environmental Science & Engineering. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been working as an Associate Researcher in Korea Land & Housing Institute.
Abstract:
Recently, reduction and recycling of food waste is emerging as an important environmental issue worldwide. Due to the improved living standards and heightened environmental awareness of people, the demand for food waste management system has been increased. In this study, we developed the zero food waste system (processing capacity: 100 kg/d) which can efficiently treat the food waste via fermentation and extinction with wood bio-chip and finally convert it as compost at 30~40°C for 24 hr. The system is composed of input entrance, inside screen and exhaust pipe, etc., with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology. We tested the performance of zero food waste system for 220 days. As a result, weight reduction of food waste was more than 90% and electricity consumption was 6.2 kWh/d on average. In addition, condition of by-product was good enough to be used as compost (i.e., pH: 7.5~8.5, water content: 30~40%, organic matter content: 80~85%, salinity: 0.4~0.5%, and ATP: 600~700 nmol/L). Therefore, it is expected that the developed system could significantly contribute to the reduction and recycling of food waste.
Biography:
Following the award of a PhD in physical organic chemistry from the University of Sheffield (UK), James spent a period with BP Chemicals Ltd., followed by a Research Fellowship at the University of Oxford, achieving Chartered Status with the Royal Society of Chemistry shortly therafter. A technical advisor for several SME's including Airbus Group, he has expertise in computational/structural chemistry, mechanistic organic/organometallic chemistry, kinetics, thermochemistry, and holds patents in performance additives for fuels.
Abstract:
The thermal recycling of waste plastics such as Tetra Pak is achieved via pyrolysis using a semi-pilot plant scale (≈100g) fluidised bed reactor. Resultant oils are sampled from the condensation streams, and chars are collected from the reactor, pre- and post-gas filters. The organic products are characterised using NMR, GC and GC-MS. Both organic and inorganic materials are analysed by ICP-OES and SEM-EDX in order to characterise the deposition of metals throughout the pyrolysis vapour stream. SEM is used to identify and characterise the different morphologies of materials retrieved from the sand bed reactor. It has been demonstrated that NMR is a useful tool for the rapid characterisation of the paraffin, olefin and aromatic functional group ratios for these potentiall valuable oils. Metal distribution is low amongst the oils, and those traces that are present are consistent with corrosion from the reaction vessel. In the case of laminated aluminium plastics such as Tetra Pak, very pure aluminium is deposited in the sand bed char and metal immobilisation throughout is again consistent with reactor corrosion. Indeed, the level of metal contamination found in the chars is such that they may be considered hazardous materials in terms of land fill disposal.
Leo Sakaguchi
University of California, USA
Title: Food Waste prevention in small businesses, the most preferred strategy among food recovery
Biography:
Leo is completing his Masters degree at the age of 28 years at Darmstadt University of Technology and as a visiting student researcher currently doing research on food waste at University of California at Berkeley. He is the director of sustainability at The Better Bowl, a startup using imperfect produce to provide healthy food on campusses. He is going to publish 2 papers in reputed journals in the area around food waste.
Abstract:
Prevention is the most important and preferred action for dealing with the current quantities of food waste. Most recent, published scientific articles regarding food waste are using less ideal strategies for dealing with food waste, such as composting for the use of biomass. The focus of this paper are small businesses, such as restaurants and catering facilities, and exploring options for a decent implementation of recent food waste prevention initiatives. There are different auditing and accounting tools, which are provided by government and stakeholders in the business sectors. However, these tools are not being used in many cases, and the purpose of this paper is to understand why those are not being utilized and how to implement such tools. The lack of knowledge, the existence of different, but not comparable, solutions, and the increasing demand for research around food waste from the side of food processors are the main reasons for choosing this topic. The data for this paper will be based on a survey addressed to small business owners regarding their behavior around food waste. A trial research week monitoring the amounts of food waste and the reasons of the existence of those will be conducted.
L Reyes-Bozo
Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
Title: Recycling wastes into copper mining operations: Use of industrial ecology strategies to greening Chilean copper industry
Biography:
L Reyes-Bozo completed his MSc and PhD degrees in Engineering Sciences in 2006 and 2011, respectively, both of them from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Since 2008, he has been a Full Professor and Researcher of Engineering Faculty, Universidad Andrés Bello. He is the Director of Engineering Science Department. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals. He has worked on programs and projects in the mining field, with emphasis on environmental management. His research interests include: use of industrial ecology strategies and cleaner production concepts; assessment of environment-friendly substances as froth flotation agents; modeling, simulation and process control.
Abstract:
Sawdust was used as cheap sorbent for the remediation of a diesel and oil fuel-contaminated mining soil whereas biosolids and their main components (i.e., humic substances, sugars and proteins) were evaluated as main collector and frothers in froth flotation of copper sulfide ores. The use of these waste materials in copper sulfide ore mining and mineral processing may have a positive impact on the cleaner production of copper from its natural raw sources and may decrease the deleterious effect that mining operations have on the environment. Mixtures of oil fuel contaminated mining soil and sawdust were treated in an aerobic reactor at 50.0% humidity for several days. A significant decrease (over 60.0%) of volatile organic compounds content in these mixtures was obtained after one-month of treatment. The total replacement of the main collector with the same dosage of humic acids (38 g/t) resulted in copper recovery and grade concentrate of 85.9% and 6.7% Cu, respectively. Partial replacement (50%) resulted in a slightly lower copper recovery (89.5%), but a slightly higher grade concentrate (5.9%) as compared to use of xanthate. Biosolids with a high content of fulvic substances also showed similar metallurgical indicators. Biosolids and their components have shown to be potential candidates to partially substitute commercial chemicals used in industrial flotation of copper sulfide ores. This possibility opens up an alternative for greening copper sulfide ore flotation by using more environment-friendly flotation reagents. Then, a conceptual model based on industrial ecology and cleaner production principles is proposed for greening the overall copper sulfide ore processing.
Jun-Yen Uan
National Chung Hsing University, Republic of China
Title: Recycling of low grade magnesium scraps
Biography:
Jun-Yen Uan has completed his PhD from Natioanl Cheng Kuang University, Taiwan and Post-doctoral study from The Ohio State University, USA. He is a faculty member in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan since 2002. He presides over a laboratory in research on green materials and their processing for sustainability. In 2004, he began efforts to understand the recycling problems of post-consumer magnesium and low-grade magnesium. He has published more than 80 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Advances in Recycling & Waste Management.
Abstract:
Automobile industry has increased the number of components that are produced from Mg alloy. Moreover, Mg alloy products have been widely utilized in 3C (computer, communication, and consumer electronics) products. Therefore, from the manufacturing to the end of life of the Mg products, a massive amount of low-grade Mg scraps (LGMS) is expected to be produced. In this work, LGMS was recycled to be used as hydrogen generator. Molten LGMS bath at 580C in a semi-solid state was prepared. A metallic net was employed as a catalyst. A hot dipping process was developed by dipping the metallic net into the semi-solid bath to form a solidified LGMS overlayer on the net. The LGMS/metallic net was a hydrogen generator in NaCl aqueous. A new H2-on-demand system, comprising mainly aqueous NaCl and LGMS/metallic net was evaluated by measuring the electrical power by proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) (driving a motor fan and illuminating a high-power LED lamp). The galvanic couple (LGMS/Pt-Ti net and LGMS/S.S.) generated hydrogen in an NaCl solution (3.5 wt%). The mean volume of hydrogen generated in 50 min was 33.7±4.3 liters as the metallic net was platinum-coated titanium and 16.1± 7.8 liters was produced as the metallic net was stainless steel. On average, one gram of LGMS yielded approximately one liter of H2. Experimental results concerning the about metallic catalysts reveal that the platinum-coated titanium net and stainless steel net can be reused at least five times with comparable H2 yields.
Moshe Mello
Vaal University of Technology, South Africa
Title: Desulphurizaion of waste tire pyrolytic oil (TPO) using photodegradation and adsorption techniques
Biography:
SDFDSFGBN B
Abstract:
The nature of tires makes them extremely challenging to recycle due to the available chemically cross-linked polymer and, therefore, they are neither fusible nor soluble and, consequently, cannot be remolded into other shapes without serious degradation. Open dumping of tires pollutes the soil, contaminates underground water and provides ideal breeding grounds for disease carrying vermins. The thermal decomposition of tires by pyrolysis produce char, gases and oil. The composition of oils derived from waste tires has common properties to commercial diesel fuel. The problem associated with the light oil derived from pyrolysis of waste tires is that it has a high sulfur content (>1.0 wt.%) and therefore emits harmful sulfur oxide (SOx) gases to the atmosphere when combusted in diesel engines. Desulphurization of TPO is necessary due to the increasing stringent environmental regulations worldwide. Hydrodesulphurization (HDS) is the commonly practiced technique for the removal of sulfur species in liquid hydrocarbons. However the HDS technique fails in the presence of complex sulfur species such as Dibenzothiopene (DBT) present in TPO. This study aims to investigate the viability of photodegradation (photocatalytic oxidative desulphurization) and adsorptive desulphurization technologies for efficient removal of complex and non-complex sulfur species in TPO. This study focuses on optimizing the cleaning (removal of impurities and asphaltenes) process by varying process parameters; temperature, stirring speed, acid/oil ratio and time. The treated TPO will then be sent for vacuum distillation to attain the desired diesel like fuel. The effect of temperature, pressure and time will be determined for vacuum distillation of both raw TPO and the acid treated oil for comparison purposes. Polycyclic sulfides present in the distilled (diesel like) light oil will be oxidized dominantly to the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfone via a photo-catalyzed system using TiO2 as a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent and finally acetonitrile will be used as an extraction solvent. Adsorptive desulphurization will be used to adsorb traces of sulfurous compounds which remained during photocatalytic desulphurization step. This desulphurization convoy is expected to give high desulphurization efficiency with reasonable oil recovery.
Banwari Lal
The Energy and Resources Institute, India
Title: Production and characterization of exopolysaccharide bioflocculants produced by Acromobacter sp.: Biosorption of heavy metals
Biography:
Banwari Lal has completed his PhD in microbiology from Rajasthan University, India and has more than 27 years of research experience in multidisciplinary areas; microbiology, bioremediation, bioenergy. He is the Director of Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India. He has published more than 70 papers in peer reviewed high impact factor international and has got more than 8 patents and his in-depth research contributions resulted in successful commercialization of biobased technologies; ‘Oilzapper’, ‘Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery’.
Abstract:
Present study highlights isolation of bio-flocculent producing microbes; Achromobacter sp. TERI-IASST N and Achromobacter xylosoxidans TERI L1, capable of biosorption of multi metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cu). These microbes were isolated from heavy metal contaminated activated sludge samples collected from petroleum refineries. At optimum process parameters (pH 7.5, 37°C temperature, 1% sucrose as feed stock, 120 h incubation period) bioflocculating activity of ‘TERI L1’ strain enhanced (in presence of sucrose as carbon source) to 83.3%. This activity decreased to 73%, when grown in presence of multi-metals. ‘TERI L1’ could adsorb 90% of multi-metals when grown in presence of 1250 mg L−1Zn, 2 mg L−1Cd, 30 mg L−1 Pb, 200 mg L−1Ni and 90 mg L−1Cu and could adsorb 1100 mg L−1 of Pb, when grown in presence of 1500 ppm lead nitrate. ‘TERI-IASST N’ demonstrated 90% flocculation activity (in absence of heavy metals) at optimum condition; ‘pH 6, temperature 37 oC, C/N ratio 1, 1% sucrose as feed stock, 120 h incubation period). In presence of multimetals, flocculation activity of strain N decreased to 84%. ‘TERI-IASST N’ strain revealed 430 mg L−1 Zn and 30 mg L−1 Pb. Bioflocculant yield efficiency of ‘TERI-IASST N’ and ‘TERI L1’ strains were; 10.5 g/L and 5 g/L, respectively. The bioflocculants were thermostable and retained up to 80% flocculating activity after being heated at 90ºC for 30 minutes, which is attributed to the polysaccharide backbone. LC–MS analysis confirmed the bioflocculants as, carbohydrate hetero-polymers. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies revealed that the bioflocculants were glycoproteins. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study that reports the isolation of A. xylosoxidans strain that has significant potential for bioflocculant production as well as for adsorption of multi-metals. The exopolysaccharide bioflocculants produced by ‘TERI L1’ and ‘TERI-IASST N’ strains have good potential for bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated wastewater.
Saeed Ostad Movahed
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Title: Rubber recycling by an irradiation technique
Biography:
Saeed Ostad Movahed has completed his PhD degree from Loughborough University (UK) in polymer technology (rubber). Presently, He is assistant professor at polymer group, faculty of sciences, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. He has published more than 18 ISI papers and Participated in several international conferences.
Abstract:
Rubber recycling or reclaiming is growing worldwide because of increasing raw material costs. In addition, extensive use of rubber articles and their eventual disposal is a major concern for the environment Rubber recycling is the process of recycling rubbers that are no longer suitable for use due to wear or irreparable damages. The product of rubber reclaiming in most cases is a partially devulcanized rubber which can replace partially virgin rubber and can be revulcanized for manufacturing new rubbery articles. In rubber devulcanization, three dimensional rubber networks which is the outcome of vulcanization reactions, are broken. In sulphur vulcanization, the formation of both C–S and S–S bonds takes place, and it is therefore expected that during devulcanization, only C–S and S–S bond cleavage should occur. Several techniques were used for rubber devulcanization. They are, chemical, thermo chemical, mechanical, irradiation and biological processes. Irradiation process may include microwave irradiation. The three dimensional rubber network can be broken down by microwave. The energies required to break monosulfidic C-S, polysulfidic S-S and peroxide C-C bonds are 270, 240 and 345 kJ/mol, respectively. Hence, enough caution should be considered during microwave irradiation to break, only C_S and S-S bonds during devulcanization. In this study the microwave devulcanization of three famous waste rubbers, namely, butyl rubber (IIR), tire rubbers and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) were studied. The effect of various parameters, i.e., microwave temperature, several devulcanization agents and corresponding values, were estimated on devulcanization efficiency. The potential use of devulcanized waste rubber as a substitution for new virgin rubber, also were evaluated.
- Young Research Forum
Session Introduction
Peter Keeley
University of Birmingham, UK
Title: The recycling of air pollution control residue into geopolymers via plasma arc technology
Biography:
Peter Keeley is an Engineering Doctorate student at the University of Birmingham under the supervision of Professor Neil Rowson. He is based at Tetronics International in Swindon, UK where he is working on developing high value products from thermal plasma processing of waste materials. He obtained a Masters of Engineering at the University of Birmingham in 2013.
Abstract:
Air pollution control residue (APCr) is a major hazardous product produced during incineration processes. The material is produced during the cleaning of the gaseous stream produced during incineration removing hazardous chemicals such as chlorine, lead and zinc before it is emitted to the atmosphere. The increase in incineration activities means that APCr production is currently around 300,000 tonnes per year in the UK alone. Thermal plasma technology can be used to vitrify this material and transform it into a non-hazardous glass suitable for commercial use for example as a low grade aggregate. Due to the vitreous nature of the material, it has been found that this material has latent hydraulic properties and can also undergo alkali activation and so form a geopolymer material which could be used as a cement substitute in concrete applications. The recycling of APCr into a material with a high economic value, such as a cement substitute, offers both economic and environmental benefits for the sustainable treatment of this hazardous waste using thermal plasma technology. The geopolymers produced from this material can achieve compressive strengths of over 70 MPa displaying properties which are competitive to commercially available cements.
Atsushi Santo
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
Title: Identifying the gap in fluorocarbons treatment from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Southeast Asia
Biography:
Atsushi Santo is a researcher of DOWA ECO-SYSTEM Co., Ltd., a waste management and recycling company in Japan. He has much practical experience at many site-related to waste incineration, metal recovery and so on. And now, he is doing a policy research of the evaluation on WEEE recycling system as a visiting researcher of Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES). Moreover, he is on Doctoral program of Tohoku University.
Abstract:
This study focuses on fluorocarbons (FCs: CFC/HCFC/HFC) emitted from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Southeast Asia. The main measures for FCs under the Montreal protocol as Ozone Depletion Substance (ODS) are restricting the consumption of FCs and converting CFC and HCFC into HFC with zero ODS. However, there is much FCs which still have big environmental impact in operating equipment and HFCs which are not controlled under the protocol has major global warming potential (GWP). The consumption of FCs in Asia has rapidly increased. For example, the demand for air conditioners (AC) in Asia reached 58 million units in 2014. Thus the amount of FCs contained in AC is estimated to be more than 50 thousand tons. The amount could be approximately 100 billion tons-CO2 equivalent. Moreover, there are major differences between countries in regards to regulations for controlling the negative effects of FCs from WEEE. For the appropriate management of FCs, effective WEEE treatment system in which FCs are managed in environmentally sound manner as same as hazardous substance is necessary. According to our survey of FCs treatment, capacity in Southeast Asia is estimated less than 5% of annual consumption and the officially reported amount of destruction of FCs are less than 10t per year. Because of high climate impact, the process of recovery and destruction of FCs should be introduced as early as possible when WEEE treatment systems are going to be introduced with all possible means. For this, international cooperation and relevant technology are essential.
Mohamed Ameur Arfaoui
CTT Group, Canada
Title: Preparation of hydrophobic nonwoven using recycled jute fibre and a titanium dioxide/fatty acid coating
Biography:
Mohamed Ameur Arfaoui is a PhD student in Mechanical Engineering at École de Technologie Supérieure of Montreal (Canada). He is carrying out his research project at CTT Group (Canada). He received a Master degree’s in Industrial Engineering from the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Indutries Textiles and the Université de Lille (France). He also holds a Bachelor in Textile Materials Engineering from the École Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Monastir (Tunisia). He specializes in the surface treatment of textile fibres and biocomposites.
Abstract:
A large quantity of jute fibres is used each year, for example as packaging bags for cotton and coffee or as a building material. These fibres can be recycled after use and given a second life in order to divert them from landfill. However, their performance may be reduced compared to virgin jute. In particular, they may become more sensitive to moisture. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a hydrophobic treatment for recycled jute fibres. A non-woven composed of 85% of recycled jute fibres and 15% of sheath/core bicomponent fibres was manufactured by carding/needling and thermally bonded using a calendar. The jute nonwoven was then coated with a dip-pad-dry method using different solutions of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles developed by a sol-gel process. It was followed by a treatment by different concentrations of stearic acid, a typical fatty acid. The untreated samples had a water drop retention time of 31s. They became superhydrophilic after being treated with the TiO2 solutions. Upon treatment with more than 4 mM of stearic acid, the sample retention time exceeded 120 min, indicating an hydrophobic behavior. This study also showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles size, which increased with the ethanol concentration in the TiO2 solutions, did not seem to have an effect on the nonwoven hydrophobicity. In addition, no significant effect of the hydrophobic treatment on the thermal stability of the jute nonwovens was observed. This “green†hydrophobic treatment opens large opportunities for technical applications of recycled jute fibres.
Isabel F.F. Neto
University of Porto, Portugal
Title: Recycling of copper and aluminium with high purity from end life printed circuit boards
Biography:
Isabel has completed her graduation in Biochemistry at the University of Porto and her master in Food Technology and Safety at the University Nova de Lisboa at the age of 23 years old. She is now in the fourth year of Ph.D studies in Environmental Engineering at Porto University. She has been developing green processes to recovery valuable metals from electronic wastes. Isabel published 4 papers in reputed journals and presented 3 oral comunications.
Abstract:
The large percentage of Cu present in printed circuit boards (PCBs) residues, usually about ten times more than the Cu amount present in rich-content minerals, makes these residues an attractive secondary source of Cu. The main aim of this work was to develop a simple and nearly-closed two-step process to recover Cu and Al from PCBs residues with high purity.Firstly, a multi-element leaching solution, containing 78 and 85% of the total amount of Cu and Al present in the residue, respectively, together with other metals, was obtained using acidic conditions (HNO3 2M for 210´at 50ºC). The leached solution was constituted by: 66% of Cu and 28% of Al and smaller amounts of Fe, Sn, Zn, Ni and Ag. In a second step, a bispicolylamine resin (Dowex M4195TM) was used to recover Cu with high selectivity. A flow rate of 0.17 mL/min/g of resin was applied to allow maximizing Cu recovery (99.5% of Cu retained). Almost no Al, Fe, Sn and Zn were retained. H2SO4 4 mol/L was used as eluent and 96% of Cu was eluated. The use of DOWEXTM M4195 allowed concentrating the Cu in the final solution (from 18mM of Cu to 31 mM of Cu) and enabled purifying Cu into a final Cu solution with high grade of purity (99.0%). Additionally, the amount of Al (85%), leached from the residue and present in the raffinate, was totally recovered as a solid of Al(OH)3 with 96% of purity.
S. Maryam Sadeghi
University of Porto, Portugal
Title: Zn recovery from spent alkaline batteries using an environmental friendly approach
Biography:
Seyedeh Maryam Sadeghi has completed her Master from Mazandaran University of Islamic Republic of Iran and has worked for 20 months as a researcher in Porto University. She studies Ph.D in the field of Environmental Engineering from Porto University. She has published 4 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Consume of alkaline batteries in the world is increasing and the destination of spent batteries is a concern. Recycling metals from spent batteries could be interesting to decrease the amount of batteries sent to landfill or incineration and for the maintenance of mineral resources. The aim of this work was to recover Zn selectively from spent alkaline batteries using environmental-friendly techniques. Acid leaching was used to extract Zn from spent alkaline batteries.Conventional, microwave- and ultrasound-assisted leaching were tested. Assisted leaching techniques were applied in order to improve: less leaching time and concentration of acid, higher Zn extraction and a higher selectivity of Zn over Mn. Besides Zn, Mn is the major metal present in spent alkaline batteries. For conventional leaching, the best result was 90% of Zn extraction (H2SO4 1.5 mol/L, 3 h, 80ºC). The use of microwave- and ultrasound assisted leaching increased the extraction of Zn for 96% (1 cycle, 30 s, H2SO4 1 mol/L) and 92% (2 min, 0.1p 20% amplitude, H2SO4 1 mol/L), respectively. Assisted leaching techniques allowed recovering a high amount of Zn with a smaller concentration of acid (H2SO4 1 mol/L versus 1.5 mol/L) and much less time (30s and 2 min for microwave and ultrasound versus 3h) than used in conventional leaching. Both approaches showed to be interesting due to the high Zn removal, the low acid concentration needed and the short duration process. However, ultrasounds had better selectivity, resulting in a Zn solution with higher purity grade (83.3%).
Alina Gimp
Southern Federal University, Russia
Title: New method for extraction of benzo[a]pyrene from industrial polluted soil
Biography:
Alina Gimp have entered the Southern federal university in 2012. From the first course actively I am engaged in research work on studying of accumulation and transformation of organic pollyutant in soils and plants. Since 2013 I am a member of the All-Russian society of soil scientists of V. V. Dokuchayev.In 2014 I am accepted to a position of the laboratory research assistant of department of soil science and an assessment of land resources. I own the practical skills of work in field conditions received in expeditions and in the period of field summer the practician: by methods of sampling of soils, fertilizers, production of plant growing. I am able to use modern field and laboratory equipment.In 2016 I graduate from the university with degree "bachelor", but I plan to continue training in Academy of biology and biotechnology of SFEDU with the master's degree. During training actively participated in scientific conferences.
Abstract:
The most significant cancer-causing and mutagenic contaminants group of the environment compounds are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The main marker of soils pollution by PAHs is benzo[a]pyrene. Knowledge of soil contamination with benzo[a]pyrene is needed to minimize the risk of human exposure and environmental contamination. The benzo[a]pyrene content in all environmental matrices and food is under obligatory regulations world-wide. The New method for extraction of benzo[a]pyrene – priority industrial pollutant from industrial polluted soil by subcritical water extraction method from soils is the purpose of the research. Studies were conducted on the soils of monitoring plots subjected to Novocherkassk Power Station (NPS) emissions. Monitoring plots were established at different distances from the NPS (1.0–20.0 km). It was shown that the use of water in subcritical state as a solvent for benzo[a]pyrene extraction from soil allows to avoid of large volumes of organic solvents and to decrease the time of sample preparation.. The method of benzo[a]pyrene subcritical water extraction from soil was developed and approbated during long-term monitoring researches of technogenic polluted territories. The optimum conditions for benzo[a]pyrene extraction from soil have been determined: the soil is treating by subcritical water at 250 ºC and 100 atm of pressure for 30 min. Trends in the accumulation of benzo[a]pyrene in soil zones of the thermal power plant influence have been researched over a 4-year period of monitoring observations by subcritical water extraction method. Benzo[a]pyrene accumulation in soils depends on the technogenic emissions to the atmosphere from Novocherkassk power station and on the soil physical and chemical properties.
Huya Ucar Sokoli
Aalborg University Esbjerg, Denmark
Title: Closing the life cycle of waste fiber reinforced polymer composites by converting it into valuable products
Biography:
Hulya will complete her PhD in approx. 1 month at the age of 27 years from Aalborg University Esbjerg. She is a part of a 2.7 mill euro Innovation Consortioum (GENVIND), who’s goal is to develop technologies for sustaniable recycling of polymer composites. She is working on chemical degradation of FRP composite waste and is currently the only PhD in Denmark working on this topic.
Abstract:
Closing the life cycle of waste polymer composites by converting it into valuable products: Polymer composites reinforced with fibers (FRP) are used in almost every type of advanced engineering structure, such as in industrial applications, automobiles, aeronautics, constructions, sports etc. According to the Composite Market Report, the usage of FRP composites exceeded 8.8 million tonnes in 2014 and continues to grow with a very fast rate. However, despite the successful applications of FRP composites, recycling at the end of the life cycle is associated with major difficulties, due to the cross-linked nature of the thermoset polymer. Therefore, the majority of the FRP composites are currently landfilled or incinerated. These abolition methods are not sustabiable in the long term and lead to negative impant on the environment. Chermical degradation of FRP composite waste has shown very promising results. With temperatures in the range of 260-325 °C and pressures down to 50 bar, it has been possible to convert the waste into usable end products. This includes: • Recovery of expensive monomers with high purity, which can be used to produce new polymers. • Conversion of the polymer into a potential fuel with high calorific value. • Recovery of fibers with retained mechanical properties. With these results, the FRP composite end of life cycle can be closed in an environemental and economical beneficial way. Furthermore, some of these achievements have not been attained previously, providing important knowledge in the field of composite recycling
Atakan Tantekin
Adana Science and Technology University, Turkey
Title: Performance assessment of a biogas powered gas engine in a wastewater treatment plant
Biography:
Atakan Tantekin has completed his BS at the age of 23 years from Cukurova University and continues MS studies in the Adana Science and Technology University. He works as research assistant in the Adana Science Technology University, mechanical engineering department. His research areas are focused on the thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and the renewable energy technologies.
Abstract:
Energy production from the renewable energy sources is an emerging technology all over the World, especially in the last decades. Biogas production from recycling wastewater is a thriving option to meet the energy demand as well as to prevent environmental pollution. Due to the high content of methane in the biogas, the biogas has a high heating capacity as fuels. This study demonstrates an exergy analysis of a gas engine powered by biogas in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), located in Turkey. In order to investigate the effect of the biogas on the system performance, the exergy efficiency and exergy destruction rate for the gas engine are analyzed in the WWTP. The analysis show that the irreversibility occurs in the gas engine is calculated as 2235.66 kW. The second law efficiency of the gas engine is found as 63.12%. As a result, in order to obtain more efficient energy production process, the significant amount of irreversibility occurred in the gas engine must be taken into consideration.
- Young Research Forum
Session Introduction
Peter Keeley
University of Birmingham, UK
Title: The recycling of air pollution control residue into geopolymers via plasma arc technology
Biography:
Peter Keeley is an Engineering Doctorate student at the University of Birmingham under the supervision of Professor Neil Rowson. He is based at Tetronics International in Swindon, UK where he is working on developing high value products from thermal plasma processing of waste materials. He obtained a Masters of Engineering at the University of Birmingham in 2013.
Abstract:
Air pollution control residue (APCr) is a major hazardous product produced during incineration processes. The material is produced during the cleaning of the gaseous stream produced during incineration removing hazardous chemicals such as chlorine, lead and zinc before it is emitted to the atmosphere. The increase in incineration activities means that APCr production is currently around 300,000 tonnes per year in the UK alone. Thermal plasma technology can be used to vitrify this material and transform it into a non-hazardous glass suitable for commercial use for example as a low grade aggregate. Due to the vitreous nature of the material, it has been found that this material has latent hydraulic properties and can also undergo alkali activation and so form a geopolymer material which could be used as a cement substitute in concrete applications. The recycling of APCr into a material with a high economic value, such as a cement substitute, offers both economic and environmental benefits for the sustainable treatment of this hazardous waste using thermal plasma technology. The geopolymers produced from this material can achieve compressive strengths of over 70 MPa displaying properties which are competitive to commercially available cements.
Atsushi Santo
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan
Title: Identifying the gap in fluorocarbons treatment from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Southeast Asia
Biography:
Atsushi Santo is a Researcher of DOWA ECO-SYSTEM Co., Ltd., a waste management and recycling company in Japan. He has much practical experience at many site-related to waste incineration, metal recovery and so on. And now, he is doing a policy research of the evaluation on WEEE recycling system as a visiting researcher of Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES). Moreover, he is on Doctoral program of Tohoku University.
Abstract:
This study focuses on fluorocarbons (FCs: CFC/HCFC/HFC) emitted from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Southeast Asia. The main measures for FCs under the Montreal protocol as Ozone Depletion Substance (ODS) are restricting the consumption of FCs and converting CFC and HCFC into HFC with zero ODS. However, there is much FCs which still have big environmental impact in operating equipment and HFCs which are not controlled under the protocol has major global warming potential (GWP). The consumption of FCs in Asia has rapidly increased. For example, the demand for air conditioners (AC) in Asia reached 58 million units in 2014. Thus the amount of FCs contained in AC is estimated to be more than 50 thousand tons. The amount could be approximately 100 billion tons-CO2 equivalent. Moreover, there are major differences between countries in regards to regulations for controlling the negative effects of FCs from WEEE. For the appropriate management of FCs, effective WEEE treatment system in which FCs are managed in environmentally sound manner as same as hazardous substance is necessary. According to our survey of FCs treatment, capacity in Southeast Asia is estimated less than 5% of annual consumption and the officially reported amount of destruction of FCs are less than 10t per year. Because of high climate impact, the process of recovery and destruction of FCs should be introduced as early as possible when WEEE treatment systems are going to be introduced with all possible means. For this, international cooperation and relevant technology are essential.
Biography:
Mohamed Ameur Arfaoui is a PhD student in Mechanical Engineering at École de Technologie Supérieure of Montreal (Canada). He is carrying out his research project at CTT Group (Canada). He received a Master’s degree’s in Industrial Engineering from the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Indutries Textiles and the Université de Lille (France). He also holds a Bachelor’s in Textile Materials Engineering from the École Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Monastir (Tunisia). He specializes in the surface treatment of textile fibres and biocomposites.
Abstract:
A large quantity of jute fibres is used each year, for example as packaging bags for cotton and coffee or as a building material. These fibres can be recycled after use and given a second life in order to divert them from landfill. However, their performance may be reduced compared to virgin jute. In particular, they may become more sensitive to moisture. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a hydrophobic treatment for recycled jute fibres. A non-woven composed of 85% of recycled jute fibres and 15% of sheath/core bicomponent fibres was manufactured by carding/needling and thermally bonded using a calendar. The jute nonwoven was then coated with a dip-pad-dry method using different solutions of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles developed by a sol-gel process. It was followed by a treatment by different concentrations of stearic acid, a typical fatty acid. The untreated samples had a water drop retention time of 31s. They became superhydrophilic after being treated with the TiO2 solutions. Upon treatment with more than 4 mM of stearic acid, the sample retention time exceeded 120 min, indicating an hydrophobic behavior. This study also showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles size, which increased with the ethanol concentration in the TiO2 solutions, did not seem to have an effect on the nonwoven hydrophobicity. In addition, no significant effect of the hydrophobic treatment on the thermal stability of the jute nonwovens was observed. This “green” hydrophobic treatment opens large opportunities for technical applications of recycled jute fibres.
Isabel F F Neto
Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Title: Recycling of copper and Aluminium with high purity from end life printed circuit boards
Biography:
Isabel F F Neto has completed her graduation in Biochemistry at the University of Porto and her Master’s in Food Technology and Safety at the University Nova de Lisboa. She is at present in the 4th year of PhD studies in Environmental Engineering at Porto University. She has been developing green processes to recovery valuable metals from electronic wastes. She has published 4 papers in reputed journals and presented 3 oral communications.
Abstract:
The large percentage of Cu present in printed circuit boards (PCBs) residues, usually about ten times more than the Cu amount present in rich-content minerals, makes these residues an attractive secondary source of Cu. The main aim of this work was to develop a simple and nearly-closed two-step process to recover Cu and Al from PCBs residues with high purity. Firstly, a multi-element leaching solution, containing 78 and 85% of the total amount of Cu and Al present in the residue, respectively, together with other metals, was obtained using acidic conditions (HNO3 2M for 210´at 50ºC). The leached solution was constituted by: 66% of Cu and 28% of Al and smaller amounts of Fe, Sn, Zn, Ni and Ag. In a second step, a bispicolylamine resin (Dowex M4195TM) was used to recover Cu with high selectivity. A flow rate of 0.17mL/min/g of resin was applied to allow maximizing Cu recovery (99.5% of Cu retained). Almost no Al, Fe, Sn and Zn were retained. H2SO4 4 mol/L was used as eluent and 96% of Cu was eluated. The use of DOWEXTM M4195 allowed concentrating the Cu in the final solution (from 18mM of Cu to 31mM of Cu) and enabled purifying Cu into a final Cu solution with high grade of purity (99.0%). Additionally, the amount of Al (85%), leached from the residue and present in the raffinate, was totally recovered as a solid of Al(OH)3 with 96% of purity.
S Maryam Sadeghi
Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Title: Zn recovery from spent alkaline batteries using an environmental friendly approach
Biography:
S Maryam Sadeghi has completed her Master’s from Mazandaran University of Islamic Republic of Iran and has worked for 20 months as a Researcher in Porto University. She is pursuing PhD in the field of Environmental Engineering from Porto University. She has published 4 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Consume of alkaline batteries in the world is increasing and the destination of spent batteries is a concern. Recycling metals from spent batteries could be interesting to decrease the amount of batteries sent to landfill or incineration and for the maintenance of mineral resources. The aim of this work was to recover Zn selectively from spent alkaline batteries using environmental-friendly techniques. Acid leaching was used to extract Zn from spent alkaline batteries. Conventional, microwave- and ultrasound-assisted leaching was tested. Assisted leaching techniques were applied in order to improve: less leaching time and concentration of acid, higher Zn extraction and a higher selectivity of Zn over Mn. Besides Zn, Mn is the major metal present in spent alkaline batteries. For conventional leaching, the best result was 90% of Zn extraction (H2SO4 1.5 mol/L, 3 h, 80ºC). The use of microwave- and ultrasound assisted leaching increased the extraction of Zn for 96% (1 cycle, 30 s, H2SO4 1 mol/L) and 92% (2 min, 0.1p 20% amplitude, H2SO4 1 mol/L), respectively. Assisted leaching techniques allowed recovering a high amount of Zn with a smaller concentration of acid (H2SO4 1 mol/L versus 1.5 mol/L) and much less time (30s and 2 min for microwave and ultrasound versus 3h) than used in conventional leaching. Both approaches showed to be interesting due to the high Zn removal, the low acid concentration needed and the short duration process. However, ultrasounds had better selectivity, resulting in a Zn solution with higher purity grade (83.3%).
Alina Gimp
Southern Federal University, Russia
Title: New method for extraction of benzo[a]pyrene from industrial polluted soil
Biography:
Alina Gimp joined Southern Federal University in 2012. From the first course, she is engaged in research work on studying of accumulation and transformation of organic pollutants in soils and plants. Since 2013, she is a member of the All-Russian Society of Soil Scientists of V V Dokuchayev. In 2014, she is accepted to a position of the laboratory Research Assistant of Department of Soil Science and an assessment of land resources. She has the practical skills of working in field conditions received in expeditions and in the period of field summer as a Practician by methods of sampling of soils, fertilizers, production of plant growing. She is able to use modern field and laboratory equipment. In 2016, she graduated from the university with Bachelor’s degree, and she plans to continue with Master's degree in Academy of Biology and Biotechnology of SFEDU.
Abstract:
The most significant cancer-causing and mutagenic contaminants group of the environment compounds are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The main marker of soil pollution by PAHs is benzo[a]pyrene. Knowledge of soil contamination with benzo[a]pyrene is needed to minimize the risk of human exposure and environmental contamination. The benzo[a]pyrene content in all environmental matrices and food is under obligatory regulations world-wide. The new method for extraction of benzo[a]pyrene – priority industrial pollutant from industrial polluted soil by subcritical water extraction method from soils is the purpose of the research. Studies were conducted on the soils of monitoring plots subjected to Novocherkassk Power Station (NPS) emissions. Monitoring plots were established at different distances from the NPS (1.0–20.0 km). It was shown that the use of water in subcritical state as a solvent for benzo[a]pyrene extraction from soil allows to avoid large volumes of organic solvents and to decrease the time of sample preparation. The method of benzo[a]pyrene subcritical water extraction from soil was developed and approbated during long-term monitoring researches of technogenic polluted territories. The optimum conditions for benzo[a]pyrene extraction from soil have been determined: The soil is treated by subcritical water at 250ºC and 100 atm of pressure for 30 min. Trends in the accumulation of benzo[a]pyrene in soil zones of the thermal power plant influence have been researched over a 4-year period of monitoring observations by subcritical water extraction method. Benzo[a]pyrene accumulation in soils depends on the technogenic emissions to the atmosphere from Novocherkassk Power Station and on the soil physical and chemical properties.
Hülya Ucar Sokoli
Aalborg University Esbjerg, Denmark
Title: Closing the life cycle of waste fiber reinforced polymer composites by converting it into valuable products
Biography:
Hülya Ucar Sokoli is pursuing her PhD from Aalborg University Esbjerg. She is part of a 2.7 mill Euro Innovation Consortioum (GENVIND), who’s goal is to develop technologies for sustaniable recycling of polymer composites. She is working on chemical degradation of FRP composite waste and is currently the only PhD in Denmark working on this topic.
Abstract:
Polymer composites reinforced with fibers (FRP) are used in almost every type of advanced engineering structure, such as in industrial applications, automobiles, aeronautics, constructions, sports etc. According to the Composite Market Report, the usage of FRP composites exceeded 8.8 million tons in 2014 and continues to grow with a very fast rate. However, despite the successful applications of FRP composites, recycling at the end of the life cycle is associated with major difficulties, due to the cross-linked nature of the thermoset polymer. Therefore, the majority of the FRP composites are currently land-filled or incinerated. These abolition methods are not sustainable in the long term and lead to negative impact on the environment. Chermical degradation of FRP composite waste has shown very promising results. With temperatures in the range of 260-325°C and pressures down to 50 bar, it has been possible to convert the waste into usable end products. This includes: Recovery of expensive monomers with high purity, which can be used to produce new polymers, conversion of the polymer into a potential fuel with high calorific value and recovery of fibers with retained mechanical properties. With these results, the FRP composite end of life cycle can be closed in an environemental and economical beneficial way. Furthermore, some of these achievements have not been attained previously, providing important knowledge in the field of composite recycling.
Atakan Tantekin
Adana Science and Technology University, Turkey
Title: Performance assessment of a biogas powered gas engine in a wastewater treatment plant
Biography:
Atakan Tantekin has completed his BS from Cukurova University and continues MS studies in the Adana Science and Technology University. He works as Research Assistant in the Adana Science Technology University, Mechanical Engineering department. His research areas are focused on the thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and the renewable energy technologies.
Abstract:
Energy production from the renewable energy sources is an emerging technology all over the World, especially in the last decades. Biogas production from recycling wastewater is a thriving option to meet the energy demand as well as to prevent environmental pollution. Due to the high content of methane in the biogas, the biogas has a high heating capacity as fuels. This study demonstrates an energy analysis of a gas engine powered by biogas in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), located in Turkey. In order to investigate the effect of the biogas on the system performance, the energy efficiency and energy destruction rate for the gas engine are analyzed in the WWTP. The analysis show that the irreversibility occurs in the gas engine is calculated as 2235.66 kW. The second law efficiency of the gas engine is found as 63.12%. As a result, in order to obtain more efficient energy production process, the significant amount of irreversibility occurred in the gas engine must be taken into consideration.
Aijuka Nicholas
Makerere University Kampala, Uganda
Title: The deficiency of solid waste management in Kawempe vicinity
Biography:
Aijuka Nicholas is a third year student pursuing Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering at Makerere University in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. He has participated in the 22nd Africa Oil Week in Cape Town, South Africa under the young professional, an event organized by global pacific and partners. He has been an advocate for research in such public health related spheres by helping students who has served to get sponsorship for the findings in research to be published in journals. He is currently working tirelessly on the solid waste management in the Kampala capital city and looking for sponsors to publish his work.
Abstract:
Solid waste management is a very severe deficiency in Kawempe division in Kampala capital city. Most of the parishes in Kawempe division have an unauthorized class of landfills for solid waste disposal. Quite often these landfills are known as garbage pits. These open garbage pits have consequently increased the risks to human health of the people around them because of the exposure of rotting materials, hazardous objects and germs from human excreta such as urine poured in those pits. This has greatly been attributed to by poor policy implementation and weak law enforcers of the existing public health policies to address the deficiency. The division plan for solid waste management has for over time been underperforming due to failure of incorporating the environmental management into the comprehensive development plan of the division, inadequate revenues and adamancy of the general public to be participatory in the campaign for proper solid waste management. Kawempe has an expanded spatial scale with rapid growing economy and population. Informal sector with incoherent activities has increased solid waste without appropriate management. Limited technological alternatives to recycle and onsite treatment are all critically deficient. Therefore for proper solid waste management to be achieved, there is a need to have increased budget for solid waste management as it is in other policy avenues, public participation and strict laws on those that don’t adhere to guidelines. This research has been conducted in Kawempe division to scrutinize and analyze solid waste management procedures, public health policies that have been put in place within the division and its parishes, actions and recommendations made on this that include; Upgrading existing service stations, implementation of strict public health laws, Procurement of materials vital in the collection of garbage with trucks that have GPS tracking systems operationalization of an engineered sanitary landfill in Mpererwe managed by private contractor, increased number of litter bins distributed all over the area to ease the process of solid waste collection. For the objectives’ attainment of this report, features of the waste, rate at which waste is generated, methodology of waste collection, disposal points and roles played by various stakeholders at all management levels were expeditiously researched about and analyzed.