4^th World Congress and Expo on Recycling July 27-29, 2017 Rome, Italy

Biography:

E David is a graduate from Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and did MS in Physical Chemistry in Surface and Analytical Chemistry from Babes- Bolyai University, Romania. She serves as a Doctor of Chemical Science, Assoc. Prof. and Head of Department of Carbonic Materials, Composites & Analysis Techniques at National Research Institute of Cryogenics & Isotopic Technologies, Romania. She is author of more than 20 inventions in the field of environment, energy, waste recycling, and materials. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) awarded her the WIPO prize, both at the International Exhibition of Inventions in Geneva, Switzerland in April 2012 and in Brussels, Belgium in November 2014, for two inventions in the field of Waste Recycling and Clean Energy. She held over 80 lectures at national and international scientific conferences and congresses and has published over 140 scientific papers in prestigious national and international publications. She is Member of the World Academy of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Physical European Society and Association of Computational Materials Science and Surface Engineering, Poland. She acts as Reviewer for prestigious international journals like Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Journal of International Hydrogen Energy, Journal of Hazardous Materials, and more. ele

Abstract:

The aim of this research is to answer the challenge of how a hazardous waste can be transformed into raw material source, presenting the particular case of a solid aluminum residue, such as aluminum dross. In this waste, it is included as fine fraction of less than 50 μm; and this waste is considered as a hazardous aluminum waste, among other reasons, because of its poor chemical stability, its spontaneous and exothermic reactivity with water and environmental humidity, generating hydrogen, ammonia, methane, hydrogen sulphide, phosphine, etc. The presence of these phases in the aluminum dross depends on the type of furnace used and above all on the atmosphere inside the furnace, together with the type and quality of the scrap used in each installation. In the first part of this paper, the physico-chemical characteristics and what is the negative impact on the environment and people health of the aluminum hazardous waste, if this is stored in landfill, is presented. Then, some examples of our achievements of how this waste can become a useful raw material for obtaining high value added products, how would be to generate hydrogen as a source of clean energy, getting boehmite, alumina and a harmless environmental residue, is shown. Further, for the development of aluminum dross recycling process, a study on aqueous leaching can offer a new and very interesting economic way. A major problem is the reaction between the AlN amount from the slag and water (vapor or liquid phase), which can produce NH3 gas emission, representing a serious environmental hazard. In the second part of this paper, a leaching process, using water saturated with CO2, is attempted with the aim to retain in situ the ammonia by absorption. The laboratory experimental results highlight that the extraction of K and Na salts from the slag are high (>95 wt% ) at a solid slag mass to liquid water ratio of 1:25 and 3 hours of leashing, at room temperature. Also, with a continuous CO2 bubbling at a maximum flow rate of 60 ml/min, the amount of NH3 gas releasing has decreased from 0.3624 mg/l water to <0.0065 mg/l, highlighting the effectiveness of the NH3 absorption in carbonized water (>97%). By comparison with the results obtained during leaching experiments using pure AlN, this shows that the introduction of CO2 is an impediment to the hydrolysis of AlN. The retention of AlN into the leach residue and the leaching only of the salt cake by carbonated water becomes a promising way towards removal and recovery of the salts from aluminum dross and towards the obtaining from the leach residues of the aluminum oxynitride (AlON), a material with very good ceramic characteristics.

Biography:

Marina Zoccola has been working since 1989 as a researcher at the National Research Council, Institute for Macromolecular Studies, textile section of Biella. Her principal interests are in the study and characterisation of biopolymers, mainly structural proteins (wool, fine animal fibres, silk, human hair). She has participated in national and international research projects in the textile and biopolymer field. She was author of over 30 scientific works published in international journals.

Abstract:

The European Union (EU) area has the second largest world sheep population, numbered to about 87 millions (Source EU-Eurostat 2014). The EU flock is made of crossbred sheep not graded for fine wool production. The annual wool clip amounts to about 200 000 t and its management is a specific problem for the EU livestock sector. Indeed, wool from sheep farming and butchery industry is very coarse and contains a lot of kemps (dead fibres), making it practically unserviceable for the textile industry. Unserviceable wool is mostly disposed in landfills or illegally thrown over. Thus, shearing, storage, transportation and disposal of waste wool in accordance with current EU Regulation, heavily weigh on the profit of sheep farming. The Life+ 12 ENV/IT000439 GreenWoolF project aims at converting waste wool into nitrogen fertilizers at a commercial scale for grassland management and organic agriculture purposes. The chemical transformation is based on a green economically sustainable hydrolysis treatment using superheated water. The experiments were carried out in a semi-industrial reactor feeding superheated water and, due to condensation, the wool/superheated water system was maintained for different reaction times. The optimal conditions for this treatment were: 170 oC for 60 min with a solid to liquor ratio close to 1. Chemical analyses such as amino acid analysis and molecular weight distribution performed on the hydrolysis products obtained revealed that the wool was completely degraded, the reaction product containing low molecular weight proteins and amino acids. Several product batches tested for germination showed an index higher than 100% without collateral phytotoxicity. The presence of amino acids, primary nutrients and micronutrients in wool hydrolyzates, along with a concentration of heavy metals below the standard limit, confirms the possibility of using wool hydrolyzates as nitrogen based ecologically sound fertilizer suitable for organic agriculture.

Biography:

Pelin Alicanoglu is a PhD candidate at Pamukkale University. Pelin completed her Master Degree at Dokuz Eylül University. She has expertise on wastewater treatment, advanced oxidation processes, micropollutant removal and nanotechnology. Currently, she is research assistant at Pamukkale University. 

Abstract:

Antibiotics are extensively being used in our lives for human disease treatment, aquaculture, and livestock operations. Due to the inappropriate wastewater disposal practices, a portion of the antibiotics are discharged into the environment in their original or metabolized forms [1]. Levofloxacin (LEV) is a more recently developed antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolones (FQs) which are synthetic broad spectrum antibiotics and is the optical S-(-) isomer of ofloxacin [2]. However, it is difficult to remove LEV from wastewater through traditional biological methods because of its toxicity and low biodegradability [2]. Graphene oxide (GO) is hydrophilic due to the oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface, which renders GO sheet a good candidate for supporting nanoparticles in liquid phase [3]. TiO2 could produce powerful oxidants capable to degrade organic pollutants until total mineralization [4]. Semiconductor materials have been widely studied and used in the fields of pollutant degradation due to their environment friendliness [3]. The aim of the present work was to synthesize a new nanoparticle (G-TiO2) and remove LEV antibiotic from synthetic wastewater at different operational conditions. In order to determine the maximum photodegradation yields of LEV with G-TiO2 composite, the effects of increasing LEV concentrations (1, 5, 25 and 100 mg/L), increasing irradiation times (15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 min), increasing G-TiO2 concentrations (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/L) and different pH levels (4, 7 and 10) were researched. The maximum removal efficiency of LEV (for 1 mg/L) was obtained as 97% {G-TiO2 concentration: 0.25 g/L, pH: 7, temperature: 21°C, UV power: 300 W, irradiation time: 45 min}. Moreover, six sequential treatment steps were investigated for determination of reusability of G-TiO2 composite. The photocatalytic degradation percentage was reduced from 97% to 74% on first cycle to sixth cycle.

Biography:

Hyokwan Bae has been working at Korea Institute of Science and Technology as a Research Scientist for 11 years (2006-2017). He participated in a number of research projects on nitrogen removal, membrane separation, biofilm and culture-independent analysis of bacterial community structure. After obtaining a PhD degree in Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering at Seoul National University in early 2014, his research has been concentrated on the integration of biological reaction and membrane separation processes linked to obtaining high quality reclaimed water and resource recovery (e.g., partial nitrification, halophilic bacteria, forward osmosis, membrane distillation and fouling control). Recently, he joined the Faculty of Pusan National University in 2017 to broaden and improve his specialty in Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Abstract:

Forward osmosis (FO) and biological nitrification processes were integrated in this study. High strength ammonia wastewater of 2500 mg-N/L was partially nitrified at an ammonia conversion rate of 1.34 ± 0.25 kg-N/m³-day under the limitation of an acidification buffer, i.e., HCO₃^–-C/NH₄⁺-N = 1, as a control factor. To mitigate the membrane fouling, direct contact between the biomass and cellulose triacetate FO membrane was avoided by employing PVA/alginate-immobilized nitrifiers in the bioreactor. The simultaneous FO process concentrated the wastewater at concentration factors (CFs) of up to 2.34 during the partial nitritation (PN) reaction. As a result, the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 13.6 g/L to 35.7 g/L. It was found that salinity higher than 17 g-TDS/L inhibited the activity of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, but not the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Then, the nitrogen content of wastewater was further concentrated using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The ratio of transferred ammonia to water (i.e., specific ammonia transfer: SAT) was controlled by operational conditions of membrane materials, pH and temperature. It was identified that free ammonia (FA) concentration has a critical role on SAT values under different total ammoniacal nitrogen concentration and pH. Thus, the acidification pretreatment was essential to minimize the FA concentration in the feed before operating the DCMD system. Taken together, membrane-based dewatering processes were effective to reduce the water contents in the wastewater and the remained nitrogen contents can be utilized as a concentrated fertilizer.

Biography:

Handan Akülker graduated from Chemical Engineering and Genetics. Bioengineering double major program at Yeditepe University with full-scholarship in 2012. She worked at State Hydraulic Works as an analyst for 3 years. Then, she started to work as a research assistant at Ondokuz Mayıs University in 2016. She is still a master student at Chemical Engineering Department.

Abstract:

Zinc is one of the most plentiful elements in the Earth. Its concentration both in soil and water is increasing because of industrial activities, such as mining, coal and waste combustion and steel processing. Despite being handled by humans, too much of it can still pose fatal diseases. Therefore, Zinc is studied to be removed from water by using several methods. With respect to recent studies, Alginate has been suggested to be harmless to both environment and human health due to its biodegradable composition. Hence, it is widely used in adsorption processes. The aim of the study was to remove Zinc (II) ions from water by using Ca-Alginate microspheres and also to design the adsorption by full factorial method. Na-Alginate and CaCl2 were used to synthesize Ca-Alginate hydrogel microspheres with approximately 4 mm diameter in wet form. Microspheres were chosen to be synthesized instead of gel form in that their high surface area per their small weight could boost the efficiency of adsorption. In order to determine the significant parameters of adsorption, 23 full factorial design was performed. The combined effects of adsorbent dosage on, temperature during adsorption and initial concentration of water were examined. For three parameters, minimum and maximum values were determined to be performed. According to these values, eight experiment sets were carried out. The results of these experiments were statistically analyzed by using the student’s t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and an F-test to define important experimental factors and their levels. A regression model considering the significant main and interaction effects was suggested. In conclusion, using Ca-Alginate hydrogel microspheres can be plausible and environmentally friendly method for adsorption of Zinc from water.

Biography:

Katarzyna Kulhawik has graduated from 5- year master’s degree studies in the field of Environmental Protection of PoznaÅ„ University in Poland. She so much interested in environmental protection that she has started postgraduate extramural studies (doctoral). Her speciality is environmental protection including waste management. The topic of her research is the functioning of recycling in the system of waste management based on the example of the district of GÅ‚ogów. Besides scientific activity she train workers in the field of waste management

Abstract:

After the implementation of a new waste management system, in which recycling is the most dominating process, landfill disposal still appears to be the most popular method of waste management in Poland. In which waste undergoes gradual decomposition and the influence of climate conditions, for example, air and atmospheric fallout, leads to the production of leachate and biogas emissions, which contribute to continual threats to the natural environment and humans. The above-mentioned threats can be limited by applying suitable techniques of waste treatment before its disposal. A technology that is oriented to these aims is a mechanical biological treatment. The results of this technology is waste stabilisation and reduction of pollutant emissions. Additionally, it allows to increase the recovery of materials for recycling and to reduce the mass of waste ( it is environmentally friendly). Finally will be described differences (advantages disadvantages) between direct disposal versus mechanical- biological treatment.

Biography:

Huseyin Koca completed his undergraduate education at Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, and went on to obtain an M.Phil. degree from Leeds University, England. He obtained his Ph.D. from Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey. Currently, he is professor at Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey

Abstract:

The share of electricity production by means of coal fired power plants is over 40% in the World. A large quantity of solid waste are produced each year due to the high ash content of coals. It is estimated that over 750 million tons of coal combustion products, fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag and flue gas desulphurization gypsum, are produced annually in all over the World. Approximately half of these material are recycled or reused as a raw material in cement and construction materials, ceramic making, and extraction of valuable minerals … etc. The rest is simply discarded to landfills that causes severe environmental problems. The European legislative frame work has forced the EU Member States to introduce a waste prevention programme since 2013. They either integrated into their own waste prevention programmes or other environmental policy programmes or established as a standalone programme. Waste prevention programme should describe a minimum waste prevention objectives and implement other preventive measures. The EU’s approach to waste management is based on four principles: waste hierarchy, precautionary principle, principles of polluter pays and producer responsibility and principles of proximity and self-sufficiency. These principles have key roles to achieve sustainable waste management system and environmental protection. In this work recent developments in management of energy plants’ wastes were investigated.

Biography:

Evangelia Karvela is a Food Technologist with a PhD degree in winery byproducts and their use as food additives due to their antioxidants effect. The last 5 years, she has been working at Yiotis Company in R&D departments. She has more than 10 publications, participated in international conferences and she collaborates with Harokopio University as a Researcher. The main aim of her job is how different by-products could be treated and incorporated in foods, giving an additive nutritional value in the final product, reducing at the same time the amount of the food industry wastes.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: The food industry is a major emitter of CO2, which is produced during the stages of food processing, storage and transportation. The LIFE FOODPRINT project’s main goal is to identify, quantify and implement measures to reduce the carbon footprint (CF) of the pastry and flour industry sector along the supply chain while increasing competitiveness through the development of an innovative software tool. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) has developed an interactive software tool which can determine and evaluate the CF of pastry and flour food product considering direct and indirect activities (energy consumption, water, waste water, etc.) using data from six food industries (production, distribution, storage/warehouse, organic cleaning company). Yiotis S.A. from Greece has been used along with other industry players in Italy AB Mauri and Molino, as case studies, in which different measurements were held such as evaluating the products’ CF along the supply chain, identifying the carbon hotspots contributing in raising the products’ CF along the value chain and developing GHGs emissions mitigation programs for the participating food industries by incorporating appropriate set of offsetting measures. The software was evaluated and further improved by using it and performing further measurements in 6 more pastry and flour industries in Greece and Italy. The main unresolved issue as environmental contaminant so far, is packaging, for which the only solution so far is the recycling. A biodegradable packaging material has been developed and printed in the original way demonstrating an attractive film similar to the normal plastic materials; extensive study is underway to determine migration of contaminants from ink, glue and plasticizers. When this is confirmed there will be huge impact on the environment. Results: Yiotis S.A. achieved a 10-15% reduction of CO2 emissions. The biodegradable material is almost ready to be tested in its primary and colorful edition. The program is currently being disseminated. A leaflet is under preparation to accompany various products of Yiotis and inform consumers regarding FOODPRINT program, as well as the product manufacture’s GHG emissions. Conclusion & Significance: Through LIFE FOODPRINT Yiotis S.A., in collaboration with SEVT, tries to develop a national recommendation plan considering the reduction of GHG emissions of pastry and flour food industries in Greece and Italy and increase their competences in the future.

Biography:

Judith Buchmaier has studied technical chemistry and biotechnologies. She is now working on thermal separation technologies. Her expertise lies in different applications of membrane distillation. Her studies include membrane stability tests, test cell experiments such as execution of experiments in pilot scale. Among other applications such as ammonia recovery from biogas sludge, waste water treatment with membrane distillation one focus area lies in the optimization and recovery of valuable substances in galvanizing and printed circuit board industry

Abstract:

In the electroplating industry there are processing steps which are very energy- and resource- intensive. An example is the rinsing of the products after the electroplating or etching bath. This can be done directly above the bath or in a separate basin. The rinsing leads on the one hand to the necessity of concentrating the electroplating or etching bath. On the other hand the rinsing water has to be treated in a way, that the electroplating substances are concentrated and can be returned to the bath and furthermore can be “cleaned” of the electro-plating substances for reusing it as water. Within the scope of this work the capability of the membrane distillation as application for the waste water treatment in the electroplating industry was tested. In order to analyze the membrane distillation under realistic operating conditions, experiments were carried out at a membrane distillation plant installed at an electroplating company. During the experiments, the operational capability of the membrane distillation for use in treatment of electroplating liquids was tested in a first step. Furthermore experiments for reaching required concentrations of bath ingredients were conducted. All in all the experimental investigation showed the feasibility of treating electroplating liquids through membrane distillation. Through the experiments the electroplating substances were concentrated and the fresh rinsing water was prepared for reusing it in the rinsing bath.

Biography:

Szymon Wojciechowski has his expertise in multi-material laminates recycling using solvent extraction as the main method. His work is focused on overcoming major obstacles that now prevent wider commercialization of multi-material waste recycling without material quality degradation

Abstract:

Multimaterial waste is a difficult material to recycle. In terms of laminated film processing, this issue is even more apparent, as mechanical separation of the base materials is not possible. There are very few technologies able to process the most common laminates used in food packaging such as PE-PET, PE-PA and PE-Al. Many of such process are either based on energy recovery or offer products of low quality (downcycling). Multi-material laminates when recovered from communal waste are mixed with other polymers and contaminants. On the other hand, output of postproduction waste with manageable levels of contamination is growing every year. New advanced technologies enabling a full material recycling of waste laminates are in their early stages of implementation. Processes based on chemical delamination or polyethylene dissolution/extraction enable to obtain products with virgin like properties, but will high quality of recycled products justify intense energy consumption and investment cost?

Biography:

Handan Akülker graduated from Chemical Engineering and Genetics. Bioengineering double major  program at Yeditepe University with full-scholarship in 2012. She worked at State Hydraulic Works as an analyst for 3 years. Then, she started to work as a research assistant at Ondokuz Mayıs University in 2016. She is still a master student at Chemical Engineering Department.

Abstract:

Colored organic effluents are produced in different industries, i.e. textiles, paper, leather, plastics, rubber, cosmetics etc.  Discharging of dye effluents into water resources even in a small amount can affect the aquatic life. Dye ions are commonly removed from aqueous streams through coagulation-precipitation, ion exchange, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis and solvent extraction. These methods are expensive. Adsorption is the most popular method for wastewater treatment due to its easy and inexpensive operation. In this study removal of malachite green dye ions from aqueous solutions using natural and activated clay adsorbents was studied. The effects of contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage on malachite green dye removal efficiency were examined in a batch system. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. The pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were applied to the experimental data in order to describe the removal mechanism of dye ions using natural and activated montmorillonite clay. The results show that natural and activated montmorillonite is an alternative low-cost adsorbent for removing malachite dye ions. 

Biography:

Muhammad Rusdy, Faculty of Animal Science Hasanuddin University in Department of Forage Science and Grassland Management, Indonesia

Abstract:

Banana is a traditional plant cultivated for its fruit. After harvesting, the remaining plant parts, i.e. pseudo-stem, leaf and fruit peel that consisting of around 80% can be used as feed for ruminants, as they contain high amounts of nutrients. The highest crude protein content of banana wastes is found in the leaf, followed by fruit peel and pseudo-stem. Both banana pseudo-stem and leaf contain moderate amounts of fiber but are higher than that of banana peel. The high contents of tannin in the leaf and fruit peel reduced their protein and dry matter digestibility and their value as ruminants. The low crude protein and high moisture contents of pseudo-stem reduced dry matter intake potential by ruminants. Due to the low digestibility of leaf and fruit peel and the low dry matter and crude protein contents of stem, to obtain high animal production from ruminants fed banana wastes, it should be supplemented with proteinaceous and carbonaceous concentrate feeds.

Biography:

Stephen W. Brooks is the Chief of the Assets and Logistics Management Division (ALM) of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) Glynco campus. As Chief of ALM he is responsible for all the personal property located at four FLETC sites. This includes 32,691 assets valued at $96,190,410.39 dollars located in Charleston South Carolina, Cheltenham, Maryland, and Artesia, New Mexico. He oversees the business lines of inventory management, Fleet management, mail management, property disposal, and the recycling program In 2015 he was named the “2015 Sustainability Hero” for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for his innovations in recycling solid waste generated by law enforcement firearms training. He has published in the area of recycling and is has been a noted speaker at the 2015 Southeastern Recycling Conference in San Destin, Florida and the 2015 Georgia Recycling Coalition Conference on St. Simons Island, Georgia.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: A common reason given for not recycling is that it is not cost effective and too costly to do. To be successful is easy but one has to shift paradigms to make it work. Whether you are an educational campus, training facility or community, it can be done effectively and efficiently. It will take a shift in culture and thinking in the beginning. That first shift is to stop thinking of all solid waste as “trash”, but rather a commodity that has monetary value in today’s market place of shrinking resources. Recyclable commodities such as old corrugated cardboard (OCC), standard office paper (SOP), aluminum drink cans are no different that gold, orange juice, or pork bellies, they are sold to those companies that need the recyclables as raw material to keep their mills operating, personnel employed, and their products flowing into the stream of commerce around the globe. These recyclable commodities are crucial to saving natural resources when they are processed back into their natural states to begin the manufacturing process all over again. Aluminum can be recycled indefinitely and results in a 95% energy savings and reduces pollution by 95% over tradition saves 4 lbs. of bauxite from being smelting for pound of aluminum recycled. Recycling not only generates positive revenue streams but also, saves natural resources, but also allows for cost avoidance associated with traditional waste collection and disposal.

Biography:

Abstract:

The results of a study on the type and quantity of solid waste generated in a rural vegetable and cattle market, and biogas generation from the waste are presented in this paper. The market waste was collected, individual items were separated and measured on both normal days and haat days. During a normal day, it was found that very insignificant amount of waste was generated. But on a haat day, a large amount of wastes was found to be generated. On average, the amount of easily biodegradable waste was 589 kg out of the total waste of 1004 kg on a haat day. Cow dung, fish, ginger, cursed lobe, guava and banana leaves were the major biodegradable wastes. Other biodegradable wastes were goat dropping, bitter melon, pointed gourd, dhundul and brinjal. The total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) of the biodegradable portion of the market waste were determined and were found to be 17.94% and 13.87% respectively. Laboratory experiments were run order to generate biogas in anaerobic digesters using the same composition of the market waste. They were placed in a large closed chamber and room heaters were used to maintain the temperature of the chamber at a constant value. One set of batch experiments and another set of daily feed experiments were carried out. In the first set of experiments, 500 g and 750 g waste added in 2 digesters separately and inoculum was added to make the effective volume of 2.1 L for each digester. The experiments were operated for 46 days and the average temperature was found to be 34.7oC. In the second set of experiments, one digester was initially fed with 750 g waste having the effective volume of 2.2 L. Another two-chamber (connected in series) digester was initially fed with 750 g waste having the effective volume of 3 L. Then the daily feed was 18.75 g waste mixed with 20 mL of water with dispensing 40 mL slurry from the digester. The experiments were run for 40 days and the average temperature was 35.1oC. The results of the 1st set of experiments revealed that the daily biogas generation rates were 0..22 and 0.48 m3/m3 of digester volume for the concentrations of waste as 0.238 and 0.357 kg/L respectively for 40 days retention time, and the respective rates of biogas producton were 0.30 and 0.40 m3/kg of VS added. The results of the 2nd set of experments revealed that the daily production of biogas was 0.44 and 0.37m3/m3 of the digester volume for the one-chamber digester and two-chamber digester respectively. But in terms of per kg VS added, the average daily gas generation rates were 0.185 m3 and 0.212 m3 for the respective digesters.

Biography:

Diego Piazza has graduation at Tecnologia em Polímeros from Universidade de Caxias do Sul (2007), master's at Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais from Universidade de Caxias do Sul (2011) and doctorate at Engineering from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (2016). He is currently professor mestre (assistente) nível ii at Universidade de Caxias do Sul. He is currently a professor at the University of Caxias do Sul and has held the position of coordinator of the Polymer Technology Undergraduate Course at UCS from 2011 to 2016. He works in the field of polymer nanocomposites, coatings, materials recycling and the processing of polymeric materials by Injection, extrusion, thermoforming and rotomoulding. Participates in the UCS Entrepreneurship program. Integrates the group of researchers with The Ocean Cleanup (Holland) in the study of degradation and recovery of polymers from the marine environment. He has experience in the area of project development and research in the field of materials science and engineering, with emphasis on polymers, polymer materials processing, polymer nanocomposites, organic coatings, intelligent inks, powder paints, and materials recycling.

Abstract:

Introduction: One of the major environmental problems is the ocean pollution. It is estimated¹ that the oceans’ surface holds more than 13.000 polymer fragments/km2. These fragments harm the fauna, since animals’ mistake polymers for food leads to death nearly 100 thousand marine mammals every year2. Synthetic polymers are inert towards degradation, this way, the material tends to accumulate in the oceans as a result of the huge consumption of polymers. This work aims to develop a methodology to recycle polymers found in oceans, comparing their mechanical and rheological properties with virgin polymers.

Experimental :The polymers employed in this work were collected on the beach sand of Kamilo Beach, Hawaii with the help of the The Ocean Cleanup team. Among the collected polymers higher amounts of PE and PP is highlighted. After clean and dried, they were ground in a knife mill. The resulting product had an average particle size distribution of 2 cm and was separated according to different densities. Afterwards the polymers were extruded in a single-screw extruder at the temperature profile of 170/185/200°C for PE and 180/195/210°C for PP. Afterwards, test specimens were obtained by injection, and then submitted to the flexural strength (ASTM D790), and melt flow index (performed under 190°C, 5Kg and 20s for PE; 230°C, 2.16 kg and 10s for PP) tests.

Results: Data obtained for the modulus of elasticity and melt flow index for PP and PE waste had values close to those of the respective commercial virgin resins.

Conclusions Based on the obtained results it is concluded that although the polymers has been exposed to different weather conditions, PE and PP waste can be recycled and bear properties which enable them to be used in the production of new products

Biography:

Daniela Gurau has her expertise in laboratory and in-situ gamma-ray spectrometry measurements and analysis with different type of detectors, radioactive waste assay using complex systems, coincidence summing effects evaluation, detector characterization, Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport. She started to work in the Radiological Characterization Laboratory from Reactor Decommissioning Department, IFIN-HH, in January 2006, and since then she contributed in the development of gamma-ray spectrometry techniques used in radiological characterization and free release of radioactive waste materials, combining experimental methods with theoretical and Monte Carlo simulation procedures. She has various scientific papers and contribution in important research projects.

Abstract:

A main aim of the decommissioning project from Magurele, Romania is to follow the standards and regulations to minimize the radiation doses and to limit the release of radioactive materials into the environment. Concerning the release of materials from the regulatory control, all the waste materials that comes from decommissioning practice are assumed to be radioactive even if the material has not come into contact with any radioactivity. Because of that, in order to protect the health against ionizing radiation, release of materials from regulatory control can be made only if these materials are “free of radioactivity”. Besides the disposal of radioactive waste, a parallel aspect is addressed by the national competent authorities that allow the materials that arise from radioactive practices to be released and reused or recycled if the radioactive content is in accordance with the release conditions. While clearance levels may very well be defined generically, the decision whether to apply clearance levels is an individual decision of the competent authorities on the basis of a case-by-case evaluation of the practice which gives rise to the contaminated or activated material. Direct and indirect measurements of surface contamination and measurement of activity using various gamma-ray spectrometry systems are used by the Radiological Characterization Laboratory to decide what will happen with the materials resulted from decommissioning. In Romania, all the solid materials that comes from nuclear facilities and meet the release criteria are sold for a profit. An innovative method for the recycle of the low level of radioactive concrete (contaminated or activated) has been developed by the Reactor Decommissioning Department from IFIN-HH, allowing to minimize the volume of the radioactive concrete that should be disposed.

Biography:

Silvia Dalzero has an architect since 2006 and a PHD in architecture with a thesis about urban transformations in relation to disposal systems waste. She obtained a reserch, at the University of Architecture in Venice, IUAV, in theme of ‘Ruins, debris and rubble in the theaters of war. From decontamination issues and disposal to the configuration of new landscapes’. She collaborates on the teaching at the IUAV in the course of Architectural-urban design (prof. Alberto Ferlenga). She was professor of Theory and practice of architecture (2012/2013), Architecture of the public space (2013/2014) at POLIMI and since 2014/2015 she is professor of Architectural-urban design (in Architectural design workshop 1), at University of Architecture in Milan, POLIMI. Than, She is professor at Academy of Art in the course of Design (in biennium of speciality). She has several publications including the monograph 'Rejected landscapes-Recycled landscapes. Waste disposal and recycling sites, perspectives and contemporary approaches' published in January 2015 by Scholars-press.

Abstract:

This article wants to show the landscape changes in the presence of waste, some touchable reality that invades the territory in many different ways in terms of time and space. Firstly, the issue of garbage is faced following its inevitable accumulation that designs our new and unexpected landscapes... secondly, the focus will be on how waste can be turned into a place. So, how through a list of projects for more or less controlled recovery altered areas, the present territorial dimension is inexorably besieged by garbage and consequently how it is exposed to a substantial environmental, cultural, economic and political alteration. Consequently a sort of ‘indicative atlas’ - where some interesting and reference recovery plans are illustrated - will be shaped. This perspective shows the present conditions and the effective distribution of plants for waste disposal and collection on the European territory in general, and more particularly in Italy: here the study becomes more detailed and a territorial section in Italy, Lombardy, is going to be analyzed. The territorial morphology and the inevitable environmental transformations are also taken into consideration. So, through a study of the present territorial conceptual status, indicative and synthetic models shape up from possible and potential scenarios of areas that are or will be altered in the future. The study of these areas make up a unique path to observe and evaluate the modern urban structure, where presently it is necessary to have a correct, definite location, leading to territorial changes in different ways. Furthermore, this research can contribute to give the right measure of what is at stake, that is different territorial status and other perspectives.

Biography:

Abstract:

An efficient way to solve the problem of minimizing chemical industrial wastes is recycling unreacted feed materials. For this purpose the reactor-separator recycle system can be used (Figure 1)  However a feedback causes an appearance of multiplicity of the steady states in the reactor. A problem of the steady states multiplicity in chemical reactor has been examined for a long time by van Herden (Van Heerden,1953)  and other. Also there are numerous articles in which the problem of the steady states multiplicity and stability of the reactor with recycle has been analysed (Luss and  Amundson, 1967), (Kiss, Bildea, Dimian, Iedema and other). The existence of the finite set of steady states (odd number) in the reactor was indicated in all these works. But an appearance of qualitatively new properties in the reactor taking place in the recycle system: reactor – separating unit is possible. It is shown as an existence of continuum (infinite set) steady states in the reactor ( Boyarinov, and Duev, 1980, Boyarinov, and Duev, 2005, Duev and Boyarinov, 2010).  Continuum of the steady states is possible to be only in recycle system for the operational mode with a complete utilization of feed and intermediate reactants.

Biography:

Sandra Regina Scagliusi: Great experience with elastomers. Upgraded in recovering of rubbers, in general, specially dealing with butyl and halo-butyl rubbers (chlorine and bromine). She is deeply involved with irradiation, recycling, de-vulcanization, micro-wave. She developed a new process of rubbers recovering via radiation and mechanical shear. She has been dedicating in research toward environmental area in recycling of solid materials and elastomers. Proved experience in research and quality control laboratories

Abstract:

Polymeric materials (plastics and rubbers) cover a continuously raising proportion of urban and industrial solid wastes discarded in landfills and consequently their impact on environment are more and more concern. Rubbers exhibit a very slow natural decomposition due to their chemical structure weather resistant as well to enzymatic degradation and to microorganisms. Rubber recovering is hampered by its insolubility caused by crosslinked structures. Besides, this tridimensional structure causes various problems for material recovering and reprocessing. Just 8% to 12% of polymeric residues are thermoplastic polymers; remaining are elastomers especially post consumption tires. It is relevant to emphasize that the crosslinking is essential for practical use of rubber and this process is worldwide known as vulcanizing process, discovered by North American Charles Goodyear. The implementation of new technologies in order to reduce polymeric residues, acceptable from the environmental viewpoint and at an effective cost proved to be a great problem due to inherent complexities for polymers reuse. Ionizing radiation has capacity to change structure and properties of polymeric materials. Butyl rubbers have been used in wide scale within a variety of applications such as tires spare-parts and diverse artifacts. Major effect of high energy photon, such as gamma rays in butyl and halo-butyl rubbers is the creation of free radicals accompanied by changes in mechanical properties. This work aims to the development of processes of controlled degradation (de-vulcanizing) of butyl rubber in order to characterize their availability for modification and changes of their properties. Experimental results obtained showed that butyl rubbers irradiated at 25 kGy and further sheared can be used as the starting point for mixtures with pristine rubber.

Biography:

Laib khemissa phd at contemporary philosophy in 2017 , Batna university, Magistère at cultural anthropology en 2006.

Abstract:

By presenting my experience in recycling of textile (through videos to reveal the aesthetic and economic value of recycling). my conference treats the recycling From a philosophical point of view as the treatise  of Francois dagognet for example for which to take an interest in the waste philosophically is a way to oppose the consumer society which privileges the new one on the contrary the recycler sees in the waste not a kind of " Indetermination close to annihilation but a capacity for evolving resurrection and continuous creation and this could not be achieved without the revaluation of waste.Aristotle explains that he can not sustain a series of changes in the corporeal substance, which does not transform the nature of the substance. That is to say, it acquires or loses perfection without transforming itself into another substance. The movement expresses the dynamic dimension of reality, of things. It no longer accepts to see in the change of matter or form an absolute corruption. Things no longer become pure pure nor pure power, they are always in Becoming, in the possibility of passage from being in power to being in act Man by the continuous recycling of the same matter participates in the divine nature because by his creation he imitates the divine creation which made the world from eternal matter(hyllé). And by recycling  matter participates in eternity. Unlike the perceptive of Francis Dagognet on Aristotle I affirm that matter never ceases to disappear as confirmed by Dagonet but never ceases to pass into creative works and I find that Aristotle does not join here the Platonic doctrines that misunderstood The matter and sees that it is philosophy alone that diverts us from the "waste" and from what they imply, and that curiously, the productive technique, the old as well as the current, participates in this aversion, so much we are everywhere Desiring the incorruptible and especially the shining (the back of the scrap). Recycling contradicts this idealism concretely and economically on the one hand and slows down on the other hand the liquid consumption of which the analyzes of ZYGMUNT BAUMAN alert us and the negative economic and moral consequences resulting from this type of desire of consumption.

Biography:

Jonathan Cocker heads the Firm’s Environment & Environmental Markets Practice Group in Toronto, where he also serves as chair of the Pro Bono Committee. He authored the Global Climate Change Law Guide, and has worked with the Management Board Secretariat of the Government of Ontario. Mr. Cocker has represented a wide range of clients before various administrative boards, the Superior Court of Justice and the Federal Court of Canada, among others.

Abstract:

Industry-Funded Organizers to be Disbanded Currently, each province designates "Industry-Funded Organizations" or IFOs to enlist and coordinate the waste management activities of all of waste diversion participants, including the producers, haulers, recoverors, processors and reusers. These IFOs allocate volumes, set fee structures, rate performance and conduct auditing and performance assessments by all the regulated parties. The results have been viewed as inefficient, costly and creating uncertainty as a barrier to long-term investment and innovation. A call for market forces to dictate waste diversion management has led Ontario to commence disbanding the IFOs and placing the obligations for waste diversion (over a growing range of products/waste streams) back upon the producers/first importers/brand owners with little obligation other than diversion itself. Waste Management "Wild West" in Need of Diversion Expertise / Solutions It is anticipated that the producers will be seeking any number of solutions to discharge their IPR responsibilities for their substantial volumes of regulated waste. IPR only mandates the diversion of waste, but leaves open a variety of recovery and reutilization options previously precluded by the IFOs, but now made possible by the shift to market forces. Producers and related industry parties will be seeking environmentally-sound, yet market savvy strategies for their waste streams and, as North America's first IPR program, the experience and expertise from the European Union and elsewhere is highly valued in giving producers the assurance that waste diversion and environmental compliance will be achieved. As the IPR model will be replicated elsewhere in North America, the current Ontario model offers waste management participants with a rare opportunity to define the future.  This paper will look at the opportunities that a transition to IPR will mean for the waste management industry and their diversion strategies across various regulated waste streams in North America.

Biography:

Rusnam is a lecturer in the department of Agrilcultural Engineering Faculty of Agircultural Technology, Andalas University, Indonesia. His latest work is as a researcher in the fields soil and water engineering. His currents research is about related to agricultural water quality in the area of West Sumatera province, Indonesia. He is now teaching some subjects such as hidrology, soil and water conservation and environmental science.

Abstract:

This research was conducted on July – October 2013 about a mercury analysis which has been performed in Environmental Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Faculty, Andalas University. The level of mercury that is permitted by Government Regulation Republic Indonesia No. 82 of 2001 at the fourth grade for water is at 0.005 mg/l. In that analysis, mercury contents with 0.020169 mg/l at irrigated areas in Batang Hari River. This research aims to find out the ability of water lilies (Salvinia molesta), wood lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) to decrease the content of water level. This research used experimental methods and the initial content of heavy metals mercury (Hg) by using 0.02 mg/L, 0.06 mg/L, and 0.1 mg/L. The results at decreasing concentrations of heavy metals mercury will be compared with the quality standard of heavy metal mercury at the fourth grade of water. The result showed that water lilies (Salvinia molesta), wood lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) were able to fix the water quality for irrigation which contaminated heavy metal (Hg). Then, mercury concentration reached a quality standard for irrigation at early concentration 0.02 mg/L during the 15 days and at early concentration 0.1 mg/L during 35 days. From the analysis, it was found that Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is the best plant to decrease the concentration of heavy metals mercury.

Biography:

Abstract:

The objective of this research paper is to study about the waste tyre crumb rubber granules as a partially concrete replacement by different percentage of facing layer thickness and without facing layer in the production of rubber cement composite paver block. The physical properties of RCCRP compressive strength, flexural strength, abrasion strength density, and water absorption testing by the IS 15658:2006 method. This all physical properties are depending upon the ratio of crumb rubber uses. The result showed that the with facing layer at 15 mm, 25 mm,totally rubberized and without facing layer had little effect on compressive strength, flexural strength and abrasion resistance properties. The absorption of water is also important for the service life of the product. The crumb rubber paver block also performed quite well in both compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The rubber cement composite paver block is suitable for nonstructural purpose such as lightweight, easily installation for the walkway, sidewalk and playing area application.

Biography:

Nafiseh Dakhili has completed her Master at the age of 25 years from Iran University of Science and Technology with Thesis in Subject:  Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel’s Galvanizing Process by Pyro and Hydro Metallurgical Treatments and with GPA: 15.03 (out of 20). Then she works as Commercial Manager at Faragostar Altoon production and Commerce Company. She has 6 papers which presented at international conferences.

Abstract:

Zinc containing wastes/secondary's such as zinc ash, dross, flue dusts, sludge, residue etc. are generated in various chemical and metallurgical industries. The materials contain different level of impurities depending on the source. If zinc content material, like zinc ash and zinc slag, contains various amounts of chlorides like zinc chloride, zinc oxy-chloride, which comes from ammonium chloride and other chloride fluxes used by galvanizers, the chloride content has to be removed for the evaluation of this secondary resource for recovery as zinc metal or zinc oxide. The results (of the galvanizing slag’s treating that left after some pyrometallurgical presses) indicate that roasting at 800 °C for 30 min, followed by alkali washing treatment, at 70 °C for 45 min by 1/6 solid/liquid ratio and 1.5 times the stochiometric amount, will useful for chloride removal with 94% efficiency.

Biography:

Nafiseh Dakhili has completed her Master at the age of 25 years from Iran University of Science and Technology with Thesis in Subject:  Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel’s Galvanizing Process by Pyro and Hydro Metallurgical Treatments and with GPA: 15.03 (out of 20). Then she works as Commercial Manager at Faragostar Altoon production and Commerce Company. She has 6 papers which presented at international conferences.

Abstract:

Zinc containing wastes/secondary's such as zinc ash, dross, flue dusts, sludge, residue etc. are generated in various chemical and metallurgical industries. The materials contain different level of impurities depending on the source. If zinc content material, like zinc ash and zinc slag, contains various amounts of chlorides like zinc chloride, zinc oxy-chloride, which comes from ammonium chloride and other chloride fluxes used by galvanizers, the chloride content has to be removed for the evaluation of this secondary resource for recovery as zinc metal or zinc oxide. The results (of the galvanizing slag’s treating that left after some pyrometallurgical presses) indicate that roasting at 800 °C for 30 min, followed by alkali washing treatment, at 70 °C for 45 min by 1/6 solid/liquid ratio and 1.5 times the stochiometric amount, will useful for chloride removal with 94% efficiency.

Biography:

Peter Cherop is a Doctorate student in the Department of chemical engineering at Durban University of Technology. He holds a Master’s degree in chemical engineering from D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology. He has expertise in process control, optimisation and pollution control and has previously worked in the cement manufacturing industry as a process engineer. He has experience in teaching and research having worked as tutor and researcher in institutions of higher learning. His key areas of interest are waste management and environmental pollution control.

Abstract:

The global consumption of tyres has increased over the years. However a very small percentage of the total mass of waste tyres can be recycled or reused for other applications. Land-filling has been considered an option to address the problem of scrap tyres. However, large space is required and the reusable resources are wasted. This therefore has led to environmental and economic problem of the disposal of the huge mass of scrap tyres. Scrap tyre pyrolysis, which is basically the thermal decomposition in an oxygen-free atmosphere, can be potentially involved with the recovery of both energy and material. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) are the techniques commonly used to measure the mass loss kinetics associated with the vaporisation of materials during pyrolysis. Understanding the kinetics of pyrolysis is important in the optimisation design of industrial scale scrap tyre recycling. The purpose of this study was to determine the thermal degradation kinetics of scrap tyres by TGA/DTG, and to compare the apparent activation energy (Ea) and the pre-exponential factor (A) values calculated using   the Arrhenius, Coats–Redfern and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods. The experiments were conducted under a nitrogen atmosphere and a temperature range of 20°C to 600°C at different heating rates. The thermal decomposition started at an average temperature of 240°C and was complete at 480°C for the four heating rates. Results indicate that higher heating rates lead to greater mass losses. The average mass loss was 63.64 wt. %. The mean E_a values obtained by the different model free methods used were similar. However there was a variation in the pre-exponential factor values.

Biography:

Nafiseh Dakhili has completed her Master at the age of 25 years from Iran University of Science and Technology with Thesis in Subject:  Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel’s Galvanizing Process by Pyro and Hydro Metallurgical Treatments and with GPA: 15.03 (out of 20). Then she works as Commercial Manager at Faragostar Altoon production and Commerce Company. She has 6 papers which presented at international conferences.

Abstract:

Zinc containing wastes/secondary's such as zinc ash, dross, flue dusts, sludge, residue etc. are generated in various chemical and metallurgical industries. The materials contain different level of impurities depending on the source. If zinc content material, like zinc ash and zinc slag, contains various amounts of chlorides like zinc chloride, zinc oxy-chloride, which comes from ammonium chloride and other chloride fluxes used by galvanizers, the chloride content has to be removed for the evaluation of this secondary resource for recovery as zinc metal or zinc oxide. The results (of the galvanizing slag’s treating that left after some pyrometallurgical presses) indicate that roasting at 800 °C for 30 min, followed by alkali washing treatment, at 70 °C for 45 min by 1/6 solid/liquid ratio and 1.5 times the stochiometric amount, will useful for chloride removal with 94% efficiency.

Biography:

Nafiseh Dakhili has completed her Master at the age of 25 years from Iran University of Science and Technology with Thesis in Subject:  Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel’s Galvanizing Process by Pyro and Hydro Metallurgical Treatments and with GPA: 15.03 (out of 20). Then she works as Commercial Manager at Faragostar Altoon production and Commerce Company. She has 6 papers which presented at international conferences.

Abstract:

Zinc containing wastes/secondary's such as zinc ash, dross, flue dusts, sludge, residue etc. are generated in various chemical and metallurgical industries. The materials contain different level of impurities depending on the source. If zinc content material, like zinc ash and zinc slag, contains various amounts of chlorides like zinc chloride, zinc oxy-chloride, which comes from ammonium chloride and other chloride fluxes used by galvanizers, the chloride content has to be removed for the evaluation of this secondary resource for recovery as zinc metal or zinc oxide. The results (of the galvanizing slag’s treating that left after some pyrometallurgical presses) indicate that roasting at 800 °C for 30 min, followed by alkali washing treatment, at 70 °C for 45 min by 1/6 solid/liquid ratio and 1.5 times the stochiometric amount, will useful for chloride removal with 94% efficiency.

Biography:

Nafiseh Dakhili has completed her Master at the age of 25 years from Iran University of Science and Technology with Thesis in Subject:  Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel’s Galvanizing Process by Pyro and Hydro Metallurgical Treatments and with GPA: 15.03 (out of 20). Then she works as Commercial Manager at Faragostar Altoon production and Commerce Company. She has 6 papers which presented at international conferences.

Abstract:

Zinc containing wastes/secondary's such as zinc ash, dross, flue dusts, sludge, residue etc. are generated in various chemical and metallurgical industries. The materials contain different level of impurities depending on the source. If zinc content material, like zinc ash and zinc slag, contains various amounts of chlorides like zinc chloride, zinc oxy-chloride, which comes from ammonium chloride and other chloride fluxes used by galvanizers, the chloride content has to be removed for the evaluation of this secondary resource for recovery as zinc metal or zinc oxide. The results (of the galvanizing slag’s treating that left after some pyrometallurgical presses) indicate that roasting at 800 °C for 30 min, followed by alkali washing treatment, at 70 °C for 45 min by 1/6 solid/liquid ratio and 1.5 times the stochiometric amount, will useful for chloride removal with 94% efficiency.

Biography:

Nafiseh Dakhili has completed her Master at the age of 25 years from Iran University of Science and Technology with Thesis in Subject:  Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel’s Galvanizing Process by Pyro and Hydro Metallurgical Treatments and with GPA: 15.03 (out of 20). Then she works as Commercial Manager at Faragostar Altoon production and Commerce Company. She has 6 papers which presented at international conferences.

Abstract:

Zinc containing wastes/secondary's such as zinc ash, dross, flue dusts, sludge, residue etc. are generated in various chemical and metallurgical industries. The materials contain different level of impurities depending on the source. If zinc content material, like zinc ash and zinc slag, contains various amounts of chlorides like zinc chloride, zinc oxy-chloride, which comes from ammonium chloride and other chloride fluxes used by galvanizers, the chloride content has to be removed for the evaluation of this secondary resource for recovery as zinc metal or zinc oxide. The results (of the galvanizing slag’s treating that left after some pyrometallurgical presses) indicate that roasting at 800 °C for 30 min, followed by alkali washing treatment, at 70 °C for 45 min by 1/6 solid/liquid ratio and 1.5 times the stochiometric amount, will useful for chloride removal with 94% efficiency.

Biography:

Nafiseh Dakhili has completed her Master at the age of 25 years from Iran University of Science and Technology with Thesis in Subject:  Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel’s Galvanizing Process by Pyro and Hydro Metallurgical Treatments and with GPA: 15.03 (out of 20). Then she works as Commercial Manager at Faragostar Altoon production and Commerce Company. She has 6 papers which presented at international conferences.

Abstract:

Zinc containing wastes/secondary's such as zinc ash, dross, flue dusts, sludge, residue etc. are generated in various chemical and metallurgical industries. The materials contain different level of impurities depending on the source. If zinc content material, like zinc ash and zinc slag, contains various amounts of chlorides like zinc chloride, zinc oxy-chloride, which comes from ammonium chloride and other chloride fluxes used by galvanizers, the chloride content has to be removed for the evaluation of this secondary resource for recovery as zinc metal or zinc oxide. The results (of the galvanizing slag’s treating that left after some pyrometallurgical presses) indicate that roasting at 800 °C for 30 min, followed by alkali washing treatment, at 70 °C for 45 min by 1/6 solid/liquid ratio and 1.5 times the stochiometric amount, will useful for chloride removal with 94% efficiency.

Biography:

Nafiseh Dakhili has completed her Master at the age of 25 years from Iran University of Science and Technology with Thesis in Subject:  Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel’s Galvanizing Process by Pyro and Hydro Metallurgical Treatments and with GPA: 15.03 (out of 20). Then she works as Commercial Manager at Faragostar Altoon production and Commerce Company. She has 6 papers which presented at international conferences.

Abstract:

Zinc containing wastes/secondary's such as zinc ash, dross, flue dusts, sludge, residue etc. are generated in various chemical and metallurgical industries. The materials contain different level of impurities depending on the source. If zinc content material, like zinc ash and zinc slag, contains various amounts of chlorides like zinc chloride, zinc oxy-chloride, which comes from ammonium chloride and other chloride fluxes used by galvanizers, the chloride content has to be removed for the evaluation of this secondary resource for recovery as zinc metal or zinc oxide. The results (of the galvanizing slag’s treating that left after some pyrometallurgical presses) indicate that roasting at 800 °C for 30 min, followed by alkali washing treatment, at 70 °C for 45 min by 1/6 solid/liquid ratio and 1.5 times the stochiometric amount, will useful for chloride removal with 94% efficiency.

Biography:

Md Abdul Jalil is a Professor of Civil Engineering Department at Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh. He received his BSc in Civil Engineering in 1986 from BUET. He obtained his MSc in Civil Engineering in 1988 from the same university. He received his PhD in Civil Engineering in 1993 from Tokyo University, Japan under ADB Scholarship. He conducted Post-doctoral research on Water Management in Loughborough University, UK under Commonwealth Fellowship. He was appointed as a Lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering of BUET in 1986. He was promoted to the post of Assistant Professor in 1989. He became Associate Professor in 1996 and Professor in 2001. He has published over 36 papers upto now. His current research areas are biogas generation from solid wastes, water and wastewater treatment technologies, and rain water harvesing. He also works as a Consultant and completed over 45 important national development projects.

Abstract:

From the very beginning, Matuail landfill site was being used for crude dumping of solid waste of Dhaka City. Dhaka City Corporation decided to improve the dump site to a sanitary landfill and to design a new sanitary landfill at the acquired land adjacent to this site. A detail soil exploration was carried out and significant variation in soil strata was identified. A clay layer of 7.8–45 m was found having permeability in the order of 10-5 to 10-7 mm/s. The leachate of the landfill contained a number of pollutants in very high concentrations. Analysis of a water sample from a nearby tubewell revealed that a few parameters exceeded the drinking water quality standards. The pre-project environmental condition of the landfill site had the usual characteristics of an open dump site - filthy, smelly, and breeding ground of flies and mosquitoes. Oozing out leachate caused flooding of roads during rainy days and surface water pollution around the landfill site. Groundwater pollution potential was found to be very low. Local drainage congestion, filthy environment, breeding of flies and mosquito, obnoxious odor in the surrounding, fire hazards, air and noise pollution were some of the potential adverse environmental impacts during construction and operation phases of the landfill. Occupational health and safety of the workers at the landfill site including the waste pickers were of great concerns. Collection, treatment and safe disposal of excess leachate from the landfill site were given top priority to mitigate possible impacts on environment. Storm water drainage system was constructed around the landfill for efficient drainage of rainwater away from the landfill site. The peripheral slope was covered with thick clay layer. The decomposable fresh waste in each cell was covered by stabilized solid waste from the landfill site. A semi-aerobic system was installed to prevent accumulation of gases in the landfill. An effective environmental monitoring program was developed. The important landfill facilities of Matuail sanitary landfill were embankments, roads, platforms, storm water drainage system, leachate collection system, semi-aerobic system of waste stabilization, leachate treatment system, control building, weighbridge, car wash pool, flood light system, electrical sub-station and water supply and sanitation systems. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine design parameters to treat the leachate in aerated lagoons. The lagoons were designed as plug flow reactor. Sludge and treated effluent recycling to the waste dump was proposed as the disposal option. The construction of working road was started first, followed by new embankments, the civil structures in the control area, the flood lighting system, the drainage systems, roadway and platform, semi-aerobic system and finally the leachate treatment system. The major problems faced during the construction phase were related to working road, temporary platform, drainage system, new embankments and permanent platforms. The most severe problem was the failure of the new embankments at a number of sections. All these problems were solved by a critical analysis of each site specific problem and suggesting appropriate solution. As a result, the project was implemented successfully.

Biography:

Muscolo Adele graduated in Biological Sciences (MSc), has completed her PhD in Food Science at the age of 26 years at the Policlinic Federico II University of Naples, Italy. In 1988 she started is professional carrier as researcher at “Mediterranea” University of Reggio Calabria where she is still working as Full Professor in soil chemistry and ecology. Since 1990 she is reviewer for International Scientific Journals and since 2008 she is evaluator of projects for European Community, International Funding Research Agencies and Italian and Foreign Research Ministeries. She is chair of many Regional, National and International research projects.. She is examiner of international PhD dissertation. She published more than 180 papers in international journals with IF and has been serving as an editorial board member of many International Journals. She is Associate Editor for JFR.

Abstract:

In recent years, research is increasingly oriented towards the use of agronomic techniques to improve the productivity in terms of quantity and quality of products, promoting the conservation of natural resources, protecting the soil resource and reducing the environmental impact. In Mediterranean area, crop production is suffering mainly for the loss of soil fertility and the consequent massive use of expensive macro- and micro-nutrient inputs for which agriculture is almost totally dependent on imported products or on fertilizers produced with expensive industrial processes, which generates greenhouse gases (GHGs). In view of the above considerations, this study was conducted to determine the chemical characteristics of six composts obtained with organic wastes from different sources. The fertilizer power was assessed on soil and plant. Waste characteristics influenced the chemical properties of the compost much more than composting process. The obtained compost had a positive effects on soil with an increase in soil organic matter, nutrients, MBC, and bacterial and fungal population that differed in respect to compost features. The best result on soil, was obtained by using the compost produced with a mix of broadleaf vegetables. Regarding crop productivity, the data showed a specificity between crop and type of compost used.

Biography:

Masayuki HOJITO is a professor of Kitasato Univsersity, Towada, Aomori, Japan. His scientific career over 30 years has been based on Soil Science. He is coordinating the University Farm: The Yakumo Experimental Farm is located in southern Hokkaido and it is a unique practical farm, which has established a self-sufficient resource-recycling system. Fertilizers, chemicals or feeds from outside are completely restricted. The farm produces the Kitasato Yakumo Beef (with a Registered trade name) that is the first certified organic beef in Japan. The crucial factor in this process is the management of white clover. Chemical fertilizers are not used and only well-composted cow manure is applied onto the clover-mixed grasslands. Utilizing this method it has been demonstrated that organic and safe beef can be produced using a 370-hectare natural ecosystem without causing any environmental pollution. In essence this system demonstrates that solar energy produces beef.

Abstract:

Nutrient recycling should be effective at balancing nutrient flows in Japanese animal production. This means replacing imported feed with self-produced feed. The Yakumo Experimental Farm of Kitasato University has produced commercial beef under “organic” management, without the use of agricultural chemicals or imported feed, since 2005. Using a dataset obtained from 220 ha of grassland and 250 head of cattle over the 5 years from 2008 to 2012, we estimated nitrogen (N) flow. During 2011 and 2012, we measured grass production, cattle production (selling out), soil parameters, and atmospheric deposition (from precipitation and atmospheric ammonia concentrations). To determine N fixation by clover, we compared grass + clover plots with grass-only plots. Averaged over the period, N components on the 220 ha of grassland comprised 1952 Mg soil N stock, 3.2 Mg N yr⁻¹ in living livestock, 14.3 Mg N yr⁻¹ uptake by grass growth (including 8.6 Mg yr⁻¹ of N fixed by clover), 15.7 Mg N yr⁻¹ applied in composted manure, 1.7 Mg N yr⁻¹ in imported bedding material, 2.8 Mg N yr⁻¹ in deposition, and 1.41 Mg N yr⁻¹ in meat production. N in composted manure equaled about 0.8% of the huge soil N stock; N in grass production equaled about 0.7%, of which clover fixation supplied 60%; N deposition was not negligible; and N export by meat production was minor. These results show that on this organically managed farm, soil N stock increased gradually (by 8.6 Mg N yr⁻¹ [220 ha]⁻¹ = 39 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ = 0.44% of the soil N stock) and N export was small. Our findings show that it is possible to balance N inputs with N outputs in a beef cattle enterprise without the need for feed or fertilizers 

Biography:

Youn-Woo Lee has completed his PhD in 2004 from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA. He is a Professor in the School of Chemical Sciences of Seoul National University, Korea. He is exploring the use of supercritical fluids as environmentally acceptable alternatives to conventional solvents for chemical and physical process. The current areas of application for supercritical fluids are numerous and include particle design, material synthesis, chemical reactions, separations, recycling, and cleaning. He has over 180 publications and 30 patents. He is a member of Korea National Academy of Engineering since 2014. He has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of the J. of Supercritical Fluids and J. of CO2 utilization as well as an Associate Editor of Green Materials.

Abstract:

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) process appears to be a viable and effective technique for recovering metals and the destruction of hazardous organics in industrial chemical process wastewater. It is demonstrated that the integration of SWS and SCWO create synergetic effect. Wastewaters from Cu-plating process, acrylonitrile manufacturing plant, liquid crystal display (LCD) manufacturing plant, and terephthalic acid (TPA) manufacturing plant were treated by SCWO not only to decompose hazardous organic compounds but also to recover valuable inorganic materials. A SCWO process was developed for treating wastewater from TPA manufacturing process which contains many organic acids such as 4-carboxybenzyl aldehyde, terephthalic acid, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, p-tolualdehyde and p-toluic acid and inorganic compound such as cobalt and manganese acetate. During the supercritical water oxidation of organic acids, nano-particles of cobalt manganese oxide in situ formed in the reactor act as an oxidation catalyst to enhance the oxidation rate of organic acid so that one can either reduce reaction temperature or shorten residence time (Figure 1). Total organic carbon of wastewater was 37,480 ppm and was reduced to 200 ppm after reaction. Co-Mn catalyst in the TPA wastewater was recovered above 99% as cobalt manganese oxide and the size of Co-Mn oxide particles was ca. 260 nm. Figure 2 shows the commercial plant for treating TPA waste residue slurry by SCWO.

Figure 1: Schematic process flow for treating TPA waste by SCWO as well as recovery of catalysts

Figure 2: TPA waste residue slurry treatment plant by SCWO

Biography:

Ing. Lucía Pérez Amaro, PhD. has her expertise in Polymeric Materials Science and Technology. Dr. Perez Amaro, received her PhD. In 2008 (University of Concepción – Chile) and her master degree in Materials Engineering in 1999 (University Simón Bolívar – Venezuela). In particular, in the recent years (CNR- Italy) Dr. Pérez Amaro are gained expertise in the chemical modification of 2D nanostructured additives, their dispersion in polymeric matrices and the assessment of the ultimate properties of the final nanocomposite obtained. Her expertise also include, thermo-mechanical modification of polymer blends and composites, assessment the biodegradability of biodegradable and bio-based polymers modified with different functional additives, dispersion of oxo additives in polyolefin and their blends with biodegradable polymers, chemical recycling of aromatic polyester, functionalization of polyolefin and the assessment of their properties for water treatment applications.

Abstract:

The LMPE Lab is an Italian SME ranked as a start-up/spin-off of the National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM). It is located in the Technological Pole of the Capannori Town Hall at Segromigno in Monte (Lucca). The mission of LMPE, holding a consolidate scientific and technological background in polymers science and technology is aimed at implementing routes leading, within the framework of circular economy, to ZERO industrial waste processes or giving second safe life to the wastes generated in various industries of the district. The strategic approaches that will be applied in order to meet the objectives of clean industrial processes and utilize all the free energy content yet available in the wastes, will imply: 1) Design and production of environmentally friendly prototype polymeric formulations based on the wastes generated in the Capannori’s industrial district as raw materials and/or compatible fillers of biodegradable polymeric materials attained from fossil fuel feedstock as well as from agro industrial wastes. 2) In keeping with the expectations mentioned in the former point, attention will be posed onto full carbon backbone polymeric materials, holding an overall world market share higher than 50% in the production of relative short service life commodities. In particular, attention will be posed on the ways to impart to them propensity to biodegradation in different environmental compartments without compromising their eventual reutilization in recycling as second life raw material.

Biography:

Denise Espinosa is Associate Professor of the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of São Paulo. She has expertise in Materials and Metallurgical Engineering with projects on e-waste recycling, extractive metallurgy and hydrometallurgy. The Laboratory of Recycling, Waste Treatment and Extraction (LAREX) is a research center in the University of São Paulo focused in the areas of recycling, metal extraction and solid waste treatment.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: The growth of photovoltaic (PV) technology has been addressed recently as a concern from a waste management point of view. The complexity of PV waste is often overlooked given the environmental benefits of the technology in terms of reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, such wastes may contain metals that are highly hazardous for humans and the environment. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV modules employ indium-tin-oxide as transparent conductive oxide and its recovery could be advantageous from an economic perspective as well. Characterization studies covering flexible a-Si modules have not been published yet and hence this is the subject of this study. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: A flexible a-Si panel was subjected to thermal treatment to remove the proprietary, protective coating to allow SEM-EDS analysis. Different temperatures were used to identify when the coating would be released and what changes that temperature would bring in terms of layers of materials exposed. The module was then observed through a stereo microscope and SEM-EDS for investigation. TGA was also performed to identify possible organic content. Conclusion & Significance: Flexible amorphous solar modules are mainly comprised of metals. Steel is employed as backsheet, as noticed by iron and chromium in the SEM-EDS analysis. Germanium was identified, as expected, since a-SiGe is part of the semiconductor phase. Electrical contacts present were composed of copper and silver. Lastly, there was indium in the form of indium-tin-oxide as the transparent oxide conductor. All the materials identified are in accordance to production techniques described by manufacturers.

Biography:

Professor of Invertebrate Zoology at the departmemt of Zoology,Faculty of Science,Cairo University, since 1993, Interested in the conservation of the freshwater ecosystem as regard pollution and biological control of snail vectors of parasitic diseases. Published more than 50 papers and planed and supervised more than 60 M Sc and Ph D thesis at the Cairo Universty.

Abstract:

The present study was conducted to assess the accumulation of some metals ( Fe, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mg, Ca and Zn) in the Nile water and sediment, at four sites (Gezyrat Al- Warrak [site I], Manial Sheeha [ site II], Al- Hawamdia [ site III] and Helwan [ site IV], as well as in the exoskeleton, hepatopancreas , muscles and gills of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, collected from the same sites. The results obtained show that the different concentrations of the metals in the Nile water were in the descending order Mg>Zn>Fe>Cu>Mn>Pb>Cd, at all studied sites. Fe and Zn concentrations were higher than the permissible limits , while the remainder metals were within the allowable levels. Whereas, the concentrations of metals in the sediment showed different patterns according to their abundance in water. The abundance of these metals in the sediment was in the order Fe>Mg>Ca>Zn>Mn>Cu>Pb>Cd, at sites I and II, Fe>Mg>Ca>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cd>Pb, at site III and Mg>Fe>Ca>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cd>Pb, at site IV. Metal concentrations in the sediment were higher many folds than their values in the overlaying water. The bioconcentration factor ( BCF) of the metals in the exoskeleton and hepatopancreas of P. clarkii was in the descending order Fe>Mn>Cu>Mg>Zn>Ca>Cd>Pb. While, in the gills it was in the following arrangement Fe>Cu>Mn>Mg>Ca>Zn>Cd>Pb and in the muscles it was as follows: Fe>Cu>Mn>Mg>Ca>Zn>Cd>Pb. The concentration of the selected metals in the crayfish muscles were lower than the international permissible levels. Relative to the allowable limits for metals in foods, there was no sufficient accumulation of any of the detected metals to indicate that no significant health hazard would result from the consumption of the muscle parts of the animal. This study suggests also that P. clarkii may be used as bioindicator for trace metals pollution in the freshwater systems.

Biography:

Alexandr G. Anshits graduated in chemistry at Novosibirsk State University (1971), has completed his PhD (1974) and Doctor of Chemistry (1992) in oxidation catalysis, Professor of physical chemistry (1994). Head of the laboratory catalytic conversion of small molecules (from1981), vice-director (from 2001) of the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk. Under his supervision, methods for the separation of pure ferrospheres and cenospheres from fly ashes were developed. The composition‒structure‒property relationship was established for ferrospheres and cenospheres over a wide range of variations in their chemical composition. Effective microspherical functional materials for various fields of applications (highly selective microspherical membrane materials for the production of high-purity helium and hydrogen, catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane, cracking of heavy oil components, sensitizers of emulsion explosives, and highly effective composite sorbents for long-term isolation of radionuclides in mineral-like forms) were developed.

Abstract:

The multicomponent composition of coal power plant fly ashes is a serious limitation in their bulk utilization. Cenospheres, are one of the microspherical components of fly ash, which are potentially suitable for the development of materials for different purposes. In recent years, new functional materials were developed based on a detailed characterization of narrow fractions of cenospheres with specific composition and structure. Among these materials are highly selective microspherical membrane materials for the production of high-purity helium and hydrogen, highly effective composite sorbents for long-term isolation of radionuclides in mineral-like forms, magnetically controlled encapsulated pH-sensitive spin probes for the examination of biological objects, and sensitizers of emulsion explosives capable of replacing hollow synthetic microspheres. One of the promising directions is using cenospheres as highly selective membrane materials for the production of high-purity helium and containers for storage and transportation of hydrogen. It was established that the permeability coefficients for the glass phase of cenosphere shells from different fly ashes are directly proportional to the content of the glass-forming oxide SiO2 in it. The experimental values of the permeability coefficients significantly exceed those for homogeneous silicate glasses for helium and hydrogen by a factor of 3‒24 and 12‒111, respectively. This fact can be explained by an essential difference between the states of two types of glass phases formed under substantially different conditions. The homogeneous glasses are formed under long-term annealing conditions at a constant temperature. Thin shells of the cenospheres have a fragmentary structure, which was formed as a result of the coalescence of molten microdroplets (1.0–2.5 μm) of an aluminosilicate precursor under conditions of high temperature gradients. The glass phase of the cenospheres thus formed differs significantly from the homogeneous glass phase, primarily, by the free-space geometry, which has a critical influence on the process of gas diffusion.

Biography:

Paola Marini has her expertise in raw material characterization and treatment process. Her research concerns the physical mechanical tests of the stone material, the durability of ornamental rocks; recognition and restoration of stone materials, protected designation of origin of the stones, mineral processing , identification of minerals and asbestos in particular, and the processes of recovery of secondary raw materials. Investigations are carried out on the stone materials and aggregates, magnetic separation tests in fluid medium, gravimetric, comminution etc., and analysis for the recognition of asbestos fibers in MCA, soil and rock.

Abstract:

In Italy, the amount of glass waste reached in 2015 1.825.000 t, and 91% of this amount has been recycled. The remaining 9% that is to say 164.000 t in 2015 constitutes the waste of this process (Coreve, 2015). SASIL spa processes this waste obtaining a product named glassy sand that is now well accepted by the glass factories. In turn from this treatment SASIL generates a 3% of waste made of all the impurities usually present in a glass waste. The problem faced in this research is the recovery of the most of these impurities. The impurities are represented by ceramics, stones, magnetic and non-magnetic metals, paper, plastics, cork, oily residues, synthetic corks etc., which are not always easily removable. SASIL S.p.A. already built a treatment plant for the recovery of this waste but the its performances are not yet satisfactory. For this reason some samples were taken from different points of the plant in order to carry out particle size analysis and product characterization to define the composition of the waste and evaluate the efficiency of industrial treatments. The present work shows that the cullet waste material of scrap glass recovery treatments (waste3) is composed of exploitable product fractions with different particle sizes and physical (such as density , shape and resistance) properties. In the next step, laboratory tests were executed to achieve maximum separation efficiency and to valorise the different product fractions. On the base of laboratory results, a new treatment plant was designed and economic evaluation have been made. The materials to be trade as secondary raw materials (SRM) are about 87.5% of the total entering the plant and result to be glass, plastic lightweight, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, synthetic stoppers and cork stoppers.

Biography:

Nefise Erdincmer has graduated from Department of Biology of Hacettepe University. She started working at Environmental Measurements Laboratory of Dokuz Eylul University (DEU) as a Biologist. Besides, she obtained her Post-graduation in MSc from the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of DEU. Now she is pursuing her PhD in Marine Science and Technology Department in DEU.

Abstract:

The olive mill sector needs to put into practice new strategies for wastewater management that will reduce the environmental impact of its excessive water consumption and high dye and auxiliary chemical expenditures. The sector will be forced to develop an integrated waste management approach that involves the recycling of not only water but also consumable chemicals. Hydroxytyrosol is the main polyphenol naturally occurring in olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) either from two-phase or three-phase traditional and industrial mills. It is naturally occurring in virgin olive oil also in form of monoacetyl derivative which shows an antioxidant effect very close to the parent compound. Among the wide group of polyphenols, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid can be applied as natural antioxidant for cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the recoveries of the hydroxytyrosol, hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid were performed using sequential anaerobic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) and reverse ozmosis (RO) processes. After UASB treatment the effluent was acidified, filtered and vaporised at 30°C at a pressure of 1.7 A in an autoclave. The obtained oil was extracted with ethyl acetate. The hydroxytyrosol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid were purified with kiesel gel containing silica-gel and they were measured in a HPLC in an isocratic media using acetonitril/acetic acid/water mixture at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The final sequential RO membrane stages were carried out in a bench-scale cross-flow unit. Flat-sheet thin-film composite (TFC) RO consisted of a polyamide active layer on a polysulfone ultra-filtration support, with an active area of 200 cm2 was used for the reuse of treated water for process and land application since this treatment step maintaining the parametric values with regard to pH, EC, TSS, COD, total iron, ionic content and bacterial growth below the standard limits established for irrigation purposes.

Biography:

Milorad Cirkovic was a Chief Engineer for two decades in the primary production of copper in RTB Bor. In the Mining and Metallurgy Institute, he works on the projects for development of technologies for recycling of the polymetallic scrap, electronic waste and environment protection. He is the author of more than 100 scientific papers and 3 patents.

Abstract:

Permanent development of technology causes creation of a significant amount of the secondary raw materials which are increasingly used as the raw material base for many metals. Due to the fact that large amounts of metal are concentrated in waste materials with their high content, a great attention is given to this subject and, numerous technologies are developed on the world stage today for recycling of this waste. Natural deposits of these metals are increasingly poorer so that the deposits of Cu-Zn alloys represent a significant potential for valuation the basic metals. This work presents the results of laboratory and pilot studies of brass decomposition in order to produce the basic metals (Cu and Zn) from brass scrap, because it is an important raw material base for production of these metals. The pilot plant consists of a rotary smelting furnace, capacity of 5 t, and special plant for gas treatment. The aim of this experiment was to remove zinc and accompanying metals by processing of these alloys and to produce copper. The produced copper has the following chemical composition: 99.03% Cu, 0.45% Zn, 0.46% Pb and 0.04% Sn. The amount of removed slag is 2-2.5% of the amount of charged material, and slag has the following chemical composition: 27.5% Cu, 38.92% Zn, 2.93% Fe, 6.03% SiO2 and 4.35% Cu (oxide).

Biography:

Jonathan S. Cramer is a second year PhD student specialized in electrochemistry chemical engineering and material chemistry for applications in sustainable industries. During his Master studies he had the opportunity to work on topics such as: the durability of reinforced concrete building in the marine environment and the corrosion behaviour of hybrid aeronautic materials. Later on he focused on new alternative recycling processes destined to high value metallic wastes. Moreover, he worked as a research engineer on the set up of a molten salt electrochemical process for the recycling of super-alloys on end of life aircrafts. Now, as a PhD student, he investigates the implementation of a new thermal plasma process destined to the recycling of Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment (WEEE).

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Recycling processes are now widely recognized as one of the solutions against the primary mineral resources supply risk. The most developed countries are aware of this issue and aim to find innovative processes to recycle strategical metallic elements. The existing processes are pyro and/or hydrometallurgical processes, however they may face significant drawbacks. Within the framework of alternative new recycling processes, we use the thermal plasma media to perform extractive metallurgy. Indeed, the so-called 4th state of matter combines the properties of hydro and pyro-metallurgical processes in addition to its particular properties. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The selective extraction and recovery of desired metal in binary samples alloys (FeCu, CuSn) has been carried out by a 15kW enhanced plasma process. The enhancement lies in the modification (additives) and the control of the hot plasma chemical reactivity and temperature. The liquid alloy mass transport is also studied and controlled (by a DC bias) in order to understand the plasma-alloy interface and optimize the extraction. The extracted elements are transported by the plasma flow and recovered by condensation on a capture plate. Findings: The understanding and the control of the plasma-alloy interface led to the selective extraction of the desired elements with a high purity. Some plasma thermodynamic tools have been conceived to improve the selectivity and extraction rate. Multiple diagnosis tools (OES, LIBS, DRX, ICP…) are employed in-situ and ex-situ so that an extraction mechanism can be proposed. Conclusion & Significance: The thermal plasma is a suitable media for metallurgical processes. In this project we used a customizable and controllable thermal plasma process to selectively extract and recover metal from binary alloy (Cu,Sn…), with the further objective to recycle strategic metals from more diverse and complex matrices.

Biography:

Md. Abdul Jalil is a Professor of Civil Engineering Department at Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh. He received his BSc in Civil Engineering in 1986 from BUET. He obtained his MSc in Civil Engineering in 1988 from the same university. He received his PhD in Civil Engineering in 1993 from Tokyo University, Japan under ADB Scholarship. He conducted Post-doctoral research on Water Management in Loughborough University, UK under Commonwealth Fellowship. He was appointed as a Lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering of BUET in 1986. He was promoted to the post of Assistant Professor in 1989. He became Associate Professor in 1996 and Professor in 2001. He has published over 36 papers upto now. His current research areas are biogas generation from solid wastes, water and wastewater treatment technologies, and rain water harvesing. He also works as a Consultant and completed over 45 important national development projects.

Abstract:

The results of this study on the type and quantity of solid waste generated in a rural vegetable and cattle market, and biogas generation from the waste are presented in this paper. The market waste was collected; individual items were separated and measured on both normal days and haat days. During a normal day, it was found that very insignificant amount of waste was generated. But on a haat day, a large amount of waste was found to be generated. On an average, the amount of easily biodegradable waste was 589 kg out of the total waste of 1004 kg on a haat day. Cow dung, fish, ginger, cursed lobe, guava and banana leaves were the major biodegradable wastes. Other biodegradable wastes were goat dropping, bitter melon, pointed gourd, dhundul and brinjal. The total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) of the biodegradable portion of the market waste were determined and were found to be 17.94% and 13.87% respectively. Laboratory experiments were run order to generate biogas in anaerobic digesters using the same composition of the market waste. They were placed in a large closed chamber and room heaters were used to maintain the temperature of the chamber at a constant value. One set of batch experiments and another set of daily feed experiments were carried out. In the first set of experiments, 500 g and 750 g waste added in 2 digesters separately and inoculum was added to make the effective volume of 2.1 L for each digester. The experiments were operated for 46 days and the average temperature was found to be 34.7°C. In the second set of experiments, one digester was initially fed with 750 g waste having the effective volume of 2.2 L. Another twochambers (connected in series) digester was initially fed with 750 g waste having the effective volume of 3 L. Then the daily feed was 18.75 g waste mixed with 20 mL of water with dispensing 40 mL slurry from the digester. The experiments were run for 40 days and the average temperature was 35.1°C. The results of the 1st set of experiments revealed that the daily biogas generation rates were 0.22 and 0.48 m3/m3 of digester volume for the concentrations of waste as 0.238 and 0.357 kg/L respectively for 40 days retention time, and the respective rates of biogas producton were 0.30 and 0.40 m3/kg of VS added. The results of the 2nd set of experments revealed that the daily production of biogas was 0.44 and 0.37 m3/m3 of the digester volume for the one-chamber digester and two-chamber digester respectively. But in terms of per kg VS added, the average daily gas generation rates were 0.185 m3 and 0.212 m3 for the respective digesters.

Biography:

I am an engineer and expert in environment and sustainable development. During my 20-year career, I have been involved in all aspects of administrative and technical management of environmental issues in my area. I first started in the administrative sector, where I had the chance to be involved in the development projects development and management program. I have not only witnessed the advancement of development towards modern facilities such as technical landfills, recycling and composting facilities, and wastewater recycling, but it also gave me the opportunity Learn more and develop my own skills.

Abstract:

Algeria is in the category of poor water resources according to the scarcity threshold set by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) or the World Bank at 1,000 cubic meters per capita per year. It is currently estimated at 500 m3 and will be only 430 m3 in 2020, according to projections made by the UN. (Source MRE). So she can not turn the Back to this Opportunity and reuse this purified or naturally purified wastewater considering these COMMITMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. Algeria has all the keys to a successful transition and to control the quality of wastewater uses. It is necessary to recognize that scientific knowledge helps in the integrated and sustainable management Scientifically "To each use of the water its adapted source. Gout Ideal! Ideal for Health, Ideal for Soil, Ideal for Finished Product Cheap and sustinabl Assured. The "ideal drop" is the guarantee for each context of an optimal and specific technology (expected quality and quantity of water, storage, irrigation mode ...). It must also lead to economic and social profitability while preserving risks to health, agronomy and the environment. Treating water excessively kills the profitability of agricultural projects. Conversely, poor control of the risks would lead to failures jeopardizing the future of the reuse of Domestic wastewater. The reflection on treatment must be carried out from the downstream of the water chain and the water must be treated according to the use that is made of it. Irrigators and water caterers are then obliged to work in synergy and seek the best compromise, ideal gout and share best the benefits.

Biography:

Zahra Balador, PhD student of architecture. She has received bachelor of architectural engineering from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2010, Master of Energy and Architecture from University of Tehran in 2015. Also she has been the Energy consultant and designer at University of Tehran Civil and Architecture Home, Lecturer of building energy analysis soft wares in the Academy of Architecture institute, Researcher at Office of Sustainability of Amirkabir University, Head of the energy community in the Institute of young architects and urban designers, Lecturer of undergraduate courses, University of Applied Science and technology, Tehran, She passed the Internship at UN-Habitat, United Nations Human Settlements Program. She has working Experience in Architectural Companies and the membership of many architectural and sustainable societies such as Generation Zero, Plastic Diet, Iranian Architecture Center Institute, Academy of Architecture Institute, Arch House Institute, Construction Engineering Organization of Tehran, Office of Sustainability, Amirkabir University of Technology.

Abstract:

Building insulation material as a building element will play a role in the building energy performance and the environmental footprints, since the building envelop greatly have influence on the energy efficiency of the building. The growing need for sustainable materials has urged researchers to find some insulation materials as well as other building materials which have lower burden on the environment, e.g. natural, or recycled materials. Some of the building materials which are in their early stage are building insulations made from agricultural by-products, because they are biodegradable, sustainable and recyclable. There are some examples such as Kenauf which are in the competitive market. But there is a long way for the other alternatives of bio-based insulation materials to go to the market, because their characteristics are not known completely yet. This study aims to show which parts of their characteristics and behaviors need more attention and further research to make these alternatives more reliable and competitive, and change this idea that insulations are always petrochemical materials. This study by reviewing the literature and classifying the researches on the unconventional insulation materials into different categories, e.g. thermal, acoustical, structural, environmental behaviors, will reveal the hotspots of this procedure, and make further researches in this field easier.

Biography:

Prior to heading Tawazon, a core unit of Qalaa Holding, an African leader in infrastructure and industry, Dr. Hisham Sherif was the CEO of Engineering Tasks Group (ENTAG) and the Egyptian Company for Solid Waste Recycling (ECARU). He led both companies — which are now subsidiaries of Tawazon — in Biomass management projects (collection, transportation and treatment) for producing Biomass derived fuel (BDF), animal feed, and compost. Dr. Sherif previously served as a lecturer in the Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering of Minya University. As a leading expert in local and international procurement laws and procedures governing licensing, imports and joint ventures he assisted over 30 municipalities in nine countries in upgrading MSW treatment and disposal projects. Furthermore, he helped direct planning, construction and operation of new MSW sorting, composting, and production of refused derived fuel (RDF) and landfilling projects across the region. He has attended numerous national and international conferences in the field of municipal solid waste, biomass, alternative fuel and energy management and technologies. Dr. Sherif holds Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees from the Chemical Engineering Department at Minya University, and a PhD in Chemical Engineering, jointly supervised by Minya University and Strathclyde University in Glasgow, Scotland.

Abstract:

Biography:

M Sulyman was born in 1976. He got his MSc. degree in 2008 from Academy of Graduate Studies and the B.Sc. degree in 2000 from Al-Mergheb University in the field of chemical engineering in Libya. Currently he is a PhD student at Polymer Technology Department, Gdansk University of Technology in Poland. His interests of research are environmental and polymer engineering. His main research is asphalt polymer blend using polymer waste materials. Additional interest work is wastewater treatment using green adsorbents prepared from agricultural by-products/wastes

Abstract:

Presently, oil spill pollution is still one of the important issues worldwide, due to their environmental and economic issues. It also remains a challenge to the environment scientists and technologist. Currently, there are many superior oil recovering materials in the market. However, because they are costly and cannot be recycled repeatedly, the emergency oil recovery operation at oil spills has its own oil-saturated wastes that require expensive post-treatment, adding tremendous cost to the oil recovery process. So, the use of potential and low cost, as well as an environment friendly sorbents instead of conventional adsorbent material is still necessary. Nowadays, natural and synthetic sorbents are applied for oil spill cleanup due to their availability, rapid and cost saving characteristics, eco-friendliness and reduced environmental effects, which are one of the main challenges in commercial manufacturing. However, there are several works that have been conducted to use natural and synthetic adsorbent materials such as kenaf fiber, sugarcane bagasse, crumb rubber, polyurethane foam, polypropylene fiber and silica nanopowder, in the removal of oils from water-oil system. In this study, recycled textile fiber obtained from used tires (TF) has been selected as low cost adsorbent for oily wastewater treatment using static system. Crude oil and used corn oil were selected as a model of petroleum and non-petroleum oils, respectively. The effect of operational parameter such as contact time and sorbent dose on the sorption capacity and oil removal efficiency during sorption system were investigated. The evaluation of sorbent efficiency for only oil uptake, which is called “dry system”, was also studied. Compressed textile fiber using mechanical de-vulcanization method to remove oil from the layer oil system was also studied using oil layer bath. From analytical point of view, each experiment was performed three times under the same conditions and the average results were taken. Based upon the experimental results of this study, following results are obtained: The maximum adsorption capacity and removal percentage for 1 g sorbent in 50 ml water containing 4.62 g of used cooking oil and crude oil using 150 ml glass beakers were found to be 4.33 g/g and 94% for cooking oil, and 4.5 g/g and 97.4% for crude oil respectively at sorption temperature of 5oC; adsorption capacity for dry system was also evaluated for both oils and maximum adsorption capacity was obtained about 17 g/g for used cooking oil, and 25.7 g/g for crude oil which reached duration of 72 hr; regeneration results of the fiber sorbent showed that reuse of recycled textile fiber for three times is possible without a reduction in oil sorption capability; although the compressed TF showed less sorption capacity than uncompressed fiber, but also showed that it could be used for the storage and transport of recovered oil and the adsorbed oil does not leaches out at room temperature; and finally, the results also indicate that TF can be used without activation and any chemical previous treatment for oil spill cleanup.

Biography:

Leeke is Chair in Chemical Engineering and Head of the Bioenergy and Resource Management Centre at Cranfield University, UK. His research interests lie in the areas of recycling enabling technologies and resource efficiency. He has expertise in high pressure engineering and thermo-chemical processing, specifically in reaction engineering, separation technology, flow reactors, and their applications to polymer/composite processing and remanufacture, mixed plastic waste and the circular economy.  He leads the EXHUME project in the UK  investigating the deconstruction of fibre reinforced composites. Gary sits on the Composites Leadership Forum Sustainability Working Group for Composites UK.

Abstract:

Plastic is notoriously difficult to recycle – if plastic packaging is considered only 14% is collected for recycling, and only 5% of material value is retained for subsequent use. Plastics that are recycled tend to be down-cycled and are not recyclable after use. Other routes include incineration or landfilling.  Situations are made worse by the high cost of collection and the lack of recycling plants that deal with them. Globally, it is estimated that 32% of plastics are not collected and escape into natural systems. If a position of resource efficiency is adopted, solutions are needed to process waste plastic so that value added products can be obtained. These would ease the strain on landfill sites, and produce an output that could be sold at profit. 

A solution proposed by Recycling Technologies Ltd (RT) is to convert end-of-life mixed plastic into a substitute crude oil that can be used as a source of valuable hydrocarbons.  Challenges arise from the heterogeneity of feedstock that has variable composition and impurities such as water and biomass. A number of products can potentially result, in particular naphtha which can be used as a polymer feedstock to produce new materials, and therefore helping to address the circular economy issue around plastic waste.  Other products include heavy fuel oil which has the advantage of being Ultra Low Sulphur [S<0.02%]), gas-oil and other tailored products. The presentation highlights the pyrolysis technology developed by RT and some of the challenges to convert end-of-life mixed plastic into value-added hydrocarbon products.

Biography:

Zhao Xueyong has been engaged in desertification research since 1987 and carried out research and demonstration of techniques for sustainable desertification reversion and resource use for promoting poverty relief in Horqin Sandy Land of Inner-Mongolia, which is an agro-pastoral transitional region experienced severe desertification in the period of 1950-1980s and reversion since 1990s, but challenged by reduction of water availability and stagnated economic growth. Due to his contribution to combating desertification and poverty relief, he is granted with "Award for successful Saving the Dryland" by UNEP and "Award for Promoting Science and Technology Development" by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and Inner-Mongolia Government.

Abstract:

The agro-pastoral transitional zone in northern China refers to a region along the isohyets line of 380 mm annual precipitation in northern China and covers about 8.5*105 km2 and a transitional zone from nomadic land use to growingly intensified cropping land use. In the past 50 years, this region went through a severe desertification period from 1950s-1980s mainly due to cropland invasion and over-grazing driven by population increase. Since early 1990, desertification has been reversed, however, the reversion rate has been decreased and water availability reduced, characterized by lake shrinkage, river drying-up and underground water table reduction. As a result, natural and planted trees and bushes of large area died of drought and came into a challenge to land restoration and local economic development. Therefore, there come to a common consensus that promotion of recycling material use, including water and organic matter from agro-pastoral activities, for degraded land restoration and economic development in the agro-pastoral transitional zone. Since 2011, a series of experiment have been carried out on selection of fiber decomposers, techniques for fast decomposition of organic matter of stalks, manures and residues after animal feeding, mixed with sand and/or bentonite for re-production of animal feeding, granulate organic fertilizer and soil ameliorant, etc.. Eight decomposers of fungi were cultured for fast decomposition of organic matter, and a trial production line was industrialized for producing semi-fermented livestock feedings, organic fertilizer, and organic mixture for shifting sand fixation and soil improvement (photo 1). The trial production line is of a capacity to produce organic mixture to successfully fix 200 ha of shifting sand dunes and animal feedings of 50-60 t annually. It is expected that this technique will be fully developed and utilized in a larger scale for desertified land restoration and employment of more labors.

Biography:

Katie Patrick is an AustralianAmerican environmental engineer, designer and computer programmer. Her company, Hello World Labs creates datadriven, gamification and behaviorchange solutions to the world’s biggest problems. She is the creator of the behavior change game and Youtube channel Detrashed, the author of Detrash Your Life in 90 Days The Art of Zero Waste Living and the creator of Zerowastify an app designed to better measure municipal solid waste. Katie has been a media spokesperson on environmental issues and has been featured regularly on TV, radio and in print publications including Vogue Australia. She was CEO of the VCfunded greenlifestyle magazine Green Pages Australia and was appointed environmental brand ambassador by the Ogilvy Earth advertising agency for Volkswagen, Lipton Tea and Wolfblass Wines. She has served on the board of Australia’s national eco label, Good Environmental Choice Australia, and won the Cosmopolitan Woman of the Year Award for entrepreneurship. After graduating from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology with a B.Eng in Environmental Engineering, she worked as an environmental design engineer for building engineers Lincoln Scott in Sydney on some of the world’s first platinumLEEDcertified commercial buildings. Katie lives in San Francisco with her 15monthold daughter Anastasia.

Abstract:

You may have heard the saying, “If you can’t measure it, it probably doesn’t exist.” This talk is about measuring what we want to change and getting really good at changing it. Simply disclosing data has enormous potential to catalyze change. We will peek into the surge in new data being collected in smart cities by satellites, drones and sensors, and the exciting start ups using this data for environmental change. We will ask the questions “What are you measuring and how are you measuring it?” and “What will this future world look like when you have have achieved your goal?” I will reveal the surprising power of behaviorchange and gamification techniques like using pledges, leaderboards, awards, progress bars and smileys. I will show how to use these features as parts of a feedback loop of real environmental data, exploiting the c oncept of agency (motivation) in game design. This will lead to the overarching principle of cybernetic ecology, in which a feedback loop exchanges information between nature and machines. I teach a practical howto of communitybased social marketing, based on the principle of social diffusion, and why it is essential to incorporate narrative design when selling sustainable behaviors. My talk will end with fun ideas we can

Biography:

Li Guangming has completed his PhD at the age of 27 years from East China Institute of Chemical Technology. He is Professor of College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University. He has published more than 100 papers in environmental science and technology and has been serving as the Water and Environmet Journal editorial board membership.

Abstract:

Since 21 centruy waste electric and eletronic equipment (WEEE) has appeared into public concerning as wel as sustainable development concepts has been accepted by public communities. Environmental issues and resouring benefits from WEEE have promoted to improve management system and innovation technology. In order to deal with the illegal imports of WEEE, China has promulgated many laws and regulations to restrict and prohibit the import of WEEE, including multilateral environmental agreements. After that, the relevant policies and regulations on the management and processing of WEEE have been formulated in accordance with the national conditions in China. On July 1, 2012, China has issued the Management Regulation of Collection and Use of the WEEE Disposal Fund to support the enterprises which have obtained the qualification of a WEEE disposal enterprise for recovering WEEE. At present, The well-established domestic WEEE recycling and resource processing enterprises are generally equipped with the automatic television dismantling line, cathode ray tube (CRT) hot blast system, non-metallic powder regeneration system, precious-metal electrolytic recycling system, cartridges resource recycling system, printed circle board (PCB) seperation system, computer dismantling line, automatic refrigerator dismantling line, air conditioner dismantling line, foam compressor, washing machine dismantling line, etc. Some new technologies for smart phones, lithium ion batteries and liquid crystal display panels (LCD) recovery have been developing. Ecodesign, urban mining and intergrated interprises for minmum environment impact in production and consumption of electric and electronic equipment has been concerned.

Biography:

Pravin Kannan completed his PhD from Tennessee Technological University, USA and is currently a Research Associate at The Petroleum Institute in Abu Dhabi. His main research interests includes Waste management, Kinetic modeling, Multi-scale modeling of transport processes using Cellular Automata, Semiconductor wafer processing, and polymer degradation. He has published numerous articles in reputed journals and has been serving as a reviewer for many international journals

Abstract:

Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process was originally developed for producing synthetic petroleum substitute from coal and liquid fuels. Carbonaceous materials, like plastics can be considered a potential feedstock resource for synthetic fuel production. The molar ratio of H2:CO should be closer to 2 in the FT feedstock in order to achieve maximum yield of product alkanes. The objective of this work is to investigate conversion of waste plastics into synthesis gas with composition and properties suitable for Fischer Tropsch applications. The product gas composition depends on a variety of factors including waste composition, gasification temperature, and composition of the gasification medium (CO2 and steam blends). The goal is to optimize these parameters such that the product gas meets the above mentioned specifications for FT synthesis. A thermodynamic model developed earlier in Aspen Plus for steam gasification of LDPE [] was extended to include mixture of different plastics (oxygenated and non-oxygenated) and gasifying medium blends. The gasifier was modeled as a Gibbs free reactor and the simulation was performed at isothermal conditions of 700, 900 and 1100 ËšC. Preliminary results analyzed at carbon boundary point indicate favorable process conditions for producing syngas and complete carbon conversion. A sensitivity analysis on the process parameters would be also presented and discussed.

Biography:

Jorge Loredo is Doctor Mining Engineer by the University of Oviedo (Spain) and Mining Geologist by Paris School of Mines (France). Has his expertise in mining wastes and environmental assessment in abandoned mine sites. Currently is Professor at the Department of Mining Exploration and Exploitation of the University of Oviedo (Spain). He has been Leader researcher in national and international research projects in the field of mining wastes assessment and management.

Abstract:

It is universally accepted by companies and administrations that the development of the extractive industry must be made in equilibria with the protection and conservation of the environment. Currently, a compromise between the exploitation of the mineral resources and the environmental protection is possible and this compromise must be reached in the framework of the applicable existing normative, taking into account the particularities of the mining activities themselves. In this context, the compromise between the exploitation of the mineral resources and the environmental protection must be contemplated by the inclusion of the environmental aspects into the all phases of the project, from the initial prospective phase to the closure phase at the end of the life of the mine, applying designs and preventive measures or in other case corrective impact measures, and incorporating to the project the environmental recuperation of the lands at the end of the project life. In this industry, the most important affections to the environment are associated to the mining wastes, then, the current philosophy in this matter is based in the principles of prevention, hierarchy, responsibility and application of the best available techniques, in order to diminish the wastes generation, to decrease the content in dangerous substances and to facilitate the recycling and valorisation of the generated wastes, by the transition to a more circular economy, where the products, the materials and the resources maintain long time in the productive cycle and the wastes generation will be reduced in origen.

Biography:

Diego Piazza has graduation at Tecnologia em Polímeros from Universidade de Caxias do Sul (2007), master's at Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais from Universidade de Caxias do Sul (2011) and doctorate at Engineering from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (2016). He is currently professor mestre (assistente) nível ii at Universidade de Caxias do Sul. He is currently a professor at the University of Caxias do Sul and has held the position of coordinator of the Polymer Technology Undergraduate Course at UCS from 2011 to 2016. He works in the field of polymer nanocomposites, coatings, materials recycling and the processing of polymeric materials by Injection, extrusion, thermoforming and rotomoulding. Participates in the UCS Entrepreneurship program. Integrates the group of researchers with The Ocean Cleanup (Holland) in the study of degradation and recovery of polymers from the marine environment. He has experience in the area of project development and research in the field of materials science and engineering, with emphasis on polymers, polymer materials processing, polymer nanocomposites, organic coatings, intelligent inks, powder paints, and materials recycling.

Abstract:

One of the major environmental problems is the issue of the contamination of marine fauna and flora. Animals are prone to death by strangulation when trying to feed, involuntarily, on polymer waste present in this environment1. Most of the plastic debris present on the coast has its origin on the inappropriate disposal2. This work aims at studying and developing a methodology for the recycling of polymers present in coastal ecosystems, comparing their properties with commercial polymers. The polymers used in the development of this work were collected at the beach of Torres/Brazil with the help of the Praia Limpa Torres team, in September, 2015. 169.0 kg of waste were collected, from which 20.8 were polymers. The presence of higher amounts of PE and PP is highlighted. After clean and dried, they were ground in a knife mill. The resulting product had an average particle size distribution of 20 mm and was separated according to different densities. Afterwards the polymers were extruded in a single-screw extruder at the temperature profile of 170/185/200°C for PE and obtained by injection, and then submitted to the flexural strength (ASTM D790), and melt flow index (performed under 190°C, 5Kg and 20s for PE; 230°C, 2.16 kg and 10s UCS; Grupo Brinox/Coza; Praia Limpa/Brazil. for PP) tests.

Biography:

Sunjung Kim currently works as a professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering in the University of Ulsan, Korea. He has expertise in the application of electrochemistry theories and experiments to various industrial fields including urban mining, mining resources development, secondary battery, microelectronics, optoelectronics etc. He obtained a M.S. and a Ph.D. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in USA after receiving a B.S. from Seoul National University in Korea. He has 4-year working experience in Samsung Electronics and LG Electronics before joining the faculty of the University of Ulsan in 2008.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Research on the recovery of heavy metals in rare earth element (REE) mine wastewater and the treatment of harmful substances have been actively carried out in order to reduce environmental pollutions and generate valuable REE-based resources. However, studies on electrolytic REE recovery directly from REE mine wastewater are very lacking because the content of REE metals contained in the wastewater is considerably low compared with its process cost and more importantly it is known that REE ions are very difficult to be electrochemically reduced to REE metals due to very low redox potentials. Findings: In this study, we propose a high-efficiency, low-cost REE recovery technology from REE mine wastewater, which is being developed using the principle of electrolytic recovery in an aqueous solution. Electrowinning of erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb) and thulium (Tm) among REEs was studied using acidic chloride solutions, and the influence of its process parameters on the chemical composition and metallurgical phases of reduced REE-based deposits was also investigated.

Biography:

Diego Piazza has graduation at Tecnologia em Polímeros from Universidade de Caxias do Sul (2007), master's at Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais from Universidade de Caxias do Sul (2011) and doctorate at Engineering from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (2016). He is currently professor mestre (assistente) nível ii at Universidade de Caxias do Sul. He is currently a professor at the University of Caxias do Sul and has held the position of coordinator of the Polymer Technology Undergraduate Course at UCS from 2011 to 2016. He works in the field of polymer nanocomposites, coatings, materials recycling and the processing of polymeric materials by Injection, extrusion, thermoforming and rotomoulding. Participates in the UCS Entrepreneurship program. Integrates the group of researchers with The Ocean Cleanup (Holland) in the study of degradation and recovery of polymers from the marine environment. He has experience in the area of project development and research in the field of materials science and engineering, with emphasis on polymers, polymer materials processing, polymer nanocomposites, organic coatings, intelligent inks, powder paints, and materials recycling.

Abstract:

PLA and PLA with triacetin (5wt%) and buriti fiber (30wt%) designed as PLA/B/T were extruded in a single-screw extruder. The product was milled, dried and compression molded in a press for 60 seconds, at 180°C to prepare test specimens with dimensions 200 mm x 100 mm and 1 mm thickness. The simulated marine environment used is provided with 7 lamps (250W) simulating ultraviolet rays. Withdrawal of samples was performed after 15, 30, 45, 60, 100 and 600 days of exposure. The morphological characterization of the sample surface was performed in a SEM. Analyses of chemical changes were monitored by FTIR, on prepared films by the KBr pellet method, in the wave number range of 4000 to 400 cm-1. Lactic acid index (ILA) was calculated as the ratio between band surfaces A1 (3200 cm-1) and A2 (750 cm-1), which is considered a PLA band.

Biography:

Lavee holds a PhD in Public Economics from the Ben-Gurion University, an MA in Economics and an MBA in Business Administration and Economics from the Hebrew University. Prof. Lavee is a member of the Department of Economics and Management at Tel-Hai Academic College. He also serves as a partner and general manager of Pareto Group Ltd. He is a well-known expert with over 22 years of experience in economic and environmental consulting, financial advisory and strategic consulting in various fields, including issues related to economic efficiency and the periphery. He has extensive experience in managing complex projects and large-scale environmental economic consulting and conducting projects for the public and government sectors, including government ministries, local authorities, government corporations and public agencies

Abstract:

Demand uncertainty may be a significant barrier for firms to enter the market. This study suggests that an establishment of a monopole which absorbs demand uncertainty by commitment to determine a long-term stable price, may be efficient by reducing the uncertainty level. An economic model examines the social welfare consequences of establishing such a monopsony in the waste recycling market in Israel. The model provides a good description of many other markets with high entry cost and price volatility. The results show that an establishment of a monopsony in the waste recycling market could be an efficient process from a social welfare perspective (welfare increasing); this depends on the market's uncertainty level and the technological changes resulting from eliminating uncertainty. In the case study shown in Israel, creating a regulation that allows larger municipalities to sell the waste at competitive prices (international market prices) and allows small municipalities to recycle at a monopsony price, will lead to improved social welfare. The novelty of this study stems from the proof that a monopsony may increase the market size in markets with high levels of uncertainty, thus increasing the consumers benefit. A monopsony creates "certainty benefits" by reducing the risk premium arising from price fluctuations and the entrance of new players, and although it gains excessive profits, the benefit of reducing uncertainty may be greater than the loss of a monopolistic exploitation.

Biography:

Nurlidia Mansor has an interest in green materials for environmental sustainability. Together with her research team she has lead national and international grants on harnessing the potential of natural products as sustainable solutions. She also has an interest in remediation technologies particularly phytoremediation as clean-up solutions for polluted soil due to anthropogenic activities. Dr. Mansor is currently attached to the Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia and is a core member of the Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Urea fertilizer is one of the most used form of fertilizer worldwide. Upon application to soil however, up to 60% will be lost to the environment via ammonia volatilization. Apart from contributing to greenhouse gasses, this phenomena reduces the efficiency of urea fertilizers as well depletes nutrient availability for plant uptake. The introduction of urease inhibitors or fertilizer additives was able to address this problem and some commercially available products claims to be able to reduce volatilization of up to 70% for a certain period of time. Nevertheless, current urease inhibitors available in the market have been shown to cause plant stress such as leaf-tip scorch, chlorosis and necrosis. The toxicity towards certain type of plants and in some reports causes side effect to users has also raised safety concerns. Therefore, a non-chemical based source of inhibitor is needed to address this issue. Studies on natural based inhibitors have found positive potential in inhibiting ammonia volatilization by blocking the site of the urease enzyme and thus temporarily inhibiting the reaction. During the inhibition period, urea fertilizer are able to travel deeper into the soil while maintaining its nutrient content until the inhibition period ends. Within the soil matrix, urea is able to be disperse efficiently as N source to plants once the inhibitory effect ends. Some studies have reported active inhibitory compounds within several natural products such as neem, garlic, cabbage, guava and others. However, these studies focused on the application in pharmaceutical studies. In agriculture, the inhibitory potential of natural based products is still lacking in information. Thus, this study looks into the potential of using agriculture waste from guava plantation with active inhibitory compounds to be used for the purpose of urea fertilizer enhancement. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Extraction of active compounds from guava agriculture waste will be conducted to analyze its inhibitory potential as well as to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration. Urea activity in soil will be measured to determine the inhibitory reaction of the natural based inhibitor with soil urease. Natural-based inhibitors will be compared with chemical-based inhibitors in its trending to determine the potential for soil urease application. Findings: The study found that the extract from agriculture waste showed potential of inhibition towards soil urease although the level of inhibition is lower than the chemical-based inhibitor. Nevertheless, the natural based inhibitors showed improved inhibition compared to the controlled samples indicating reduction in ammonia volatilization. Conclusion & Significance: The study shows the potential of guava based agricultural waste in producing the source of inhibition for potential use as fertilizer enhancers. Recommendations: It is recommended to look into the mechanism of inhibition for the natural-based inhibitor in order to understand its application in soil.

Biography:

Engr. Muhammad Junaid Munir has completed his MSc Structural Engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore. His main research is focused on the durability of concrete especially alkali silica reaction. He has published eleven (11) research papers in well reputed peer reviewed local and international journals, coordinated several national research projects and has been serving as Junior Lecturer at Mirpur University of Science and Technology, AJK, Pakistan.

Abstract:

Alkali silica reaction (ASR) is considered as the cancer of concrete. In this study, waste rice husk ash (RHA) was utilized to control ASR expansion in concrete. For this purpose, RHA was collected from local brick industry. To develop the phenomena of ASR, local reactive aggregates were used. To evaluate the ASR potential, mortar bar specimens with different RHA dosages (10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by cement weight) were prepared following ASTM C1260. Strength activity index test was performed to investigate the pozzolanic reactivity of RHA. Results showed that RHA was a pozzolanic material. For specimens incorporating 10% and 40% RHA, reduction in mortar bar expansion was observed 21% and 46%, respectively. Low calcium to silica ratio with higher alumina content was observed in mortar bar specimens during energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, which resulted into dilution process and alkali absorption. On the basis of results, it can be concluded that RHA (10%-40% in replacement of cement) can be utilized to control ASR expansion through pozzolanic reaction.

Biography:

Nacéra Rouha received the Dip.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering, the Magister degree and the Doctorat d’Etat ès Sciences in high Voltage technology from the Polytechnic High School of Algiers. Since 22 years, she joined the Electrical Engineering Department of A. MIRA University, Bejaia, Algeria, as lecturer and L.G.E.B. research laboratory as member of discharge research group. Her main research interests include diagnostics, partial discharge measurement, electrical and water trees modeling and monitoring of power cable. She is author/coauthor of many publications and international conferences papers.

Abstract:

Deal with electrical flashovers problems, silicone is the ideal material used for coating insulators systems to improve their performances. This paper deals with the thermal treatment effect on the ageing phenomenon of Silicone coated insulators in service. At this purpose, a physico-chemical experimental study of Silicone Rubber films thermally treated and untreated is undertaken. At first, accelerated electrical degradation tests were conducted under a growing alternating 50 Hz homogeneous electrical field. A series of surfacic breakdown is carried out on this polymer, in both its two states to characterize its performances by measuring the dielectric strength El, the capacitor Cx and the loss factor tgδ. The measurements are performed on virgin (Vg), electrically aged, and electrically aged-heat treated samples. In this latter case, the electrical ageing is performed on relaxed sample during 24 hours, after a heat treatment at a temperature T = 100 ° C during tT =100 hours. Cx and tgδ are measured under a root mean square voltage in the range of 10 V to 110 V with frequencies of 10 Hz to 1100 Hz using the Schering bridge. Then series of chemical analyses, as an Infrared spectroscopy and a X- Ray Diffraction were performed to monitor the degradation at microscopic scale. Electrical and chemical measurements have evidenced the constraints effects on the silicone ageing phenomenon, and a correlation between the different results was established. It has been observed that the electric stress results in the alteration of silicone dielectric properties while the thermal treatment slows down the Silicone electrical aging process. Silicone’s electrical ageing results from the production of an oxidation mechanism, a phase change (crystalline to amorphous) and a surface alteration due to the discharge occurrence. This results in the decrease in both its dielectric strength and capacity and the increase in loss factor. Heat treatment of short duration has improved the silicone dielectric properties through oxidation process activity decrease under applied electric field stress.

Biography:

Awf Al-Kassir, male, Professor Industrial Engineer, (Ph.D.) from Valladolid University in 1995, graduated (B.Sc.) from mechanical engineering department, Mosul University in 1978. He worked for University of Technology of Baghdad in 1979 and Institute of Technology of Ramady 1980-1988 after getting his (M.Sc.). From 1989-1994, he worked as a researcher and associate professor at the University of Valladolid in Spain. From 1995 up to date he worked as a professor at the University of Extremadura in Spain. He was invited professor at TUBITAK research center of Turkey during the academic year 2009-2010. Also he is the coordinator of Master Bioenergy Subject & lecturer at the Polytechnique Institute of Portalegre in Portugal, 2010-2012. Now he has published more than 150 papers and contributed more than 80 communications to congresses & other books. He participated in national research projects, he was a member of ASHRAE from 1989-1995, he was accepted for colligate in the engineering college of Spain since 1990.

Abstract:

Biomass residues with more than 50% moisture content cause operational problems of combustors and reduce efficiency. Also, higher moisture contents lead to high CO and volatile organic compound emissions, mainly in smaller combustion units. Using dry biomass in a combustion systems results in lower emissions, reduced fuel use, improved boiler efficiency, increased heat production, reduced ancillary power requirements. The main purpose of the drying process is to reduce moisture content of the wet biomass. The choice of dryers will depend on the characteristics of the wet biomass material, the source of heat and the integration options available. The heat sources and temperatures for drying are important considerations. Flue gas is an efficient source of the heat. A method of calculation for thermal drying has been developed for the design of a direct contact dryer for biomass residues. A heat source of dryer will be flue gasses of the existing biomass boiler. The model input data are inlet temperatures and the flow rates of gas and biomass residues. An experimental facility has been developed and built in order to measure the temperatures inside the dryer along time. The results obtained indicated that an optimal dryer length of approximately 0.95m has been calculated for an inner diameter of 0.13m. The gasification of biomass for energy production purpose leads to minor CO2 emissions. In the gasification experiments of biomass 10 g of vine shoot were treated at three temperatures (650, 750 & 800ºC) in air atmosphere. Once the optimal temperature (800ºC) was selected, the wine shoot remnants were gasified by using an air stream of 200 ml/min and different residence times (8 and 50 minutes, respectively). In our case, the total amount of vine shoots produced yearly in Extremadura reaches 87725 Tons, so a volume of 1.91*107 m3 of H2 may be obtained annually. Multiplying by its Lower Heating Value, yields to H2 energy potential of 205766 GJ per year. Keeping in mind Doubling's Law, a total power of 30.01 MW could be obtained. Considering a yield of 21% for the solid phase obtained in the gasification process. The energy potential of the carbons could be obtained by multiplying by its HHV.

Biography:

Francois O. Méar has completed his PhD at the age of 29 years from Montpellier II University and postdoctoral studies from Cambridge and Tohoku University. He is assistant professor at Lille I University and specifically in the Catalysis and Solid State Chemistry Unit. FOM is working on the formulation of glass matrices for unconventional applications (e.g. containment matrices for nuclear waste, seals glass for SOFC) and on the synthesis of self-healing glassy matrices. He has published more than 35 papers in reputed journals, 1 patent and 2 book chapters.

Abstract:

The amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) or e-waste generated in the world is growing rapidly. The content of hazardous components in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) is a major concern during the waste management phase. Ideally, the materials in electronic products should be re-used when the products reach the end of their lifetime. In the European Union (EU), WEEE represents about 7.5 million tons each year, where computer monitors and TV sets containing cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) represent about 80% of the total electronic waste. In the United States, it is estimated that 300,000 tons of e-waste ended up in landfills in 2000 and CRTs represent about one-third of electronics waste tonnage. The three kinds of glass constituting the CRT monitor contain hazardous and heavy elements (lead, strontium, antimony, barium, europium, selenium etc.) and weigh between 50% and 85% of the total weight of a computer monitor or a television set. Currently, collected monitors are dismantled and treated, and the CRT glass generally ends up in a special landfill licensed for hazardous waste. Hence, in Europe almost all of them are in landfills. As the lead content in these waste products represents as much as 80% of the toxic metals in discard electronics, CRTs represent a clear potential pollution danger to the environment. To investigate the potential applications of waste CRT glass, characterizations of these materials need to be carried out. Waste CRT glass can be classified as being part of either color or black & white monitors, and by their manufacturer. However, at this stage only general CRT glass composition and properties are available, as no systematic studies have been carried out by manufacturers. Several studies have been carried out to investigate how the waste CRT glass could be re-used. CRT glass should be recycled in a closed-loop system (i.e. in the manufacture of new CRTs glass) or an open-loop system (i.e. the glass is used in other outlets).

Biography:

M. Sulyman was born in 1976. He got his MSc. degree in 2008 from Academy of Graduate Studies and the B.Sc. degree in 2000 from Al-Mergheb University in the field of chemical engineering in Libya. Currently he is a PhD student at Polymer Technology Department, Gdansk University of Technology in Poland. His interests of research are environmental and polymer engineering. His main research is asphalt polymer blend using polymer waste materials. Additional interest work is wastewater treatment using green adsorbents prepared from agricultural by-products/wastes

Abstract:

Up to now, oil spill pollution is still one of the important issues all over the world, due to its environmental and economical issues. It also, remains a challenge to the environment scientists and technologists. Nowadays, removing of petroleum and nonpetroleum spills by adsorbent materials is the most safety and effective process. However, there are several works that have been conducted on using natural and synthetic adsorbent materials such as kenaf fiber, sugarcane bagasse, crumb rubber, polyurethane foam, polypropylene fiber raw wool and cotton, and silica nanopowder, in the removal of oils from water-oil system. In this study, recycled textile fiber (TF) obtained from used tires has been selected and used as a low cost and recycled adsorbent for petroleum and non-petroleum oily wastewater treatment using the static and dynamic systems. The effect of duration, contact time, and fiber dose on the oil sorption capacity and removal percentage during static system sorption were investigated and maximum adsorption capacity and removal percentage for 1 g TF in 50 ml water containing 4.62 g of oil using 150 ml glass beakers were found to be 4.33 g/g and 94% for cooking oil , and 4.10 g/g and 88.74 % for crude oil respectively at room temperature. The evaluation of sorbent efficiency for only oil uptake which called “dry system” was also studied and the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained about 17 g/g for used cooking oil, and 14.4 g/g for crude oil which reached duration 24 hr . Compressed textile fiber using physical technique to removal oil from the layer oil system was also studied using static system. At the dynamic system, the following results are obtained: the sorption removal of oil from water-oil system was still almost constant until breakpoint was reached, which was 99%and 98.5% for used cooking oil and crude oil respectively, while the sorption capacity at breakpoint was found to be 7.53g/g and 6.5g/g for cooking oil and crude oil respectively with flow rate of 20 ml/min. The column having an ID of about 25 mm, with fiber mass of 2 g, influent initial concentration of 9.06 g/100 ml, and flow rate 20 ml/min could treat 2000 ml and 1840 ml of cooking oily wastewater and crude oily wastewater respectively at breakpoint. Although the compressed TF showed lower sorption capacity than uncompressed fiber which about 2.35 g/g. But at the same time, the compressed TF showed that could be used for the storage and transport of recovered oil and the adsorbed oil not leaches out at room temperature for long time. These results also indicated that textile fiber obtained from used tires can be used without activation and any previous chemical treatment for oil spill cleanup.

Biography:

Fernando Gabriel is a Professor of the Physics Department and of the Graduate programm in Materials Science of the Federal University of Ouro Preto and the Director of the Department of Research in Engineering and Continuing Education of the Gorceix Foundation. He graduated in Physics, has a Master’s Degree in Physical Metallurgy, a Ph.D. in Materials Science, with a post-doc in hydrothermal growth and a post-doc in recycling. His work is today is largely focused on materials characterization, geometallurgy, materials processing and clean production

Abstract:

Steatite, commonly known as soapstone, is a rock of metamorphic origin, which has talc, a phillosilicate of hydrated magnesium, as its main component. The uses of soapstone are as natural stones for countertops, vanities, flooring and entryways, but the main applications are related to high temperatura uses, as fireplaces, stove countertops and kitchenware, besides its vast use in art, for the production of scultures. In Brazil, Minas Gerais state is by far the largest producer of soapstone and it has tradition both in exporting plates and blocks of the material to the whole world, and in producing sculptures and art in soapstone, since the collonial times, in the XVII Century. One oustanding fact is that the statue of Christ the Redeemer, one of the most famous symbols of Brazil, is covered with a soapstone layer. The processing of soapstone for the production of blocks and plates involves basically cutting by abrasion, and operation that, in the case of plates, results in a volume of rejects of up to 20% of the volume of production, consisting of fine grained soapstone. The aim of this work is to find a destination for this type of reject, as the use of tailings for the synthesis of new materials is a worldwide trend today. This paper approaches the utilization of tailings of soapstone (steatite) in order to produce ceramics. The experiments involved chemical, mineralogical and granulometric characterization of the rejects, followed by the production of ceramics with sopstone rejects additions, and the determination of the mechanical properties of the ceramics and their colors. The results show that the addition of soapstone in a ratio over 20% in the ceramic mass can enhance the bending resistance of the ceramic samples when they are fired at temperatures in excess of 900°C.

Biography:

R. Galhano dos Santos has graduated in Chemistry at the Faculty of Sciences of the Classical University of Lisbon in 2006, where he obtained his PhD in Organic Chemistry in the following years. During his PhD studies he has integrated the Group of Raw Materials of CERENA, where, simultaneously, with his PhD studies developed and deepened his knowledge and scientific activity in the area of polymers and in the up-cycling of wastes/residues to access value-added products. This work allowed him to develop and gain the awareness for the necessity of the development of tools to improve the health and wellbeing of all living beings as well the environment of the entire globe. Within this context his current work has been focused in the use of direct liquefaction of biomass for the production of bio-oil to access to chemical platforms in alternatives to those overcoming from fossil sources. Such studies have resulted in the publication of several papers and patents over the last years

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Being a hot topic, although not a great news to anyone, the great dependence of mankind on petroleum sources has been, over the last few decades, becoming more than an inconvenient, a problem that eagers to be solved and overcome. Humanity, in general, is aware of the adverse effects that the fossil sources have caused to the environment. Alternatives to such sources have been envisaged and outlined. Still limited solutions to overcome those issues were identified. The scientific community have focused much of their attention on biorefineries. This latter concept aims to basically to achieve three major objectives, the production of bioenergy, biofuels, and biochemicals

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: One of the processes among those that can be explored under the concept of biorefineries is the direct liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass catalyzed by acids. This process has been widely studied and applied to several sources biomasses. The lignocellulosic biomass is considered to be source of products with high chemical interest.

Findings: The studies conducted have shown that liquefaction can lead to bio-oils that have proven to possess very good anti-oxidant activity, to be used as carbohydrate building block for synthesis or fermentation processes, bio-fuels, chemicals platform. The direct liquefaction has been applied to a wide range of raw materials and all of them has been successfully liquefied by optimizing the reaction conditions.

Conclusion & Significance: The results to be presented demonstrate that liquefactions could be, in fact, an effective tool to access products with chemical interest as well as bio-fuels. Alongside, wastes and residues can be this way mitigated contributing, thus, to a better environment towards the up-cycling of feedstocks that have no economic value and would end-up to be burnt without any valorization what-so-ever increasing the glasshouse effect, causing, therefore, more damage to the environment.

Biography:

Delia T. SPONZA is professor since 2001 in Environmental Engineering Department at Dokuz Eylul University – IZMIR TURKEY. She is member of Turkish Science Academy since 2013. She is studying with anaerobic, aerobic, advanced treatment processes of industrial wastewaters. She has more than 15 studies relevant to toxicities of industrial wastewater. M.Sc. Gokce Guney has been graduated from Engineering Faculty of Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey as an Environmental Engineer. Then she started working at Environmental Engineering Department of Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey as a research assistant. Later on she obtained her post-graduation in M.Sc. from The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey from Environmental Engineering Department. Now, she has continued her Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering Department and M.Sc. in Occupational Health and Safety Department both at The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. M.Sc. Nefise Erdincmer has been graduated from Department of Biology of Hacettepe University. Then she started working at Environmental Measurements Laboratory of Dokuz Eylul University (DEU) as a biologist. Besides she obtained her post-graduation in M.Sc. from The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of DEU. Now she has continued her Ph.D in Marine Science and Technology Department in DEU.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: The olive mill sector needs to put into practice new strategies for wastewater management that will reduce the environmental impact of its excessive water consumption and high dye and auxiliary chemical expenditures The sector will be forced to develop an integrated waste management approach that involves the recycling of not only water but also consumable chemicals. Hydroxytyrosol is the main polyphenol naturally occurring in olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) either from two-phase or three-phase traditional and industrial mills. It is naturally occurring in virgin olive oil also in form of monoacetyl derivative which shows an antioxidant effect very close to the parent compound. Among the wide group of polyphenols, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid can be applied as natural antioxidant for cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the recoveries of the hydroxytyrosol, hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid were performed using sequential anaerobic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) and reverse ozmosis (RO) processes. After UASB treatment the effluent was asidified, filtered and vaporised at 30 ⁰C at a pressure of 1.7 A in a autoclave. The obtained oil was extracted with ethyl acetate. The Hydroxytyrosol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and caffeic acid were purified with kieselgel containing silica-gel and they were measured in a HPLC in a isocratic media using acetonitril/acettic acid/water mixture flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The final sequential RO membrane stages were carried out in a bench-scale cross-flow unit. Flat-sheet thin-film composite (TFC) RO consisted of a polyamide active layer on a polysulfone ultra-filtration support, with an active area of 200 cm2 was used for reuse the treated water for process and land application since this treatment step maintaining the parametric values with regard to pH, EC, TSS, COD, total iron, ionic content and bacterial growth below the standard limits established for irrigation purposes.

Biography:

Ji Hye Jo is a research fellow at Korea Environment Institute, the Korea’s leading think tank on environmental policy and environmental impact assessment (EIA) sponsored by Korean government. Her major was a biological hydrogen energy production. Recently, her research interest includes sustainable resource circulation and waste management policy. She focuses on efficient waste-to-energy, recycling of rare metals and safe management of hazardous wastes such as medical wastes.

Abstract:

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the use of nanomaterials has increased sharply in various industrial, medical and environmental sectors. A considerable amount of nanomaterials have been discharged in the form of nanowastes in manufacturing plants or laboratories, or after being used by consumers. Concerns over the safety risks of these nanomaterials or nanoproducts to human health have also been continuously raised. In South Korea, the world's third largest producer of nano-goods, there are little data about how nanowastes are exposed to the environment and discharged. In case nanowastes are recycled, nanoparticles containing dust are discharged in the crushing process and released, having negative effects on workers’ health and the environment. Sludges and ashes generated during wastewater treatment and incineration, respectively, end up in landfills and are discharged back into the environment as secondary nanowastes. In this study, we examined the behavior of nanomaterials based on the material flow analysis applied from the major sources of nanowastes to the final landfill through waste treatment facilities. We analyzed the management system and issues by estimating the flows of well-known nanomaterials (n-TiO₂, n-ZnO, n-Ag, CNT) with focus on waste incineration process (scenario I~III).  According to scenario III which reflects the domestic waste treatment rates, about 48 tons of n-TiO₂ and 178 tons of n-ZnO would be discarded to the landfill per year after incineration. In case of n-Ag, a relatively small amount would be produced, among which 7 tons could be processed in incinerators. While around 1 ton of carbon nanotubes would be incinerated, around 99% are estimated to be removed after combustion.In conclusion, other nanomaterials except CNT would not be removed in the incineration process and end up in landfill sites, leading to prediction that a small amount of nanomaterials or less than 0.04% would be emitted into the atmosphere.

Biography:

W.-G. Jung have had experience as a researcher at POSCO before he moved to Kookmin University, Korea. His major research areas are steelmaking process, chemical metallurgy, thermodynamics and related topics. His recent researches are mainly focused on the recycling of materials including metals, engineering ceramic compounds and industrial wastes

Abstract:

A large amount of slag is generated in the steel product production process. In general, it is known that about 300 kg of blast furnace slag is produced for 1 ton of pig iron, and about 25 million tons of steel slag is generated annually in Korea. Steel slag can be classified into blast furnace (BF) slag and steel making slag. Blast furnace slag accounts for about 60% of all steel slag. It is widely used as cement raw material and used as civil engineering and construction materials. However, steelmaking slag has a high basicity and its utilization is restricted due to the pulverization behavior due to hydration reaction. Therefore, the recycling rate is limited to be about 20%, and the rest is accumulated in the factory or landfilled, causing environmental problems. This is becoming burdensome in steel industry. Therefore, it is one of the most important tasks to develop appropriate applications that can recycle steelmaking slag and increase added value. In this study, Fe-Ni slag, converter slag and dephosphorization slag generated from steel industry, and fly ash or bottom ash from a power plant were mixed in appropriate mixing ratio, and melted in a melting furnace on mass-production process for glass ceramics. Then the glass-ceramic products having basalt composition with SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3 components were fabricated through casting and heat treatment process. The comparison was made for the samples before and after the modification of process condition. Glass-Ceramic samples before and after the process modification were similar in chemical composition, but Al2O3 and Na2O contents were slightly higher in the samples before the modification. Before and after the process modification, it was confirmed that the sample had a melting temperature below 1250 oC, and the pyroxene and diopside are the primary phases in the product. The crystallization temperature in sample after modification was found to be higher than that in sample before modification. The activation energy for crystallization was evaluated as 467 kJ/mol of the sample before the process modification, and 337 kJ/mol of the sample after the process modification. The degree of crystallinity was evaluated as 82% before the process change and 87% after the process change, respectively. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength and bending strength were evaluated as excellent for the sample after the process modification. Optimized process for the production of glass-ceramic materials from steel industry slags and industrial waste was deduced through the evaluation of properties, facility modification and process control.

Biography:

Milorad M. Cirkovic was a chief engineer for two decades in the primary production of copper in RTB Bor. In the Mining and Metallurgy Institute, he works on the projects for development the technologies for recycling the polymetalli cscrap, electronic waste and environment protection. He is the author of more than a hundred scientific papers and three patents

Abstract:

Permanent development of technology causes creation a significant amount of the secondary raw materials which are increasingly actualas Recent Publications the raw material base for many metals. Due to the fact that large amounts of metal are concentrated in waste materials with their high content, a great attention is given to this subject and numerous technologies are developed on the world stage today for recycling of this waste. Natural deposits of these metals are increasingly poorer so that the deposits of Cu-Zn alloys represent a significant potential for valuation the basic metals. This work presents the results of laboratory and pilot studies of brass decomposition in order to produce the basic metals (Cu and Zn) from brass scrap, because it is an important raw material base for production of these metals. The pilot plant consists of a rotary smelting furnace, capacity of 5 t, and special plant for gas treatment. The aim of this experiment was to remove zinc and accompanying metals by processing of these alloys and to produce copper. The produced copper has the following chemical composition: 99.03% Cu, 0.45% Zn, 0.46% Pb and 0.04%Sn. The amount of removed slag is 2-2.5% of the amount of charged material, and slag has the following chemical composition: 27.5% Cu, 38.92% Zn, 2.93% Fe, 6.03%SiO2 and 4.35%Cu(oxide).

Biography:

Abstract:

In particular, the environment is a daily issue that is brought home to anyone, so that it is necessary to establish the infrastructure to drive technological development, despite the cost incurred to some extent. Therefore, it is needed to consider profitability of business as well as social and public aspects. This study intends to apply the feasibility evaluation and commercialization strategies to the waste resource recycling technologies with the trends of CO2 emissions reduction and waste-energy zero house, which are discussed at home and abroad This subject intends to evaluate CO2 emission of on-site composting facility which is a miniaturized version of a large-scale composting treatment facility, in order to accommodate a treatment capacity of less than 100 kg/day. This facility is installed in the apartment complex to avoid the need for separate collection and transportation by not discharging the food waste outside of the complex. In addition, this solves the odor and leachate problems associated with conventional collection and transportation, as the discharged food waste is treated immediately. As a result, the CO2 emission reduction effect to be excellent because, although the CO2 emission is slightly higher in the treatment stage than that in the large-scale composting facilities, this is more than offset by the fact that the collection–transportation and final disposal stages are omitted because of the smaller operation than those of large-scale composting treatment facilities. Through the this study, it aims to evaluate the benefits as economic values in connection with the social benefits including carbon emissions and energy use reduction, renewable energy production and local community vitalization. Through this study, it aims to evaluate the social benefits including carbon emissions and energy use reduction, renewable energy production and local community vitalization.

Biography:

Abstract:

Statement of problem: Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Building in urban areas to face up to climate change impacts mainly focus on mitigating threats, reducing vulnerabilities and increasing capacities to bounce back, thus exhibiting resilience and sustainability. However, what measures are there to counter the impacts of Climate Change which are also useful in providing health and environmental co-benefits and contribute to Climate Change mitigation? 

Researchers have shown that Climate change does not present new problems per se, but may worsen and shift the geographic distribution of existing problems.  Some sections of population may be more at risk:

·         Children, aged and disabled

·         Those living in flood plains and with poor quality housing.

Improper Solid Waste management in urban areas has been the cause of clogging of drains during heavy rainfall sometimes causing floods and at others, exacerbating the effects of floods by increasing contamination of water, soil and spreading infectious diseases, heavy metal bearing toxic waste and covering every surface with degrading material. Similarly, during heat waves, the methane from accumulated garbage in medium and large scale dumps have lead to spontaneous fires, contaminating air and generating particulate matter and gaseous fumes exacerbating respiratory illnesses and spreading infectious diseases. During winters and cold waves too, improper solid waste management can contribute to increased particulate matter concentration due to open burning of garbage resulting in allergy, infection and respiratory distress among all sections of the population particularly among children, elderly and immune-compromised patients.  

Theoretical Orientation and Methodology: Integrated Waste Management is one of the sectors in urban development, which offers solutions to Climate Change Adaptation, Resilience, contributes significantly to environmental and health co-benefits while also contributing to Climate Change mitigation.  This paper examines how Indian cities can adopt an Integrated Waste Management approach and achieve compliance to the Solid Waste, Plastics Waste, E-waste, Biomedical waste and Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules all promulgated in 2016 by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India and earn environmental and health co-benefits too.

Findings: As a part of National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA), New Delhi, I undertook the exercise of integrating the above Rules and recommending source segregation of solid waste at household level, medium and bulk generators of different types of waste and arrived at processes of environmentally sound and productive recycling for each stream by which solid waste in a city becomes a resource and a source of income minus the  nuisance and pollution potential thus contributing to environmental and health co-benefits, increasing their adaptation and resilience potential. Since such processes of maximizing segregation of streams and recycling minimizes open burning or accumulation of methane, an integrated approach also contributes to climate change mitigation. Many of the processes recommended continue to operate under extreme weather events because they are decentralized and hence are ideal adaptation and resilience measures. Toxic and hazardous waste is also isolated and neutralized to prevent contamination.

Biography:

Eyram is graduate researcher from Ghana who is working towards becoming an environmental scientist in order to help solve environmental issues across the world. Eyram is currently pursuing his Master’s program in Environmental Science and Engineering at Hohai University, China. His focus is to use waste products to make sustainable artefacts and help solve environmental problems. His research work is on Solid Waste Management where he uses Lignin, a waste by product from the Paper Making Industry, for sustainable road construction. He also worked as an assistant engineer on sanitary landfill development. These positions exposed him to the sanitation issues facing his country Ghana. Eyram hopes to seek knowledge in order to come up with innovative ways of solving the waste menace and the sanitation situation within his country, Ghana and across World

Abstract:

Concerns on the cost, over security of supply, and environmental impact of using petroleum-based materials have led to the modification and development of alternative asphalt binders for flexible pavements. The objective of this study is to investigate the thermal properties and the uniform miscibility of Kraft Lignin and petroleum asphalt blends using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) over the entire range of composition. The study shows that 30% by weight of lignin can be added to asphalt to obtain uniformly mixed and a thermally stable binder composite. Lignin has a lower Td value than asphalt. An increase in the concentration of lignin in the composite reduces the Td value of the composite making the composite less thermally stable. The lowest Td value of the composite binder recorded was 280 °C while the mixing temperature of bitumen and aggregate is 165 °C. Thus, the addition of 30% had no negative results on the thermal stability of the composite. The thermal behaviour of these blends as measured by TGA suggests compatibility for the blends containing up to 30% (weight) of Kraft lignin. SEM results showed a uniform distribution of lignin of particle size less than 75µm in the bitumen. The infrared data show that the miscibility of the blends with varying concentrations was a physical reaction since the functional groups in both Lignin and bitumen remained intact in the composite. The thermal stability and the uniform distribution of lignin fibers in asphalt binder gives a positive indication that the composite can be used in asphalt pavements. Not only is the petroleum resource saved and the environment protected but there is an effective use of the solid waste material, lignin.

Biography:

Kulzira Mamyrbayeva has extensive experience in the study of hydrometallurgical technology of processing poor oxidized and mixed ores, dumps and tailings. She studies the processes of metal concentrating and refining by extraction from productive solutions.

Abstract:

Involvement in the processing of previously unprocessed poor oxidized, mixed, persistent oxidized ores, as well as waste of beneficiating plants, is becoming an increasingly urgent task. The processing of such ores by traditional methods is very complex and inefficient. A large amount of copper is contained in the dumps of off-balance, hard-processing and stale ores of Kazakhstan. The practice of operating enterprises shows, that in the process of heap leaching of this type of raw material, it is possible to extract 40-60% of copper. Therefore, some tailings of leaching can also be considered as a potential raw material for copper recovery. The purpose of our studies was to extract copper from the tailings of leaching of the Kounrad deposit ore with a copper content of 0.32%. Physico-chemical studies found that the copper content in the leaching tail is 0.33% and the main oxidized copper minerals in the samples are malachite, azurite, cuprit; Sulphide minerals - chalcopyrite, covellite, chalcosine; The main iron minerals are siderite and pyrite, the waste rock is up to 80% silicon oxide, the rest are aluminum silicate, muscovite, potassium hydrogen sulfate, aluminum sulfate, kaolinite, andalusite, pyrophyllite, nacrite. Agitation leaching was conducted with solutions of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids of different concentrations, with and without the presence of an oxidizing agent. It was found that, during leaching process with sulfuric and hydrochloric acids without oxidizing agent, copper extraction increases with the increase of concentration and duration of the acids, and does not exceed 35%. In the presence of an oxidizer - hydrogen peroxide, the extraction rate of copper increases - up to 70%. Solutions with a copper content of up to 2.0 g/l were obtained by multi-stage leaching of samples. Concentration and refining of copper was carried out according to the scheme 2Е+1S with the extractant Lix 9858 NSC in kerosene. The extraction was carried out at a pH of 3.5, the ratio of the organic and aqueous phases -1.5, and the extractant concentration -10%. The degree of copper recovery in a two-staged extraction was 92%. The copper stripping was carried out with the electrolyte of the following composition, g/l: 35 Cu; 180 g/l Н2SO4, with the ratio of the organic and aqueous phases - 11.6. Under such conditions, the copper recovery is 98% and a solution with a copper content of up to 50 g / l is obtained. The results of the work are recommended for verification on an enlarged scale.

Biography:

The first author is economic geologist and has been working on industrial minerals for the last many years. She has evaluated many industrial mineral resources for their use for industry. Moreover, her work on industrial mineral resources also takes into consideration the sustainability of the mineral deposits

Abstract:

Peshawar is a metropolitan city, the administrative center and the economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. The province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constitutes about more than 90% of the country’s total marble deposits. At Marble processing industries a marble slurry waste is produced by cutting, grinding and polishing machines which is dumped at the industry sites or on roads posing threat to the surrounding environment. This study focuses on the utilization of the slurry waste for use in making cement in order to reduce the burden of the waste on the environment, prevent the negative impact related with marble processing plants, preserve natural resources by reutilizing industrial wastes and reformulate by improving the properties of construction material. The marble waste slurry samples were characterized. The analyses include chemical composition, moisture content, specific gravity, fineness and water absorption. After characterization these samples were blended with various proportions of plaster of Paris, Portland cement, white cement, sand, fiber glass and pigments for use in the preparation of bricks and tiles. These blended samples were tested for compressive and flexural strengths, water absorption and density. This study has revealed that nearly all the mix proportions prepared by using plaster of Paris as binder failed to qualify for the American Standards for Testing Materials (ASTM) C55 for concrete building bricks. Whereas, most of the specimens having 10, 20 and 30% of marble dust along with Portland and white cement as binder qualify for compressive and flexural strengths while there is a huge impact of using glass fiber as reinforcer to increase the flexural strength of the specimens. The main findings of this study showed the economic feasibility of using marble slurry waste in the form of marble powder in the preparation of mix proportions of concrete bricks and tiles.

Biography:

Engr. Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi has completed his MSc Structural Engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore. His main research is focused on the sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials. He has published eleven (11) research papers in well reputed peer reviewed local and international journals, coordinated several national research projects and has been serving as Junior Lecturer at Mirpur University of Science and Technology, AJK, Pakistan

Abstract:

Clay bricks are the commonly used construction material worldwide. The main focus of this study is to utilize the waste glass sludge (WGS) in clay brick manufacturing as a secondary raw material. WGS was collected from a glass cutting and polishing industry. Brick specimens were prepared using various replacements of WGS (i.e., 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% by clay weight) at an industrial brick manufacturing plant. A variety of durability and mechanical tests were conducted on the bricks to evaluate their performance. Results revealed that WGS modified bricks showed higher compressive and flexural strength in compared with traditional bricks. WGS addition reduced the unit weight of bricks resulting into economical and lighter structures. Moreover, durability properties of bricks like freeze-thaw, sulfate attack and efflorescence resistance were improved by adding WGS. It can be concluded that WGS can improve the mechanical and durability properties of clay bricks, leading towards more sustainable and economical construction.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Nafiseh Dakhili has completed her Master at the age of 25 years from Iran University of Science and Technology with Thesis in Subject:  Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel’s Galvanizing Process by Pyro and Hydro Metallurgical Treatments and with GPA: 15.03 (out of 20). Then she works as Commercial Manager at Faragostar Altoon production and Commerce Company. She has 6 papers which presented at international conferences.

Abstract:

Zinc containing wastes/secondary's such as zinc ash, dross, flue dusts, sludge, residue etc. are generated in various chemical and metallurgical industries. The materials contain different level of impurities depending on the source. If zinc content material, like zinc ash and zinc slag, contains various amounts of chlorides like zinc chloride, zinc oxy-chloride, which comes from ammonium chloride and other chloride fluxes used by galvanizers, the chloride content has to be removed for the evaluation of this secondary resource for recovery as zinc metal or zinc oxide. The results (of the galvanizing slag’s treating that left after some pyrometallurgical presses) indicate that roasting at 800 °C for 30 min, followed by alkali washing treatment, at 70 °C for 45 min by 1/6 solid/liquid ratio and 1.5 times the stochiometric amount, will useful for chloride removal with 94% efficiency.