Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Jonathan W C Wong
Hong Kong Baptist University, China
Keynote: Decentralized composting for food waste management
Time : 09:00:09:25
Biography:
Jonathan W C Wong is currently a Professor in the Department of Biology at the Hong Kong Baptist University and the Directors of Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for the Pearl River Delta Environment (ARCPE) and Hong Kong Organic Resource Centre. He received his BSc (Hons.) and MPhilfrom the Chinese University of Hong Kong and his PhD in environmental science from Murdoch University, Western Australia. His major research areas include anaerobic digestion and composting of organic wastes for energy and biomass production and waste separation and recycling. He has a cumulative funding of over HK$70 million and published over 350 papers in journals and conference proceedings. He was awarded the Medal of Honor (MH) and Justice of Peace (JP) by the Hong Kong Government for his valuable contribution to the promotion of environmental protection and to the wellbeing of the public.
Abstract:
Nearly one third representing about 1.3 billion tons/year of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally and is mostly landfilled. This landfilled waste emits greenhouse gases, produces contaminated leachate and uses valuable land. Therefore, diverting the food waste for biological treatment such as composting would reduce the environmental impact and produce value added product. However, collecting the food waste from domestic sector is a challenge when the centralized-composting is targeted. In contrast, small-scale decentralized composting at the community level is a viable option to obtain the organic wastes of good quality suitable for composting. Food wastes are ideal substrates for composting as they can produce good quality compost due to the very little concern of contaminants. However, the composting process of food wastes is a bit complex than other organic wastes due to the generation of organic acids during the rapid degradation of easily available organic matter. Accumulation of organic acids acidifies the composting mass and cause failure and emission of acidic odour. In addition, significant quantities of protein and fat contents also create odour and operational problems, respectively. Addition of alkaline compounds are generally practiced to control the pH however, this practice results in ammonia emission and nitrogen loss from the composter resulting in the production of compost with low nutrient content affecting its marketing value. Emission of odour reduces the acceptance of composting as the treatment technology in urban settings. Another critical issue of these composters is that the fed-batch mode of feeding and the mixing affects the retention of composting mass in the reactor for sufficient period time that leads to production of immature compost requiring further curing. Therefore controlling the acidity and odour, reducing the nutrient loss and achieving a stable operation are the keys for the successful decentralized composting. Addition of lime at 2-4% is effective to neutralize the acids generated during food waste composting but the nitrogen loss was about 44% of the total nitrogen. Alternatively, addition of zeolite at 5-10% showed a similar effect and also reduced the nitrogen loss by 34% compared with lime. In addition, zeolite accelerated the composting reduced the salinity and odour. During the entire operation, the odour intensity was <2 D/T. Use of effective oil degrading bacterial consortium effectively improved the physical structure of the composting mass in the reactor that promoted rapid composting. Mature composts could be obtained within 4 weeks with the bacterial inoculation and alkaline addition. Furthermore, addition of inorganic salts to induce struvite formation was shown to reduce the nitrogen loss but controlling the salinity is the challenge. Thus, an integrated approach of inoculating effective microorganisms to breakdown the oil/lipid and alleviating the acidity and odour through alkaline/struvite agents is an effective approach. However, a balance must be maintained to achieve the desired results. This presentation will share the approaches to overcome the challenges and the success achieved with the community-level food waste composters.
Keynote Forum
Takashi Nakamura
Tohoku University, Japan
Keynote: Urban mining development of critical metals from WEEE
Time : 09:25-09:50
Biography:
Takashi Nakamura completed his MA Sc in Metallurgy from Kyushu University, Japan in 1974, PhD in Metallurgy in 1979 from the same university. He became Lecturer in Kyushu Institute of Technology (1977), Associate Professor (1981) and Professor (1991). In 1998, he was appointed as a Professor at Institute for Advanced Materials Processing, Tohoku University and from 2001 to till date he is a Professor at Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University.
Abstract:
Word of “Urban mining” is one of important message to achieve a sustainable development in future.If any recovery system is not taken into consideration, critical metals will dissipate all over the land in the future. In the case of WEEE, however when Cu, Au and Ag are collected for recycling, rare metals can also begathered with them. If critical metals are separated from WEEE by proper technique and are accumulated for reservation, we can consider them as resources. A possibility of critical metals recycling was shown in this presentation that could have a self-supporting economical system by devising the collection system and by changing the recycling system related with a commercial transaction.WEEE are dismantled and crushed to various parts in first step after collecting. There are many methods for dismantling such as hand-picking and for crushing such as shredding. Sorting techniques are applied to separate each material for example iron & steels, non-ferrous alloys including aluminum and copper and plastics. These sorting techniques are not only real sorting processes but include gravity separation, magnetic separation and so on which are mainly used for processing of old minerals. Also in the case of metallurgical production with its intrinsic potential of smelting, extraction, enrichment and separation methods, related technology and process flow sheets each with their own selectivity and yield play an important role in the context of minor rare metals.
- track1
- track2
- track3
- Track 1:Recycling BasicsTrack 5:E- Waste Recycling and management
Location: EBRE
Chair
Jorge Castilla Gomez
Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Co-Chair
Arvind Jayant
Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, India
Session Introduction
Anna Chrobok
Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Title: Recoverable and recyclable catalysts for sustainable chemical processes
Time : 11:10-11:35
Biography:
Anna Chrobok, Dsc has completed her PhD in 2001 from Silesian University of Technology. In 2002 she was taking the Postdoctoral fellowship at University of Vienna. Now, she is Associate Professor and the Head of Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry at Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry (Gliwice, Poland). She has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals. Her main fields of interest are: chemical technology, green chemistry, oxidation processes and ionic liquids.
Abstract:
There is continued pressure on chemical and pharmaceutical industries to reduce chemical waste and improve the selectivity and efficiency of synthetic processes. The need to implement green chemistry principles is a driving force towards the development of recoverable and recyclable catalysts. A typical chemical process generates products and wastes from raw materials such as substrates, solvents and reagents. The prevention of waste can be achieved if most of the reagents and the solvent are recyclable. The design and synthesis of recoverable catalysts is a highly challenging interdisciplinary field combining chemistry, materials science engineering with economic and environmental objectives. Recyclability can either be achieved when the catalyst is bound to a solid phase, or when its solubility characteristics are modified so that it can readily be separated from the product by extraction during work-up. For example, catalysts and reagents such as acids and bases that are bound to a solid phase can be filtered off, and can be regenerated and reused in a subsequent run. Case studies concerning the recoverable and recyclable catalysts for chemical processes like oxidation of alcohols and ketones, alkylation of aromatic compounds and Diels-Alder reaction will be presented. The main emphasis will be placed on the application of ionic liquids as both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Recycling of ionic liquids prevents them from ending up in the aquatic environment, as their low volatility prevents them from release into the atmosphere. Additionally the possibility of designing of recyclable biocatalysts will be demonstrating.
Cyril Aymonier
Chemistry Institute of Condensed Matter of Bordeaux (ICMCB-CNRS), France
Title: Supercritical fluids based technologies for recycling
Time : 11:35-12:00
Biography:
Cyril Aymonier is currently CNRS researcher at the “Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB)” and head of the ‘Supercritical Fluids’ department (25 people). He has co-authored 90 refereed articles, 6 book chapters, 14 patents and has given 29 invited lectures. He was awarded by the CNRS bronze medal 2011 for his scientific achievements. His current research interest concerns the study of chemistry in supercritical fluids and the associated processes for the controlled design of high quality nanostructures and materials recycling.
Abstract:
Supercritical fluids have been investigated for more than 20 years for chemical reactions and processes. Especially, water above its critical point (Tc = 374°C, pc = 22.1 MPa, ρc = 0.322 g.cm-3) exhibits remarkable tunable properties and has been at the origin of major developments in the field of environment: supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) for wastewater treatment and supercritical water hydrolysis (SCWH) for biomass conversion and recycling. After a brief introduction to supercritical fluids (specific properties and industrial development), we will present two major aspects of materials’ recycling using supercritical water: recycling of plastics and composite materials. Chemical recycling of plastics using supercritical fluids has been developed extensively in Japan since 1995 with the depolymerization of condensation polymers into their monomers. The example of PolyEthylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles recycling is significant in term of quantity but also of development of supercritical fluid based recycling technologies. Beyond plastics recycling, in the last five years, hydrolysis in near and supercritical fluids of thermosetting resins (phenol and epoxy resins) has attracted a great interest among the scientific community to recover materials like carbon fibers, with a high added value, without degrading the fibers mechanical properties.We will show that hydrolysis reaction can be completed with alcoholysis reaction using near and supercritical alcohols. Other applications of this technology are under investigation as the recycling of non-metallic fractions from printed circuit boards’wastes, of food packagingor still the recovery of silicon from silicon sludge.
Jorge Castilla Gómez
Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Title: Urban mining: The way to reach a real sustainability
Time : 12:00-12:25
Biography:
Jorge Castilla Gómez has completed his PhD in Mining Engineering from Technical University of Madrid. Currently he is a lecturer, researcher and consultant in the Department of Geological and Mining Engineering. His research field is focused in environmental impacts of mining operations and also he has experience in construction and demolition waste recycling, when he worked in a demolition company. Furthermore he has developed his career working for the International Technical Services Department in an International Mining Supplies Company.
Abstract:
Nowadays mining projects are focused on the implementation of techniques and methods which minimize the impact on environment, ensuring that the mining production has to fill the society needs. Because of that, mining projects are being modified to fit with sustainable development requirements. The problem is that, strictly speaking, “classical” mining never could reach the sustainability, basically because of mineral deposits are limited, and it is impossible to ensure the same production ratio for future generations. That means the depleted mineral deposits could not be mined again.The alignment of the mining projects to maintain a high rate of exploitation with the need to maintain a high degree of environmental protection makes necessary to promote the exploration of “alternative deposits”.Thus, the development of secondary resources, coming from the recycling of manufactured products is discovering new applications which are becoming profitable. There are daily products, mainly electric and electronic devices, which contain high metal concentration based on complex mixtures. The metal content of these products could be big enough to consider the end of life of these elements as a raw material to be used in the manufacturing process of new ones. The use of those secondary mineral deposits is known as “Urban Mining”. Urban mining could be considered as the way to take out profitable metals from a certain device. Metals considered as a target for that are: gold, silver, platinum and copper, also electronic devices, such as mobile phones, have considerable rare earths content. The challenge which urban mining has is that there are no methods to recycle the most part of valuable metal content. Overcoming these challenges make it possible to achieve the scope of global sustainability in mining.
Ana de Guzmán Báez
Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Title: Gypsum to Gypsum (GtoG): The European life project that aims to transform the gypsum waste market
Time : 13:10-13:35
Biography:
Ana de Guzmán is an architect and holds a master degree in Bioclimatic Architecture and Environment as well as a master degree in Techniques and Systems in Buildings. Since 2009, she is member of the research group Sustainability in Construction and Industry from the Technical University of Madrid (giSCI-UPM). She has participated in the definition and development of several RTD projects and she is currently working on her PhD Thesis, within the topic Construction and Demolition Waste Management and Recycling
Abstract:
The GtoG project is working for creating a recycling culture of gypsum products, changing the way this waste is usually treated in construction, renovation and demolition works, with the aim of achieving higher gypsum recycling rates in Europe and promoting selective deconstruction practices. For this purpose, five demolition companies, one demolition consultant, two gypsum waste processors, five plasterboard manufacturers and three academic partners, leaded by Euro gypsum (the European association of plaster and plasterboard manufacturers), are working together in this large consortium with representation in 7 European countries. A preliminary study on current practices was completed in 2013 and in 2014 the demonstration activities on deconstruction, processing of gypsum waste and reincorporation of recycled gypsum were conducted. During 2015 different results will be delivered, such as a European Handbook of best practices for controlled deconstruction of gypsum systems and the carbon footprint assessment comparing the recycling route versus land filling. The final results will include a report on best practices and the roadmap for the future implementation of a sustainable value chain
Hojae Shim
University of Macau, China
Title: Cost reduction for biodiesel production from distillery/domestic mixed wastewater by Rhodosporidium toruloide
Time : 13:35-14:00
Biography:
Hojae Shim is currently working as an Associate Professor in department of Civil Engineering at University of Macau, China. He completed his PhD in Environmental Science Engineering, Ohio State University, USA. His research interests includes Environmental Biotechnology, Biological Wastewater Treatment and Effluent Reuse, Biogas/Biodiesel Production from Waste/Wastewater, Bioremediation of Contaminated Environments, Bio filtration and Biodegradation/Biotransformation
Abstract:
Many studies have been focusing on the production of microbial lipid to generate biodiesel from sterile wastewater while removing part of organic matters. Our previous study showed that lipids could be produced from non-sterile distillery wastewater using the increased initial cell density of oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides while generating lots of spent seed culture medium. This study explores the reuse potential of spent seed culture medium while saving resource and cost. When the medium was used for the 2nd and 3rd times without addition of extra nutrient, the biomass produced was around 3.17 and 2.65 g/L respectively. The cells produced in the 2nd time reused medium without extra nutrient showed similar performance to the fresh mediumin lipid production (biomass 7.42±0.31 g/L, lipid yield 2.74±0.42 g/L and lipid content 36.90±4.36%) and removal efficiencies for organics and nutrients (chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal of 86.47±1.40%, 50.73±6.15% and 74.36±3.39% respectively) in non-sterile distillery and domestic mixed wastewater (1:1, v/v) after two-day cultivation. Around 30% reduction in the material cost for the medium preparation could be achieved by the spent medium reuse
Renata Alves de Toledo
University of Macau, China
Title: Enhanced removal of BTEX/TCE/cis-DCE mixture using waste scrap tires immobilized with indigenous Pseudomonas sp.
Time : 14:00-14:25
Biography:
Renata Alves de Toledo completed her PhD degree in Analytical Chemistry from University of São Paulo (IQSC- USP, Brazil) in 2006. She worked as a Postdoctoral fellow at the Brazilian Organization for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA, São Carlos, Brazil) until 2008. Currently, she is a Postdoctoral fellow in environmental area at University of Macau, Faculty of Science and Technology. She has been involved in research projects on bioremediation of volatile organic compounds and on biodiesel production from yeast and microalga while treating food industrial wastewater
Abstract:
The simultaneous aerobic removal of a mixture of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, o,m,p-xylene), cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) from the artificially contaminated water using an indigenous bacterial isolate identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida immobilized on waste scrap tires was investigated. Suspended and immobilized conditions were compared for the enhanced removal of these volatile organic compounds. For the immobilized system, toluene, benzene and ethylbenzene were completely removed while the highest removal efficiencies of 99.0±0.1%, 96.8±0.3%, 73.6±2.5%, and 61.6±0.9% were obtained for o-xylene,m,p-xylene, TCE and cis-DCE respectively. The sorption kinetics of contaminants toward tire surface was also evaluated and the sorption capacity generally followed the order of toluene> benzene> m,p-xylene> o-xylene> ethylbenzene> TCE> cis- DCE. Scrap tires showed a good capability for the simultaneous sorption and bioremoval of BTEX/cis-DCE/TCE mixture implying a promising waste material for the removal of contaminants mixture from industrial wastewater or contaminated groundwater
Janez Turk
Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Slovenia
Title: Tar-containing reclaimed asphalt–environmental assessments for two treatment scenarios (incineration versus recycling)
Time : 14:25-14:50
Biography:
Janez Turk has completed his PhD in year 2010 at University of Nova Gorica (Slovenia). He worked on different fields of environmental sciences. From the year 2012, he is employed at Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, where he made a specialization for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). One of his main interests is LCA studies with regard to recycling of construction and industrial wastes and management alternatives of different waste materials.
Abstract:
Life Cycle Assessment analysis was carried out in order to evaluate quantitatively the environmental burdens related to two possible treatment scenarios for tar-containing reclaimed asphalt pavements. About 4500 tons of this hazardous waste material was obtained during the reconstruction of the runwayat Ljubljana Airport. According to the first scenario, this material could be transported to a suitable incineration plant where the hazardous compounds would be decomposed. According to the second scenario, it could be treated as a recycled aggregate, and used for the production of lean concretefor different civil engineering applications, in which case 40 wt. % of the natural aggregates would be replaced by reclaimed asphalt. The hazardous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonswould be immobilised in the concrete. The results of LCA analysis showed that the incineration scenario has an especially significant impact on energy consumption, as well as on Abiotic Depletion Potential and Global Warming Potential. The reason for this can be found in the energy needs at the incineration plant for the maintenance of high combustion temperatures, since the net generation of energy is low during the incineration of low calorific reclaimed asphalt. In the case of the recycling scenario, the results of the study showed only a slight burden or even a benefit for all of the studied environmental indicators. This is a direct consequence of the reduced extraction and production of natural aggregate.
Frederik De Pesseroey
Business Consultant for Waste Management, Belgium
Title: Innovation in municipal waste collection systems
Time : 14:50-15:15
Biography:
Frederik De Pesseroey has 13 years of experience in the waste and recycling department of the city of Antwerp, Belgium. He approaches the topic from various angles, like policy, management and staffing. Between the several engineers and other technicians in the field, he stays alert for customer’s perspectives and the behavioural aspect of waste management. He's got a Master's degree in political and social sciences, hence his interest in this behavioural angle: raise awareness to achieve a clean city, measure the impact of different waste collection systems, survey on user experiences, develop methods to enhance the recycling rates, and so on. Since the beginning of this year, he started as a freelance business consultant for waste management
Abstract:
Did you know that the speed of innovation is linked to the total number of people living on the planet. If you look at history, the world population explosion is a recent phenomenon. Today, we are halfway the S-curve. The pace of innovation still accelerates, either in waste management. In the next 10 or 20 years, 3 billion new middle class consumers will arise. Linearity is dead, if you look at the (price) evolution of our resources. Innovations in resource management are hot. We see a lot of engineers focusing on closing the loops and the technical part of resource efficiency. Also in waste collection systems, we see a lot of innovations. It's not obvious that, in the 21th century, we still collect our waste as in the 19th century. Migration to the cities still continues. We are going to live with more people on the same space. The demand for housing rises. Private living area decreases. We have less space to manage waste at home. A spectrum of innovations in bring-your-waste systems emerge. Ten years ago, the main driver for companies to start with “self-service policy” solutions was efficiency (e.g. cost reduction). Today's consumers see self-service as the perfect solution for their demands. Also in waste collection systems, we see this shift from people service (door-to-door collection) to self-service (bring-your-waste systems). In door-to-door collection, we see less innovation, but they are still inspiring for thinly populated areas. And some of them, we can use in all areas. Consumer’s perspectives in waste management, is a big challenge for the industry.
Kyeong Woo Chung
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Korea
Title: Selective leaching of rare earth elements from NdFeB powders via alkaline treatment and thermal oxidation
Time : 15:15-15:40
Biography:
Kyeong Woo Chung has completed his PhD from Yonsei University and had worked for Hyundai Motors Group. He is the senior researcher of KIGAM. He has published many papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Journal of Korea Institute of Resource Recycling
Abstract:
In this study, a new approach for recovering Rare earth elements(REEs) from NdFeB scraps through the alkaline treatment and leaching was attempted. Alkaline treatment has been traditionally applied for the hydrometallurgical process of monazite ores to convert REEs phosphates to soluble REEs hydroxides. It can be performed at a relatively low temperature around 100oC and an ambient pressure without any special equipment. In addition, REEs hydroxides are easily and quickly dissolved in weakly acidic solution. Therefore, the present work applied alkaline treatment to the recycling process of NdFeB alloys and investigated not only the leaching behavior of the resultant powders but also the separation efficiency of REEs and iron.The alkaline treatment of NdFeB powders in NaOH and the oxidation roasting were performed and the leaching of the resultant powers was carried out in HCl solution. Using this method, high leaching yields of REEs of more than 90% are obtained while the leaching yield of iron is lower than 1%. Therefore, high selective leaching efficiency of more than 80 is obtained.
Arvind Jayant
Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, India
Title: Evaluation of EOL/used cell phones management & disposal alternatives: An ANP and balanced scorecard approach
Time : 16:00-16:25
Biography:
Arvind Jayant is presently working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Head, Department of Disabilities Studies, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Deemed University, Longowal, Punjab, India (Established by MHRD, Govt. of India). His research area expertise includes Supply Chain Management, Reverse Logistics & Simulation of Manufacturing System. He has published more than 100 research papers in International/national journals. He has completed three sponsored research projects of Rs. 10 Millions funded by MSJE, MHRD and CSIR. He is the members of different professional bodies like ISTE, ISME, IWS, IIE (USA), IACSIT (Singapore), IAEngg. (Hongkong). He had visited USA, Japan, England, Nepal and Singapore
Abstract:
Sustainable remanufacturing of mobile phones must meet the challenges of continuously falling prices for new phone models, short life cycles, disassembly of unfriendly designs and prohibiting transport, labor and machining costs in developing countries. One of the important problems faced by the top management in the mobile manufacturing/remanufacturing industries is the evaluation of various alternatives for end-of-life (EOL) mobile phones. EOL mobile phones should be managed carefully because of hazardous content especially in developing countries. The main objective of this study was to analyze the current status of used & end-of-life (EOL) management in Indian business environment, and to investigate the most appropriate EOL cell phone management and disposal option by using Analytic network process (ANP) based decision model. For this purpose, five different EOL cell phones management/disposal alternatives including Repair, Refurbishing & Reuse (RRR), Cannibalization, Remanufacturing & Reuse (CRR), Incineration with energy recovery for most of the elements & disposal to landfill for a few elements (INC), Recycling of complete mobile phone for material recovery (REC) and Disposal of Whole Product to Landfill (LND) were evaluated according to multi-criteria decision making technique ANP. In this context, benefits, costs and risks for the alternatives were taken into consideration. Data was collected and analyzed in order to quantify the environmental and economic outcomes of the current business environment. In the proposed model, uncertainties regarding quantity and conditions of mobile phones, reliability of capacities, processing times, and demand are considered. The few dimensions of reverse logistics for the EOL mobile phones have been taken from four perspectives derived from balanced scorecard approach, viz. finance, social, green business and internal operational perspective. The present approach links the financial and non-financial, tangible and intangible, internal and external factors, thus providing a holistic framework for the selection of an alternative for the reverse logistics operations for EOL cell phones. Many criteria, sub-criteria, determinants, etc. for the selection of reverse manufacturing options are interrelated. The ability of ANP to consider interdependencies among and between levels of decision attributes makes it an attractive multi-criteria decision-making tool. Thus, a combination of balanced scorecard and ANP-based approach proposed in this paper provides a more realistic and accurate representation of the problem for conducting reverse logistics operations for EOL cell phones.
Igharo O G
University of Benin & University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Title: Occupational exposure to E-Waste and risk of cancer development: Evidence from south-South Nigeria
Time : 16:25-16:50
Biography:
Igharo O G holds a bachelor’s degree in Medical Laboratory Science and a Master’s degree in Applied Biochemistry. He is Currently Pursuing a Doctorate degree in Chemical Pathology/Toxicology. He is a certified Medical Laboratory Scientist and a University Lecturer in Nigeria
Abstract:
Nigeria remains the destination for uncontrolled volume of electronic waste (e-waste) in Africa and to date; management practices for imported and locally generated e-waste remain completely primitive. It was recently documented that the majority (88.8%) of Nigerian e-waste workers (with exposure burden of ≥6 hours per day; ≥6 days per week) worked without personal protective devices regardless of the volume of toxic substances, some of which are known carcinogens, documented to be found in e-waste. In this pilot study, blood levels of key toxic metals [Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr)]; status of enzymatic and non- enzymatic biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels as cancer risk prediction indices were determined inNigerians occupationally exposed to e-waste (n=63) and in age-matched unexposed participants (n=41) in Benin City, South-South Nigeria. Whole blood levels of Pb, As, Cd and Cr were determined using standard electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry while Hg was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers [Malondialdehyde (MDA), Uric acid (UA), Albumin (ALB), Total bilirubin (TBil) and Conjugated bilirubin (Cbil)] and activities of enzymatic antioxidants [Glutathione reductase (Gr), Catalase (Cat), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were determined using standard colorimetric methods. Levels of PSA and AFP in serum were determined using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay. The results showed a significantly elevated body burden of toxic metals in e-waste workers compared with unexposed group. Lipid peroxidation biomarker (MDA and UA) levels were significantly raised in e-waste workers compared with unexposed group.In addition, CAT, SOD and GPx were significantly reduced in e-waste workers compared with unexposed group. Comparatively different observations were not registered in the activity of GR and levels of ALB, TBil and CBil between exposed and unexposed participants. PSA and AFP levels in e-waste workers were significantly elevated compared with the non-exposed group. In addition, 26% of e-waste workers compared with 11% of unexposed participants registered values higher than the reference range of PSA (0-4.0 ng/mL) used for healthy subjects. The findings in this study suggest that the elevated body burden of toxic metals and the significantly high oxidative stress in the e-waste exposed population may be an indication of occupational metal toxicity associated with crude e-waste management practices in Nigeria. The observed significantly high oxidative may be a predictive mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis in Nigerian e-waste workers and the elevated cancer risk biomarkers (PSA and AFP) in the e-waste workers may be associated with occupational exposure to known carcinogens in e-waste.
Kyoungphile Nam
Seoul National University, South Korea
Title: Assessment of ecological impact of blast oxygen furnace slag used as a fill material on the surrounding environments
Time : 16:50-17:15
Biography:
Kyoungphile Nam has completed his PhD from Cornell University in 1998. Currently, he is Professor at Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea and he also serves as the Director of Remediation Technology and Risk Assessment Center. His major research fields are soil and groundwater remediation and risk assessment. He has published more than 60 papers in peer-reviewed journals and has been serving as an Editor for Clean-Soil Air Water since 2006
Abstract:
Steel slag generated from basic oxygen furnace (BOF) can be successfully used as construction aggregates especially for a fill material. BOF slag contains, to some extents, heavy metals originating from iron-bearing mother rocks and fluoride from calcium fluoride (CaF2). The inorganics can be present as either environmentally resistant or readily desorbing forms and such easily released heavy metals and fluoride can pose adverse impacts on the surrounding ecosystems (i.e., soil and surface water). In this study, leaching potential of inorganics from BOF slag and ferro-nickel slag were tested. Batch type leaching tests including USEAP methods (TCLP and SPLP) and an EU method (EN 12457) were conducted to determine the intrinsic leaching potential. Continuous column test was also performed to predict the long-term leaching behavior of heavy metals and fluoride. Leaching rates of heavy metals and fluoride depending on liquid-to-solid ratios were derived from the BOF-packed column and percolation-controlled scenario was employed to predict the release behaviors for 100 years. For ecological impact analysis, Hazardous Concentration (HC) 5 values for each element were obtained by establishing species sensitivity distribution curves which was considered as Predicted-No-Effective-Concentrations (PNECs). The predicted concentrations obtained from this study were used as Predicted-Effective-Concentrations (PECs) and the ratio of PEC to PNEC was used for the determining index of potential ecological risk. In addition, the impact of BOF slag leachate on soil environment was assessed by analyzing the structure of microbial community, plant germination test and earthworm toxicity test
- Track 6: Waste water recycling
Track 9: Environmental impact of Recycling
Track 10: Agriculture waste recycling
Location: EBRE
Chair
M A Martin-Luengo
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain
Co-Chair
Muscolo Adele
Mediterranea University, Italy
Session Introduction
Alejandro RodrÃguez
University of Córdoba, Spain
Title: Integral utilization of lignocellulosic materials; residues of the agriculture and agri-food industry
Time : 09:30-09:55
Biography:
Alejandro Rodríguez has completed his PhD from University of Córdoba, Spain, and started to work as lecturer in University Pablo of Olavide, Spain. He worked as “Ramón y Cajal” researcher from 2007 to 2011. He is a lecturer in the Chemical Engineering Department in the University of Córdoba, Spain, from December 2011. His scholarly activity should be resumed as follow: books 1, book chapters 3, Journal Articles >80, proceedings & abstracts >50, invited talks 1 and supervisory roles (including present personnel): 9 PhD Students. He has also been serving as an Editorial Board Member of several journals.
Abstract:
Sustainable development is a concept that is gaining more and more importance in our society, putting into practice in all social aspects included in industrial production. One of the pillars of sustainable development is the sustainable economy, which relies on integral utilization of natural resources. To achieve this goal it is necessary to get the valorisation of by-products or waste produced in agricultural or agro-industrial activities. Industrial activity has always relied on producing products that meet the needs of customers within a market, but in recent years the environmental component has been incorporated into production since more and more society is aware and convinced of the necessity to consume products that have been obtained with environmentally friendly processes. The processes involved in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass as raw material and leading to various products, are included in a scheme similar to the traditional refinery, under the heading of "biorefinery". In these processes, through different operations (physical, chemical and/or biological), biomass is transformed into a wide range of high value-added products. The integrated process includes the valuation of carbohydrates, lignin and other products that must be transformed into fuels and chemicals. These sequences must be optimized to avoid wastes and processes that involve a minimum ideally energy and environmental impact must be used.
Muscolo Adele
Mediterranea University, Italy
Title: Using agriculture waste and/or sulfur obtained from the residues of the desulfurization of natural gas and oil as fertilizer for productive purposes
Time : 09:55-10:20
Biography:
Muscolo Adele graduated in Biological Sciences (MSc), and has completed her PhD in Food Science at the age of 26 years at the Policlinic Federico II University of Naples, Italy. In 1988 she started her professional carrier as Researcher at Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria where she is still working as Professor. Since 1990 she is Reviewer for Scientific International Journals and since 2008 she is Evaluator of national and international projects for European Community and Funding Research Agencies. She is Examiner of international PhD dissertation. She published more than 170 papers in international journals with IF and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of many international journals. Additionally she is Associate Editor for JFR
Abstract:
In the ongoing work, to avoid harmful effects of sulfur and agriculture waste to soil ecosystem and crops, we identified and assessed environmentally sound technologies for converting harmful wastes (agricultural and inorganic) in resources. We used polluting recalcitrant agricultural wastes (olive wastes and citrus pulps) and inorganic sulfur obtained from the residues of the desulfurization of natural gas and oil as fertilizer for a sustainable recovery of soils, eco-friendly agriculture while reducing sulfur gas emission in the atmosphere. For this reason, sulfur insoluble in its elemental form was alloyed with bentonite clay and or citrus pulp and or olive waste to be slowly released in soil where bacteria transform it in sulfate-sulfur, the chemical form soluble in soil and easily up-taken by plants. The results showed that after a seasonal vegetation cycle, sulfur bentonite is able to lower the pH of alkaline soils and to increase the growth of onions and beans compared to control. When sulfur bentonite was linked to olive waste or orange pulp, we observed an increase also in soil organic matter content and in MBC. The best result on soil was obtained by using a mix of sulfur bentonite plus orange pulp. Regarding crop productivity, onions grew better with sulfur bentonite plus orange pulp than sulfur bentonite or sulfur bentonite plus olive wastes. In contrast bean grew better with sulfur bentonite plus olive wastes. The data showed specificity between species and type of fertilizer obtained
Nahla A El-Wakil
National Research Centre, Egypt
Title: Comparative study of enzymatic and chemical denaturation of wheat gluten and their cellulosic nanocomposites
Time : 10:20-10:45
Biography:
Nahla A El-Wakil has completed her PhD at the age of 33 years from chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University and Postdoctoral studies from National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. She has published 27 papers in reputed journals and has been Principle Investigator and Member Investigator of many projects.
Abstract:
Nano celluloses derived from agricultural wastes have promises to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of nano composites that can be further improved by addition of inorganic filler which impart antimicrobial activity beside enhanced mechanical properties to the nano composites. In this work, enzymatic denaturation of wheat gluten was performed using Alcalase enzyme to improve the solubility and processibility of wheat gluten. The variables used in this step are enzyme dose (0.5, 1, 2%) based on wheat gluten and time (2, 4, 6, 8, 24 hours). No significant difference in protein solubility was observed under these conditions, so 0.5% enzyme dose was used for the preparation of the studied films. The denatured wheat gluten was filled with nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC) and TiO2. The resultant films were tested in terms of tensile strength and contact angle measurements. Also, the morphology of the tested films was studied. The mechanical testing showed relatively low results when compared to chemically denatured films. Water resistance of the nano composites expressed in contact angle measurements as a non-destructive method was deteriorated.
Hyeun-Jong Bae
Chonnam National University, South Korea
Title: Onion waste recycling to produce the value added by-products
Time : 11:05-11:30
Biography:
Hyeun-Jong Bae has completed his PhD in 2002 at Universite Laval in Canada. He is currently the Director of Bioenergy Research Center at Chonnam National University. His major research areas include lingo-cellulosic bio-energy and value added material production from biomass and agricultural waste by enzymatic bioprocess
Abstract:
Onion wastes (OW) which is produced from industrially processed onions is one of major agriculture waste materials. We evaluated the use of OW to produce a value added by-products such as bio-sugars and quercetin. The carbohydrate content of OW was analyzed and the optimal conversion conditions were evaluated by enzymatic process using varying enzyme mixtures for bio-sugar production and quercetin extraction. The optimized enzymatic bioconversion rate of OW to bio-sugar was over 95% with cellulase, xylanase, peictinase combined mixtures. Quercetin extraction was carried out after enzymatic hydrolysis. The newly developed nano-matrix (terpyridine immobilized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles-zinc (TSMNP-Zn matrix) was utilized to separate quercetin from OSW extracts. The nano-matrix facilitated easy separation and purification of quercetin
Isabel MartÃn
Foundation Center for New Water Technologies (CENTA), Spain
Title: Sustainable water reuse. The case of rural areas and small settlements
Time : 11:30-11:55
Biography:
Isabel Martín is working on the field of water resources since 1996. In 2002, she joined up to CENTA team, working in the field of wastewater treatment and reuse, mainly focusing of wastewater treatment and reuse by using non-conventional technologies. She is participating projects concerning to reusing treated waters for groundwater recharge, forestry for energy and crops for biodiesel production. She has participated in numerous R&D actions at international level (FP6, FP7, SUDOE, POCTEFEX, LIFE). She has authored many publications and participated as a lecturer in national and international events. She is member of the Spanish National Group for ISO/PC282 guidelines on wastewater reuse.
Abstract:
The manifold pressures of climate change, population growth, the changing demands on energy, the growth in demand for high quality water in urban and agricultural areas and the unequal distribution of water resources are putting unprecedented and increasing pressure on finite freshwater resources. It is expected that in 2025, 1,800 million people living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity and two thirds of the world population could do so under conditions of water stress. The use of treated wastewater, especially in applications that are not required to meet drinking water quality, is widely recognized as a proven solution for water scarcity, an alternative recourse from both a drought and environmental protection viewpoint. As a result, water reclamation and reuse is being incorporated into sustainable development, climate change adaptation and Integrated Water Resources Management strategies. To achieve sustainability with small-scale applications, low cost and simple operational wastewater treatment is essential. This increasingly demands the use of so-called ‘non-conventional’ or ‘low-cost’ wastewater treatment technologies, due in great part to the potential for debugging in these areas. Likewise, in the context of wastewater reuse, the use of low-cost water reclamation technologies is also necessary. The Foundation CENTA has been working for over 20 years on sustainable technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse in small communities and areas with low income. Proof of this are the many projects carried out both in Spain and in many countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. These projects, as well as lessons learned and some recommendations will be presented at the Recycling Expo 2015.
Hitoshi Kunoh
Okayama University, Japan
Title: Novel functional materials created by mimicking Fe-oxidizing bacterium involved formation processes of iron oxides complex
Time : 11:55-12:20
Biography:
Hitoshi Kunoh received PhD from Southern Illinois University in 1970 and Post doctorate in Agriculture from Kyoto University in 1972. He joined Mie University as Assistant Professor in 1970 and was promoted to Professor in 1988. He has published more than 300 papers concerning plant pathology and microbiology in reputed journals. He served as Dean of Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University and as President and Editor-in-chief of the Japanese Society of Plant Pathology. Since 2009 he has worked as a Guest Professor for the government-granted project, “Toward Creating Innovative Applications to Harness the Novel Functions of Nano-scaled Iron Oxides of Microbial Origin”
Abstract:
“Iron-oxidizing bacteria”, the genus Leptothrix or Gallionella, produce extracellular, uniquely-shaped microsheaths or fibrous bundles mainly composed of Fe oxides [named “BiogenousIron OXides (BIOX)”] ubiquitously in natural hydrosphere where groundwater outwells. Our microscopic and spectroscopic studies proved that BIOX was an ingenious hybrid of organic and inorganic materials produced through the interaction of bacterial exopolymers with aqueous-phase inorganics such as Fe, Si, P and often Ca. Intriguingly, BIOX was discovered to have a variety of the industrial functions: Lithium-ion battery anode material, catalyst enhancer, plant protectant and porcelain pigment. We have aimed to establish technology to create the novel functional materials for industrial application by mimicking the biogenic processes of BIOX formation. To date we succeeded to manipulate the texture and chemical components of the sheath-type BIOX by altering components of the culture medium for an isolated strain of Leptothrix sp. OUMS1 leading to creation of Si-rich Fe oxides complexes with diverse crystallinity, create Al-rich BIOX by culturing OUMS1 in media containing varied amounts of Al and create nano-scaled architectural acidic silica by heating naturally produced BIOX in a hydrogen gas flow followed by HCl treatment to remove Fe particles. Some of these novel materials were discovered to have great industrial potentials beyond artificially synthesized Fe oxides and naturally produced BIOX. We place our expectation on the eco-friendly, nontoxic, low-cost BIOX and related novel materials as fascinating functional materials for the next generation.
Birguy Lamizana-Diallo,
UNEP-GPA, Kenya
Title: Recycling wastewater yields multiple benefits
Time : 12:20-12:45
Biography:
Birguy Lamizana-Diallo is a broad based development professional with more than 20 years working experience, including extensive knowledge in ecosystem and water resource management and a capacity building skills as a Training of Trainers (ToT) for decision makers on IWRM. She possesses a strong record of accomplishments in developing actions plans in Integrated Water Resource Management for West and Eastern Africa‘s countries. She holds an Engineer degree in Water resources management and a Doctorate in Freshwater Ecology in relation to environmental flows requirement. She is a Programme Officer at UNEP, in charge of the wastewater portfolio
Abstract:
Worldwide, the new environmental paradigm is to eliminate the concept of throwing away waste and replace it with the concept of considering waste as a resource focusing on “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle” paradigm which considers both solid waste and wastewater. Recycling wastewater for peri-urban agriculture already happens around many cities across the developing world. It is clearly one of the options to address the increasing urban food demand, complement rural supply and for poverty reduction. It can further serve the inherent function of agriculture while recycling urban waste products. As such, reuse of wastewater in agriculture means making a productive asset out of a waste product, while contributing to natural purification. This has however, to be done cautiously to minimize both health and environmental risks by applying existing guidelines and multi-barrier approach. There are several advantages for wastewater reuse. First of all, it is a reliable source of water. It contents nutrient which reduce the demand for chemical fertilizers. The economic gain is not negligible as it yields benefits to local communities and to the society by providing a source of income to farmers and can help recycle local water and nutrients sources while cleaning the receiving environment. Wastewater sludge can also be used as soil conditioner, fertilizer and as construction materials. Further, the utilization of organic materials found in wastewater to produce biogas for energy and heat generation clear exhibited climate change related benefits. Wastewater reuse, when appropriately applied, is considered as an example of Environmentally Sound Technology (EST) applications
- Track 7:Metal waste and plastic recycling Track 8:Industrial waste recycling Track 11:Food waste recycling Track 13:Recycling of Glass, Paper, Wood, Textile and Building materials
Location: EBRE
Chair
Jonathan W C Wong
Hong Kong Baptist University, China
Co-Chair
Takashi Nakamura
Tohoku University, Japan
Session Introduction
Yong-Chul Jang
Chungnam National University, South Korea
Title: Material flow analysis and recycling system of mercury-containing fluorescent lamps in Korea
Time : 09:50-10:15
Biography:
Yong-Chul Jang is a Professor in the Department of Environmental Engineering at Chungnam National University in South Korea. He has completed his PhD in 2000 and Postdoctoral studies from University of Florida, USA. He is an Editor-in-Chief in Korean Journal of Waste Management and Associate Editor in Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. He has published more than 50 scientific papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
As fluorescent lampsare frequently replaced at households, large amounts of used or waste mercury-containing fluorescent lamps are generated each year. Improper disposal may pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. Thus, environmentally sound management of used fluorescent lamps is very important. In Korea, used fluorescent lamps have been included in the extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy since 2004 to more effectively recover and recycle them from consumers and reduce their impacts on the environment. This paper examined the material flow analysis (MFA) of fluorescent lamps in Korea to determine the flow of fluorescent lamps and mercury by life cycle stages. The results were based on field site visits tothe used fluorescent lamps recycling facilities, the review of available literature and interviews with the recycling companies and environmental regulatory authorities
Alabadan B A
Federal University, Nigeria
Title: Production of bio-diesel from used groundnut oil from bosso market, Minna, Niger state, Nigeria
Time : 10:15-10:40
Biography:
Prof. Alabadan was born in Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria. His scholarly voyage saw him attend St. John's African Church Primary School, Ikere-Ekiti (1976), the famous school without failures, African Church Comprehensive High School, Ikere-Ekiti (1982), the Federal University of Technology, Akure (1989) for a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Agricultural Engineering, the prestigious University of Ibadan (1992,2002) for his postgraduate programmes in Agricultural Engineering. He was two times MASHAV scholar to the Research Institute, Volcanic Campus, Bet Dagan, Israel (2007) for Certificate in Research and Development in Postharvest Practices and Shefayim, Israel (2015) for Certificate in Climate Change and Agriculture
Abstract:
Biodiesel is a clean burning diesel fuel processed from natural and renewable biological sources such as waste cooking oil, rape seed, Jatropha seed, animals fats and refined bleached deodorized palm oil. The transesterification of used cooking oil with short-chain alcohols in the presence of base catalyst sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and methanol as solvent by means of single step batch transesterification process in order to obtain biodiesel fuel was studied using a reaction ratio of 6:1 for alcohol to oil ratio. The oil was heated in a water bath. The process variables that were investigated are catalyst concentration and reaction time. The variable that was fixed throughout the whole experiment was quantity of used vegetable oil, mixing degree of mechanical stirrer at 1300 rpm and alcohol to oil ratio. The oil was divided into three samples namely, 1, 2 and 3. The biodiesel yield for the samples are 58 ml, 79 ml and 70 ml respectively while the glycerine yield for the samples were 19 ml, 19 ml and 20 ml respectively. The reaction times for the three samples are 60, 90 and 120 minutes respectively. The best result for highest yield and highest purity is at 90 minutes reaction time and 1.5 g catalyst concentration. Sample 2 was found to have the highest cetane rating closer to the ASTM standard which implies that sample 2 will be a more efficient fuel than the other two samples, guarantee smooth running of the engine as well as burn cleaner
Hai M Duong
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Title: Cellulose aerogels from paper waste for oil spill cleaning and heat insulation of buildings
Time : 10:40-11:05
Biography:
Hai M Duong has attracted visibility to his research through Postdoctoral scholarships (MIT, USA; University of Cambridge, UK and University of Tokyo, Japan), awards, publications and invitations to international meetings. His core research interests are carbon nanotube (CNT) and aerogel materials and their applications. He has contributed 1 granted patent, 3 invited book chapters, more than 120 published peer-review papers and international conference proceedings. He has been an Editorial Member of International Journal of Aeronautical Science & Aerospace Research (IJASAR), a Key Member of Functional Materials Society in Singapore, a Member of 4 international conference committees and the Reviewer of 37 preferred journals
Abstract:
The patent WO 2014/178797 of “A polysaccharide aerogel” granted on 6 November 2014 can help to solve environmental problems of Singapore and around the world tremendously by re-using paper waste. The cellulose aerogel was invented from recycled cellulose fibers of paper waste having larger diameters and lengths of 10-50 mm and 0.3-5 mm than those of nanoscale cellulose fibers of previous studies respectively. The developed cellulose aerogel was coated with at least one type of surface modifier like MTMS to make it oleophilic for oil absorbent but excluding water absorbent. The recycled cellulose aerogel was very cost-effective, flexible, squeezable, had a very low thermal conductivity like air and much larger pore sizes (micrometer range, 30-250 mm) than those synthesized from high purity cellulose fibers (nanometer range). The large size of the aerogel pores makes the aerogel to absorb liquids with high viscosity like crude oils up to four times more than current commercial sorbents. The cellulose aerogel having a surface modifier (silane groups) was stable at least six months in tropical weather. The recycled cellulose aerogel can be used as eco-friendly sorbents with high absorption for cleaning oil spills (potential market: $143.5 billion in 2015), water repellent and eco-friendly heat insulators for buildings (potential market: $3.3 billion dollar), piping and clothing
Ola A Mohamed
National Research Centre, Egypt
Title: E-BABE-Recycling leather wastes in carton industry
Time : 11:45-12:10
Biography:
Ola A Mohamed completed her PhD at age 30 years. She is a Professor in chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, Chemical, Industries Division, National Research Centre, Egypt.
Abstract:
Wastes extracted from tanning leather industry were grinded into nanoparticles size and treated with flame retardant materials. The treated leather wastes were then added with different concentrations during carton sheet hand-making. The influence of these leather wastes on flame retardancy and thermal stability of the produced paper sheets were investigated by flame test and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Furthermore, physical properties; permeability, opacity and brightness and mechanical; tear strength, burst, tensile strength, were evaluated. The surface morphology of the paper sheets was studied using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). We succeeded in producing carton sheets with improved flame retardant based on addition of treated and untreated leather wastes as additives during sheet formation. Furthermore the physical and mechanical properties were unchanged.
S M Pérez-Moreno
University of Huelva, Spain
Title: Potential valorizations of artificial gypsum generated in the manufacture of titanium dioxide pigments
Time : 12:10-12:35
Biography:
S M Pérez-Moreno is a PhD student whose line of research is science and environmental technology and it is geared to the valorization of industrials inorganic waste. She belongs to the Research Group FRYMA (Physics of radiation and Environment), Department of Applied Physics of the University of Huelva. During two years of her research career, she has published two papers in international journals (Web of Science of Thomson Reuters) derived from the work done on characterization and valorization of red gypsum. She has participated in 3 international conferences with an oral presentation and two posters
Abstract:
In the southwest of Spain, is located an industry engaged in the production of titanium dioxide, a pigment that delivers whiteness, brightness and opacity to a vast range of products from coatings and polymers to cosmetics and food. The industry generates a waste with high content of Ca called red gypsum (RG) due to its high level of iron and another one from the un attacked mineral (ilmenite) called also tionite by the industry. In the same way, it releases large amount of CO2 into the atmosphere due to the final calcination done the TiO2 pulp to convert it to pigment in the anatase form. Currently these wastes have no commercial value and therefore they are disposed of in an authorized and controlled repository area generating this management a high cost to the company and a future impact to the environment. Considering the above problems, the main objective established for this work was valorizing these inorganic wastes through commercial applications by two different ways. Firstly, as a potential building material to manufacture fire-resistant panels and secondly as a source of calcium for CO2 sequestration by an indirect carbonation process. In order to develop these purposes and assess the correct technical behavior and the environmental impact, the waste and materials obtained from them underwent to an exhaustive physicochemical characterization by XRF, ICP-MS, XRD, TGA, SEM, Fire-resistance tests and finally the natural radionuclides were measured by alpha-particle spectrometry due to this activity is a NORM industry (NORM=Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material). The most relevant results have demonstrated that red gypsum could be used to build fire-resistant panels, since it do not undergo significant chemical and structural changes up to about 1000oC. Furthermore, RG has high carbonation efficiency (92%), when sodium hydroxide is used as extraction agent making it an excellent sequestration agent of CO2 that could contribute to reduce the CO2 released by industries into the atmosphere
Roy Nir Lieberman
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientÃficas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Title: Fly ash: A potential scrubber for phosphate and quarries wastes from the Israel and Palestinian authority industries
Time : 12:35-13:00
Biography:
Roy Nir Lieberman has completed his PhD from Bar Ilan University. He is doing his Postdoctoral Research in the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) in Barcelona, Spain
Abstract:
Israel imports ~13Mt of Bituminous coal annually. The pulverized coal is fired in 4 coal power plants and produce ~1.3M tons of coal Fly Ash (FA) and ~180k ton of bottom ash (in 2013) as a residue. Moreover, Air Quality regulations in Israel forbid emissions of toxic pollutants (example S, Hg) therefore; the coal undergoes beneficiation process in order to reduce its mineral content including sulfur and mercury. These results in formation of alkaline fly ashes (Class F), therefore are very basic upon immersion in water (liquid/solid ratio 10/1, South African Fly Ash, SAFA, pH>12.5, Colombian Fly Ash, COFA, pH>10.5). Today, ~100% of the coal fly ash are utilized is in the construction industry although it is known that it can neutralize acidic mine drainage therefore the fly ash can also be referred as chemical reagent. Therefore the possibility of using the fly ash as a chemical reagent to neutralize and also fixate different wastes is investigated in this study. Two wastes have been studied: (1) Acidic wastes either from the phosphate industry or the regeneration processes of used motor oil (viaOleum extraction). (2) Quarries sludges which consider hazardous. The results have shown that the FAs can act as an efficient encapsulation reagent for these wastes. Moreover, leaching experiments via the European Directive (EN12457-2) methods have proved that the aggregate products are in accord with the compliance test for leaching and the leached water is within the D L standards in Israel and also under the hazardous limits of the European Directive
Raquel GarcÃa Pacheco
IMDEA Water Institute, Spain
Title: Evaluation of the ppm-h concept for end-of-life RO membrane into recycled NF and UF membranes
Time : 13:00-13:25
Biography:
Raquel García Pacheco completed her project Master’s degree in Hydrology and Water Resources (UAH-URJC, Madrid, 2010-2011) and the degree in Chemical Engineering (URJC, Madrid, 2003-2008). She is currently conducting her PhD studies about recycling and reuse ofend-of-life membranes at IMDEA WATER. She has published as a co-author 5 scientific paper(2 in reputed journals) and is currently writing 2 papers as first author. She has also published 3 book chapters and has 8 congress presentations. She has participated at CONSOLIDERTRAGUA Project (2009-2012) and in the Yolanda´s Typhon emergency (treating water operation with ERU WATSAN of Spanish Red Cross). Currently she participates in the REMTAVARES Project (2010-2017) and is the Technical responsible of the LIFEENV/ES/000751 TRANSFOMEM Project (2014-2018)
Abstract:
Thin Film Composite polyamide membranes have been worldwide used in desalination andwater recycling plants. However, once their lifespan is exhausted they are often disposed into the landfills which are the last priority according to the main pyramidal waste management principlesof the European Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (prevention, preparing for re-use, recycling, recovery and disposal). The present study, as part of the LIFE+ ENV/ES/000751TRANSFOMEM European project, investigates the transformation of end-of-life membranesthat were treating brackish water or seawater to be recycled as nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. Such process is a simple, low energy, surface modification technique based on polyamide chemical attack by free chlorine. The ppm-h concept it was evaluated which implies different exposure times of end-of-life membranes at diverseconcentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions. All the transformation experimentswere carried out at alkaline conditions (pH>10) at room temperature and without stirring. Two different exposure doses were set in order to obtain nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membrane performances. The membrane performances were evaluated filtering synthetic brackish water containing NaCl, MgSO4 and dextrose. The surface properties of the transformed membranes were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR). Results showed that ppm-h concept is not valid for allcases